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Lab 10

This document provides details of Lab 10 for the course EEE121 - Electric Circuits Analysis I. The objectives of the lab are to investigate circuits containing resistors, capacitors, and inductors and observe waveforms using an oscilloscope. Students are asked to analyze the sinusoidal response of an RLC circuit theoretically and experimentally. They assemble the circuit, measure component values, calculate voltages and currents, and compare theoretical and experimental waveforms and phase differences. Post-lab questions address underdamped vs overdamped response, RLC circuit behavior at different frequencies, and the significance of phase in sinusoidal circuit analysis. Performance is assessed based on pre-lab, in-lab results, writing style, and critical analysis.

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aznia shireen
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14 views

Lab 10

This document provides details of Lab 10 for the course EEE121 - Electric Circuits Analysis I. The objectives of the lab are to investigate circuits containing resistors, capacitors, and inductors and observe waveforms using an oscilloscope. Students are asked to analyze the sinusoidal response of an RLC circuit theoretically and experimentally. They assemble the circuit, measure component values, calculate voltages and currents, and compare theoretical and experimental waveforms and phase differences. Post-lab questions address underdamped vs overdamped response, RLC circuit behavior at different frequencies, and the significance of phase in sinusoidal circuit analysis. Performance is assessed based on pre-lab, in-lab results, writing style, and critical analysis.

Uploaded by

aznia shireen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE121 - Electric Circuits Analysis I

LAB ASSESSMENT
In- Post Lab Total
Lab
Data Data Writing Style
Presentation Analysis

Lab 10: To analyze the sinusoidal response of


RLC Circuit out of course
Pre Lab
Calculation of Square Wave response of RLC Circuit
I. Assemble the circuit shown in Figure 2 on the breadboard.With
values R= 220Ω, C= 3.3uH, L= 5mH and f = 20 kHz, observe
the waveform when the output is taken across the resistor.
You will use the function generator to provide a square wave
a.c voltage of 6V peak to peak, and the oscilloscope to
measure the output. Figure 1
II. Sketch the waveform you observed on the oscilloscope on the
graph given.
III. Simulate your circuit in Ltpice, select New Simulation and select Bias Point (Transient) Analysis
in the simulation menu. Run to simulation to a 100ms. To provide a square wave at the input use the
VPULSEpart from the part menu. Set the values as shown in figure 12.5. Save your simulation on the
desktop.
τ and T1/2
The product of the resistance and capacitance, RC, governs the time scale with which Figure 2 the
changes take place. For this reason, it is called the time constant, which we call τ (tau). It can be found indirectly by
measuring the time required for the voltage to fall to Vo/2 (see Figure below). This time interval is called the half-life,
T1/2 , and is given by the equation T1/2 = (ln2)τ, soτ = T1/2 /ln2 = T1/2 /(0.693).

TECHNIQUE FOR FINDING HALF-LIFE


Here is a method for finding T1/2.

 Change oscilloscope gain (volts/cm) and sweep rate (ms/cm) until you have a
large pattern on the screen. Make sure the sweep speed is in the “calibrated”
position so the time can be read off the x-axis.
 Center the pattern on the screen so that the horizontal axis is in the center of the Figure 3
pattern. That is, so that the waveform extends equal distances above and below the axis.
 Move the waveform to the right until the start of the discharge of the capacitor is on the vertical axis
(Figure 6b). You may find it helpful to expand, or magnify, the trace. The
sweep time is now a factor of five or ten faster than indicated on the dial. Ask
your instructor for details.
 The half-life, T1/2 is just the distance shown in the Figure below.

Figure 4

Figure 5

In Lab
Objective
 To investigate the behavior of circuits containing combinations of resistors, capacitors and inductors
 To observe the resultant waveforms using an oscilloscope
 Measure T1/2 and τ of the RLC circuits
Equipment
The equipment to be used is listed below; however, the students are
advised to also consult the user manuals for each piece of equipment.

Digital multi-meter (DMM), Dual channel oscilloscope, Function


generator, LCR Meter, Breadboard, Resistors: 200, Capacitor:2.2F,
Inductor: 5mH
Performance:
Calculation of Sinusoidal Response of RLC Circuit Figure 6
Part - 1 Theoretical Analysis
Task 1.Using the LCR, measure the actual values of the circuit elements:
R = ________________, L = _______________, C = __________________

Task 2.For f = 30kHz, calculate circuit current Is, and element voltages VR, VL and VC.
2.1. ω = 2f = ________________________
2.2. R = ZR= ________________________
2.3. XL = ZL = jωL ________________________ = _______________
2.4. XC = ZC = 1/jωC ______________________ = _______________
2.5. R+J (XL - XC) = Zin = ZR + ZL + ZC = ________________________ = ______
Task 3.For V = 1/0o volts
3.1. IS = V/Zin = _____________/________________ = ______________________
3.2. VR = IS x ZR = ____________________________= ______________________
3.3. VL = IS x ZL = ___________________________ = ______________________
3.4. VC = IS x ZC = ___________________________ = ______________________

Part -2 Practical Measurement


Task 4.Using the breadboard, connect the circuit elements ensuring that no connection is loose. Connect Ch
1 of the oscilloscope across the circuit input (i.e., function generator)
4.1. Using the oscilloscope, ensure that the source output is 1V amplitude (2VP-P) at 30 Khz.
4.2. Using multimeter, measure the source voltage. Note that the multimeter reads rms voltage = 1/1.414
= 0.707 volts.
4.3. Connect Ch 2 of the oscilloscope across the resistor and select “alt” on the display selection. Make
the appropriate selections for voltage and time scales.
4.4. Measure the amplitude of VR = _______. Measure VR, rms = ___________ using multimeter.
4.5. Now measure the horizontal distance between the two waveforms. It is best to observe the
difference at the zero crossing of both signals. You need to ensure that the x-axis of both signals
accurately overlaps. This can be done by selecting GND on both channels and adjusting the up-
down knobs.
4.6. Calculate the phase difference between the two signals.
4.7. Phase angle = (measured distance / Time period) x 360o = _______________ =
_________________
4.8. Calculate circuit current I = VR/ZR = __________/_________=_____________
4.9. Measure VL = ____________ Phase angle = _____________ = ___________
4.10. Measure VC = ____________ Phase Angle = _______________ = _________

Post Lab
Questions:
1) What is the difference between underdamped and overdamped response?
Ans: An underdamped system will oscillate through the equilibrium position. An overdamped system moves more
slowly toward equilibrium than one that is critically damped. Underdamped: A door, when swung open, returns to its
home position after a few oscillations. Overdamped: A door, when swung open, returns to its home position
WITHOUT any oscillations very SLOWLY. Critically Damped: A door, when swung open, returns to its home
position WITHOUT any oscillations QUICKLY.
2) What is the behavior of RLC circuit at low frequencies and at high frequencies?
Ans: Impedances: RLC in Series () The RL circuit driven by an EMF of given amplitude produces a high-
amplitude current at low frequencies and a low-amplitude current at high frequencies. The opposite is the case for the
RC circuit. At its resonant frequency, the total impedance of a series RLC circuit is at its minimum. It also means
that the current will peak at the resonant frequency as both inductor and capacitor appear as a short circuit. Frequency
response of a series RLC circuit.

3) What is the significance of phase in sinusoidal circuit analysis?


Ans: The phase angle of a sine wave can be used to describe the relationship of one sine wave to another by using the
terms “Leading” and “Lagging” to indicate the relationship between two sinusoidal waveforms of the same frequency,
plotted onto the same reference axis.

Critical Analysis / Conclusion

Lab Assessment

Pre Lab /5

Performance /5
/25
Results /5

Viva /5

Critical Analysis /5

Instructor Signature and Comments

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