COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

EMERGING TECHNOLOGY ASSIGNMENT

BY: Workineh Amanu

Id. No. UGR /7981/16
Section: 4
SUBMIT TO: HABTAMU ABUNE
Mar 6, 2024
Que 1. Compare and contrast Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, and
deep learning.
Que 2. List and discuss at least four disciplines that contribute to AI and
HCI. (Common for both
AI and HCI)
Que 3. Discuss barriers to adopting Emerging Technology.
Que 4. Briefly discuss the different types of Cloud Computing. Discuss the
different technologies that contribute to cloud computing.
Que 5. Briefly discuss the following emerging technologies and how it
could be shaping the future of you and your business or professional:
A. Nanotechnology
B. Artificial intelligence
C. Biotechnology
D. Block chain technology
E. Computer vision

The Answers of the above Questions are listed below respectively.

Ans1
Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial intelligence, commonly referred to as AI, is the process of
imparting data, information, and human intelligence to machines.
• The main goal of Artificial Intelligence is to develop self-reliant
machines that can think and act like humans. These machines
can mimic human behavior and perform tasks by learning and
problem-solving. Most of the AI systems simulate natural
intelligence to solve complex problems.
• AI is a field of study that combines the concept of computer
science and the use of datasets to solve problems in many use
cases with minimal human intervention
 Machines learning
• Machine learning is a discipline of computer science that uses computer
algorithms and analytics to build predictive models that can solve
business problems.
• Machine learning is based on algorithms that can learn from data
without relying on rules based programming.
• Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) in which we use
a specific algorithm to process data such that we can use the algorithm
to predict the value of unseen data. However, the algorithm that we use
in machine learning is designed in such a way that it needs little
intervention from us as a programmer.
 Deep learning
• Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that deals with
algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the human brain.
• Deep learning algorithms can work with an enormous amount of
both structured and unstructured data.
• Deep learning’s core concept lies in artificial neural networks, which
enable machines to make decisions. The major difference between
deep learning vs machine learning is the way data is presented to the
machine.
• Machine learning algorithms usually require structured data,
whereas deep learning networks work on multiple layers of artificial
neural networks.
Ans2
Disciplines Contributing to HCI and AI
• The field of HCI and AI covers a wide range of topics, and its
development has relied on contributions from many disciplines.
Some of the main disciplines which have contributed to
HCI and AI are:
1. Computer Science
• Technology
• Software design, development & maintenance
• User Interface Management Systems (UIMS) & User Interface
Development Environments (UIDE)
• Prototyping tools
2. Cognitive Psychology
• information processing
• capabilities
• limitations
• cooperative working
• performance prediction
3. Language: focuses on the interaction between computers and human.
• languages, enabling machines to understand, interpret, and generate
human-like text.
• Language translation, sentiment analysis, speech recognition, chatbots.
4. Mathematics-is the study of numbers, quantities, shapes, patterns,
structures, and relationships. It is a fundamental tool for modelling and
understanding various phenomena in the natural and social sciences.
5. Philosophy- is a branch of knowledge that involves the study of
fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language.
• Philosophers seek to understand and critically examine the nature of
reality and human experience. Computer supported cooperative work
(CSCW)
6. Computer Engineering: a discipline that combines elements of
electrical engineering and computer science. It involves the design,
development, and integration of computer systems and networks.
Ans3
Barriers to adopting Emerging Technology
• Lack of Sufficient knowledge
• Timing to make changes and adjust
• Lack ability to implement
• Lack of security concerns
• Budgetary priorities
• Resistance to learning new technology
• Work stress/overload
• high cost
Ans4
There are 4 types of Cloud Computing
1. Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via the Internet
using the pay-per-usage method. In public cloud, computing resources are
managed and operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
• Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloud Enterprise,
Microsoft, Google App Engine, Windows Azure Services Platform
2. Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud. It is used
by organizations to build and manage their own data centers internally or by the
third party. It can be deployed using Opensource tools such as Openstack and
Eucalyptus. Based on the location and management, National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) divide private cloud into the following two parts
• On-premise private cloud
• Outsourced private cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the private cloud.
we can say: Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud
• Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are running
on the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while the services which
are running on a private cloud can be accessed only by the organization's
users.
Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and Google
Drive), Office 365 (MS Office on the Web and One Drive), Amazon Web
Services.
4. Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a
group of several organizations to share the information between the
organization and a specific community. It is owned, managed, and
operated by one or more organizations in the
community, a third party, or a combination of them.
Example: Health Care community cloud
Technologies that are contributing to cloud computing
1. Broadband networks and internet architecture
• ISP: internet service provider
2. Data center technology
• Virtualization
• Standardization and Modularity
• Automation
• Remote Operation
3. Virtualization technology
• Server[ Virtual server virtual machine]
• Storage
• Network
• Power
4. Web technology
5. Multitenant technol
 Ans5
Nanotechnology refers to the science, engineering, and technology
conducted at the nanoscale. It is concerned with building 'things' -
generally, materials and devices on the scale of atoms and molecules. It
encompasses science and technology that manufactures materials of
great help to the improvement of various
areas of society especially health, environment, energy, electronics,
food, water, and agriculture.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing field that has the potential
to change our lives in many ways. From self-driving cars and virtual
personal assistants, to sophisticated financial algorithms and medical
diagnosis tools, AI is transforming the way we interact with technology.
However, despite its many potential benefits, there are also limitations to
what AI can do, and there are important questions to consider about its
future development and impact on society.One of the most exciting
possibilities of AI is its potential to solve complex problems that are
beyond human capability.
Biotechnology is the technological application of technology biology oriented
to serve our life.Biotechnology's potential spans multiple domains, from
medicine and agriculture to energy and environmental conservation.
Precision medicine, tailored to individual genetic profiles, could
revolutionize healthcare by offering personalized treatments and
therapies. Genetic modification of crops could enhance their resilience
and nutritional content, addressing global food security challenges.
Blockchain technology has come a long way since its creation as the
underlying infrastructure for the cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. Over the years,
blockchain has evolved into a powerful tool that offers increased security,
transparency, and efficiency in a wide range of applications. In this essay,
we will examine the evolution of blockchain technology and its impact on
the future of business and Finance
Computer vision is a subfield of artificial intelligence that deals with
acquiring, processing, analyzing, and making sense of visual data such
as digital images and videos. It is one of the most compelling types of
artificial intelligence that we regularly implement in our daily routines.
• Computer vision helps to understand the complexity of the human
vision system and trainscomputer systems to interpret and gain a high-
level understanding of digital images or videos. Inthe early days,
developing a machine system having human-like intelligence was just
a dream, but with the advancement of artificial intelligence and
machine learning, it also became possible. Similarly, such intelligent
systems have been developed that can "see" and interpret the world
around them, similar to human eyes. The fiction of yesterday has
become the fact of today.

THANK YOU