Water Cut Problem - Abbas - 28!2!2024

Lecture No : 25
‫عباس راضي عباس‬
Chief engineer
Abbas Radhi Abbas 1
MOC 28 -2-2024
Agenda
1- introduction to analysis well problems
2- Objective of water solutions
3. Reasons for water
4. How Diagnostics water problem
5.Water shut-off (WSO) techniques
6. Case study
2
Water cut problem ----------------- Abbas Radhi Abbas ------------------- 28-2-2024
If you need analysis well problem must study all below details
Drilling history
Mechanical History Initial Completion history
Production History Workover History
Study: Well History
Study : Open and Cased hole logging & Core Data Study : Geological Data, Maps and Cross Sections
Study : Offset Well Performance Study : Well Completion Characteristics
PLT ?? Well Tests ??
Need special Surveys ??

Well problem can solve by Rigless Or Rig ?
( saturation Log ? MIT ?)
3
Analysis Well problems
This analysis by :
• Reservoir Engineer
1.Possible Reasons • Petrophysics Engineer
• Production Engineer ( sub surface )
This decided by :
2.tools determined the
problem • Petrophysics Engineer
Analysis
Well Production
problems The solution suggestion by:
3.Remedial plan • Petrophysics Engineer
Executed the suggestion by:
workover ( rig or rig-less)
4
Analysis Well problems
Well Problem Reservoir data

data identification
Identification of Alterative
remedial measures
Technical Economic
Evaluation Evaluation
Planning and
implementation of workover
Workover monitoring and

evaluation
5
Workover operations
( Workover Operations )
1.Rig Operation 2.Rigless Operation

(Well intervention)
1. Workover Rig
1. Coiled tubing
2. Drilling Rig
2. Wireline logging
3. Slick Line Unit
4. Snubbing Unit
6
Agenda
6. Case study
7
Water Impact - Emerging Field Data
1500
Economic Limit for Water Production

R a t e, B P D
Unplanned water
Dev. Plan Assumption (oil)
Dev. Plan Assumption (water)
500 Emerging Data (oil))
Emerging Data (water)
Time
8
1-Objective of Water Solutions
Increase oil
productivity
Reduce water Environment

handling cost Impact
9
10
Increase Recoverable Reserves
Economic WOR limit

log WOR
Incremental Oil
Due to Treatment
Cumulative oil bbl
11
Agenda
6. Case study
12
2-Reasons for water
Simple Complex
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Casing , tubing Moving OWC Water injection through Water coning to Water coning to the
or packer leak Natural fracture Bottom perforation Whole perforation zone
Channeling flow Water-out layer Heterogeneity of water Water-out layer with

Water zone through
Behind casing Without crossflow displacement crossflow
Natural fracture
13
Agenda
6. Case study
14
Three ways to diagnostics water Problem
1 2 3
Production
Cased hole Logging Tracer
data analysis
15
1 Production data analysis
10000
1000
Qw
Qo
Barrels per day
100
10
0.1
1 10 100 1,000 10,000
Days
16
2 Cased hole logging
1-PLT 2-Saturation logs

1. Conventional PLT ( or ILT ) 1. Pulse neutron –neutron (PNN)
2. MAPS (Multiple Array Production Suite ) 2. Reservoir Performance Monitor (RPM)
 Spinner Array Tool (SAT) 3. Reservoir Monitor Tool (RMT)
 Resistivity Array Tool ( RAT ) 4. Pulse Neutron (PNX )
 Capacitance Array Tool ( CAT) 5. Reservoir saturation tool ( RST )
3-Cement logs 4-Casing inspection logs
1. MIT : Multi – Finger Imaging tool

2. MFC : Multi Finger Caliper
3. USI :Ultrasonic Image
4. ETT : Electromagnetic Thickness Tool
5. MTD : Magnetic Thickness Detector
5-Noise log 6-CHFR

17
1 Cased hole logging
Evaluate completion performance

 New wells
1  Injection wells
 Re-completions
Monitor reservoir performance & variations

 Flow profile
2  Well test
 Completion Efficiency
Diagnose well problems

 Water entry
3 

Gas entry
Leaks and mechanical problem
 Flow behind casing
Other
 Guidance for workover
4  Information for enhanced oil Recovery projects
 Identify boundaries for field development
18
PLT Application ( packer leak , casing leak , tubing leak)
Tubing
casing
Water 2.Tubing leaks
3.Casing leaks
packer 1.Packer leaks
Oil
19
PLT Application ( Cross flow )
(Lower
Oil Pressure)
6.Thief zone
High
Oil Pressure)
20
PLT Application ( Channel behind casing by poor cement)
water
4.Channel
caused by
poor cement
Oil
21
Pre-PLT- operation
1. Well Select: Y-Tool
 Well productivity ( low , medium , high ) ?

 Well trajectory ( vertical , deviated , horizontal ) ? ESP
 Well type ( injector , producer ) ?
 Check the well sketch ( single completion , commingle )?
 This well produce natural flow or Artificial lift ?
 If this well produce ( ESP ) , have Y- tools or not ?
 Well situation ( sand , asphalt ) ?
22
Pre-PLT- operation
2.In well site before run PLT :
 Take fluid sample from well head and send to lab to check the water )
 Put the well to test separator to check the production at the same day will run PLT
 Keep the well head pressure and chock size constant before and after PLT operation ,
to compare the results .
23
Introduction to saturation logs
Application Of Saturation logs
1. Formation evaluation behind casing.

2. Water saturation in old wells.
3. Water saturation in new wells where
modern open hole logs have not been
24
Application Of Saturation logs

1. Formation evaluation behind casing.
2. Water saturation in old wells.
3. Water saturation in new wells where
modern open hole logs have not been
After many years change the saturation
25
Overview of Residual-Oil-Saturation
26
Some types of saturation logs :
 Thermal Decay Time (TDT)

 Pulse Neutron Neutron ( PNN)
 Reservoir Performance Monitor (RPM)
 Reservoir Monitor Tool (RMT)
 Pulsed Neutron ( PNX)
 Reservoir Saturation Tool ( RST)
Note : Limitation in salinity and porosity
27
Saturation log Modes

Measurement Matrix Modes type
Company Tool I.D Sigma C/O Water Inelastic gamma
Logging Logging Flow （gas）
Baker RPM √ √ √ √
Halliburton RMT √ √ √ √
Halliburton TMD √ √ √
Hotwell PNN √
Schlumberger RST √ √ √ √
Weatherford CRE √ √ √ √
28
Noise Log Applications
Noise Log Applications

 Determine producing zone
 Determine production /injection profile
 Channeling behind casing
 Locating leakage point of wellbore
 Packer inspection
 Estimated production
Detection depth:2-3m
29
Spectral Noise Physics
TBG, Channels Large Tight
Valves Perforation Fractures
CSG Faults Pores Formations
1 3 10 20 30
kHz

Type of cement logs
No Log Full name Company

1 CBL Cement Bond Log Many companies
2 SBT Segmented Bond Tool Backer Hughes
3 URS Ultra sonic redial scanner Weatherford

SBT Slim Sector Bond tool
4 RIB Radius Incremented Bond AWALCO
5 RBT Radial Bond Too Halliburton
6 CAST Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool Halliburton
7 USI Ultrasonic Image Schlumberger
8 SCMT Slim Cement Mapping Tool Schlumberger

Possible problems due to poor cement !!!
‫؟؟؟‬ 1 Channel flow behind casing
2 high pressure in annulus
3 Casing deformation
4 Water injection problem
32
(1) Channel flow behind casing:
Channel flow behind casing:

Failed primary cementing can connect water- OIL
bearing zones to the pay zone (below
middle). These channels allow water to flow Poor cement
behind casing in the annulus. A secondary
cause is the creation of a ‘void’ behind the
casing as sand is produced. water
33
(2) high pressure in annulus
Poor cement
high pressure in annulus because poor
cement
34
(3) Casing Deformation
35
(4) Water injection problem
Coolin
g
28%
38%
8%
80% 25%
20%
1%
Channeling
36
Casing inspection log
Casing inspection is an important survey at all operation

stages of the well. Holes in tubing or casing caused by
corrosion or other damages can seriously affect production
rates and fluid composition, resulting in economic loss.
Casing inspection is carried out:
 to monitor the casing/tubing integrity;

 to identify casing splits, defects, metal loss and corrosion
area;
 quality control of the well intervention operations
(workover).
Casing inspection log is an individual measurement, or a combination of measurements using

acoustic, electrical and mechanical techniques, to evaluate the casing integrity.
37
Type of casing inspection log
(MIT ) (USI) (ETT)

Multi – Finger Imaging tool Ultrasonic Image Electromagnetic Thickness Tool
measurement of the
thickness of a casing string even
while the tool itself is inside tubing.
38
MIT= multi – Finger imaging tool
Red Color is Casing damage ,

Casing damage
perforation , CCL
MIT section profile

MIT 3D-view

Example 1 : MIT-casing corrosion
GR Casing damage
CCL

Example 2: MIT ( 40F) ( casing deformation )
9 5/8” casing
GR
CCL
Casing deformation

3-Tracer
3 Tracers
‫معتدل‬ ‫يقسم الى‬
42
Agenda
6. Case study
43
2-Reasons for water
Simple Complex
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Completion Change
Production Change
Casing , tubing Moving OWC Water injection through Water coning to Water coning to the
or packer leak Natural fracture Drilling change to horizontal
Bottom perforation Whole perforation zone
Fluids or chemical methods
Mechanical methods
Channeling flow Water-out layer Water zone through Water-out layer with
Heterogeneity of water
Behind casing Without crossflow Natural fracture crossflow
displacement
44
1-Mechanical methods
2-Fulid and Chemical Methods
3-Production optimization methods
4-Advance methods ( ICD , AICD , ICV)
45
Many method using for water shut-off can do it rig less operation or by work-over rig :
through tubing bridge plug
cement plug
Bridge plug
Blank pipe with two packers

WSO
gel squeeze
polymer squeeze
ICD , ICV , AICD

46
‫استباقية‬
‫رد فعل‬
47
48
49
Bridge
cement plug Bridge plug

50
Straddle packer Blank pipe with two packers

51
4.Advance Water shut-off (WSO) techniques
Advance Water control using ICD in vertical and horizontal well
( ICD)-vertical well ( ICD)-Horizontal well 52

4.Advance Water shut-off (WSO) techniques
Water control using ICD horizontal well
53
Agenda
6. Case study
54
About Authorized
Name: Abbas Radhi Abbas ‫عباس راضي عباس‬
Position: Chief Engineer / petroleum Engineer ‫مهندس نفط‬
Nationality: Iraq- Missan ‫العراق ميسان‬
Date of Birth: 1978
Gender: Male
Education Background:
Period Education description
1996-2001 University of Bagdad – college of Engineering – petroleum engineering department- (BSc)
Certificates of Appreciation
15 Certificates of Appreciation from difrent international companies such as (Schlumberger-Halliburton, Weatherford , CNOOC , COSL ,
BHDC )
24 online webinar for SPE , 2 papers ,
Work Experience : in Missan Oil Company ( MOC)
Period Work description
(2004-2006) reservoir engineer ‫مهندس مكامن‬
(2006-2010 ) water injection engineer ‫مهندس حقن ماء‬
during (2011) drilling and workover engineer ‫مهندس حفر واستصالح‬
(2011 to 2024 ) petrophysics manager in Reservoir department ‫مدير البتروفيزياء‬
Language:
Mother language: Arabic
Second language/level: English/Fluent oral and written in English. 56

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Lecture No : 25

‫عباس راضي عباس‬

1- introduction to analysis well problems

2- Objective of water solutions

3. Reasons for water

4. How Diagnostics water problem

5.Water shut-off (WSO) techniques

Production History Workover History

Study: Well History

Study : Offset Well Performance Study : Well Completion Characteristics

PLT ?? Well Tests ??

Need special Surveys ??

Well Problem Reservoir data

Workover monitoring and

1.Rig Operation 2.Rigless Operation

1- introduction to analysis well problems

2- Objective of water solutions

3. Reasons for water

4. How Diagnostics water problem

5.Water shut-off (WSO) techniques

Economic Limit for Water Production

Reduce water Environment

Increase Recoverable Reserves

Economic WOR limit

Cumulative oil bbl

1- introduction to analysis well problems

2- Objective of water solutions

3. Reasons for water

4. How Diagnostics water problem

5.Water shut-off (WSO) techniques

Channeling flow Water-out layer Heterogeneity of water Water-out layer with

1- introduction to analysis well problems

2- Objective of water solutions

3. Reasons for water

4. How Diagnostics water problem

5.Water shut-off (WSO) techniques

1-PLT 2-Saturation logs

3-Cement logs 4-Casing inspection logs

1. MIT : Multi – Finger Imaging tool

5-Noise log 6-CHFR

Evaluate completion performance

Monitor reservoir performance & variations

Diagnose well problems

Water 2.Tubing leaks

1. Well Select: Y-Tool

 Well productivity ( low , medium , high ) ?

2.In well site before run PLT :

Application Of Saturation logs

1. Formation evaluation behind casing.

Application Of Saturation logs

After many years change the saturation

Some types of saturation logs :

 Thermal Decay Time (TDT)

Note : Limitation in salinity and porosity

Saturation log Modes

Noise Log Applications

 Determine production /injection profile

 Channeling behind casing

 Locating leakage point of wellbore