Speaking of 100G

Why choose 100G?

How did 100G come about?
1. Ultra-large pipes provide broader bandwidth for new and IP-based services.
2. Efficient transmission of SDH, OTUk, Ethernet, FC, and other services.
3. Seamless network upgrades with hybrid 10G, 40G, and 100G service transmission.
4. Scaled deployment at the backbone network core layer, MAN core and aggregation layers, and on LANs.
5. Low power consumption and eco-friendly operation with advanced chip technology.
6. Simplified network structure and O&M as coherent detection and DSP echnology make
dispersion-compensatory and low-PMD fibers unnecessary.

What is 100G?
Optical communications have evolved from 2.5G to 100G. The 100G system integrates new 10G/40G-based
technologies to accelerate the line rate to beyond 100 Gbit/s with better performance and large-capacity
expansion.

New technologies The 100G system

Accelerated 100 Gbit/s line rate;
Performance equal to or exceeding
on a 10G/40G system foundation 10G/40G predecessor;
Large-capacity expansion supported

Core 100G technologies

The key performance indicators of an optical transmission system include OSNR, CD, and PMD
tolerances, as well as resistance against nonlinear fiber effects. The 100G system uses new technologies
to increase the line rate to 100 Gbit/s, while reducing OSNR requirements and nonlinear fiber effects and
improving the CD tolerance, PMD tolerance, and transmission distance. Discover how these new
technologies work together.
11
 An optical or electrical component rate cannot directly
reach 100 Gbit/s because of:

stringent requirements on the working bandwidth

and manufacturing process of these components.

potential difficulties in signal loss and power

consumption.

The goal:
increase the line rate to 100 Gbit/s. The
obstacles A 100G system must support a 50 GHz channel
spacing.

An optical signal's spectrum width must be less

than the frequency spacing between WDM
channels. This prevents optical spectrum
overlapping and service flow interference, which
causes bit errors and system penalties.

---------------------------------------
New technologies solve these issues.

QPSK PDM modulation at the transmit end

The line rate can reach 100 Gbit/s

only with:
polarization splitting on receive end signals
improved CD tolerance
improved PMD tolerance
This modulation reduces the spectrum width by decreasing the baud rate and achieves the 100 Gbit/s
line rate.

PDM actually modulates an optical signal in two polarization directions. This processing effectively
divides data into two, halving the baud rate. One phase in QPSK represents two bits, as also effectively
dividing data into two. QPSK-PDM modulation decreases the baud rate from 112 Gbit/s to 28 Gbit/s in a
sample 100G system with 7% FEC overheads. Current optical and electrical components are therefore
usable in a 100G or WDM system with a 50 GHz channel spacing.

This solution addresses the line rate issue and lowers demand on the system OSNR. Coherent
detection and DSP technologies are now needed at the receive end to restore the transmitted signals.

12
 Coherent detection DSP technologies at
the receive end
implement signal polarization splitting
But that's not the only improvement.
improve OSNR sensitivity.
increase receiver sensitivity.
compensate for CD and PMD tolerances

SDFEC/SDFEC2
obtains a higher coding gain
lowers OSNR requirements
satisfies long-haul transmission requirements

DSP at the transmit end

The spectrum distribution of electrical signals at the transmit end is adjusted to reduce the spectrum
widthand linear crosstalk. This technology enhances resistance to nonlinear fiber effects.

Flexible grid
makes the spectrum adjustable
compatible with the exsting fixed spectrum

Flexible grid divides the optical spectrum into multiple slices. 322 slices would each have a 12.5
GHz spectrum width. These slices can be flexibly allocated to match different signal bandwidths. This
technology can be used for both 40-channel and 80-channel systems.

It can also increase spectrum utilization and serves as the optical-layer platform technology for
beyond 100G.

13
 7 Standards

ITU-T

Standards related to ASON architecture and requirements are defined by ITU-T.

• G .8080 ASON Architecture • G .7712 DCN • G .7713 Signaling
• G .7714 Automatic discovery • G .7715 Routing
• G .7716 Control plane operations • G .7718 ASON management

IETF

Standards related to GMPLS, such as LMP, OSPF-TE and RSVP-TE, are defined by IETF.
• RFC 3945 GMPLS framework • RFC 4655 PCE Architecture
• RFC 3200 RSVP-TE • RFC 4872 E2E P&R
• RFC 3471/RFC 3473 RSVP-TE for GMPLS • RFC 4920 Crankback extension for RSVP-TE
• RFC 3477 Unnumbered link • RFC 5088 OSPF PCE Discovery
• RFC 3630 OSPF-TE • RFC 5440 PCEP
• RFC 4202 Routing extension for GMPLS • RFC 5493 Requirements for the conversion between PC & SPC
• RFC 4203 OSPF extension for GMPLS • RFC 5557 Global concurrent optimization
• RFC 4204 LMP • RFC 6163 WSON Framework
• RFC 4207 LMP extension for SDH • RFC 6205 Generalized labels for lambda-switch
• RFC 4328 GMPLS extension for OTN • RFC 6566 WSON framework with impairments
• RFC 4606 GMPLS extension for SDH • RFC 7025 Requirements for GMPLS Applications of PCE

Huawei’s OTN Products (ASON supported) OptiX OSN 9800

U32 U64
OptiX OSN 8800

OptiX OSN 6800 T32 T64

T16 U16
UPS UPS

Ack Acknowledgement OCC Optical Connection Control SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
APP Application ODUk Optical Channel Data Unit-k SNCP Subnetwork Connection Protection
ASON Automatically Switched Optical Network OSNR Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio SPC Soft Permanent Connection
CCI Connect and Control Interface OSPF Open Shortest Path First SPM Self Phase Modulation
CD Chromatic Dispersion OTN Optical Transport Network TDM Time Division Multiplexing
Acronyms

CP Control Plane OTUk Optical Channel Transport Unit-k TE Traffic Engineering

E2E End-to-End P&R Protection and Restoration T-SDN Transport-Software Defined Networking
E-NNI External-Network Network Interface PC Permanent Connection UNI User Network Interface
FIU Fiber Interface Unit PCE Path Computation Element VC Virtual Container
FWM Four-wave Mixing PCEP Path Computation Element Protocol WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
GMPLS Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching PKT Packet WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Network
LMP Link Management Protocol PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion WSS Wavelength Selective Switching
LSP Label Switched Path Resv Resource Reservation XPM Cross-phase Modulation
NBI Northbound Interface ROADM Reconfiguration Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
NMI Network Management Interface RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering
NMS Network Management System SLA Service Level Agreement

22
 Huawei WDM/OTN
Product Family
——Product Family Overview

Typical Position
Huawei WDM/OTN products build MS-OTN networks at the edge/access, metro/convergence, and backbone
transmission layers.
Edge/Access Metro/Convergence Backbone
OSN 8800 T32 OSN 8800 T64

OSN 1800 II
OSN 1800 V
OSN 1800 I

OSN 9800 U32 OSN 9800 U64

OSN 1800 II

OSN 9800 U16 OSN 9800 U32

OSN 1800 I/II/V OSN 8800 T16/T32/T64 OSN 9800 U16/U32/U64

Cross-connect capacity: 700G (OSN 1800 V) Cross-connect capacity: 1.6/3.2/6.4T Cross-connect capacity: 5.6/12.8/25.6T
60G (Packet OSN 1800 II)
Service slots: 16/32/64 Service slots: 14/32/64
Service slots: 3/7/15
Line rate: 10/100G Line rate: 10/40/100G Line rate: 100/200/400G

Typical Application
OTN+PTN Networking MBB Scenario
Powerful IP service access, convergence, and scheduling Concurrent 2G, 3G, and LTE service bearing for faster,
capabilities enable metro transmission networks to become cheaper deployment.
unified, integrated, and flattened

CMNET
IP Private MME/S-GW
Network
NodeB eNB

M-CR AR eNB
10GE 10GE

Backbone OTN

BTS
Convergence RNC
PTN MS-OTN
GE/10GE GE/10GE
OLT GE/10GE OLT BSC
OLT E2E LSP

32
 Leased Line Scenario
C-RAN Bearer Solution Various types and rates of leased line services carried
reliably, safely, and flexibly over high bandwidth at low cost.
CPRI Xpress Centralized BBU deployment
H-MSTP H-MSTP

Mini OTN
CPRI 1.25G~10G bit/s
RRU E-band
Cloud BB Core
DSLAM MS-OTN
IP/MPLS
Centralized BBU deployment = Lower TCO + Better performance

MS-OTN Unified Transmission

Multiple service types are processed simultaneously for unified switching on the MS-OTN network,resulting in
large-capacity, long-haul, and intelligent transmission.

FE/GE
ETH tributary card PKT ODUK
10/40/100GE

FC100/200/400/800/1200 PKT
OTN tributary card ODUK OTM-N
FICON/FICON4G/8G/10G VC ODU
OTU1/2(e)/3/4
VC ODUK
STM-1/4/16/64/256 TDM tributary card
Switch Line card

Multi-service reception Unified switching platform Smooth capacity adjustment

100G and 100G+

As mobile networks advance towards Long Term Evolution (LTE), intelligent terminals are widely used, and new
services, such as IPTV, VoD, and cloud computing, are increasing rapidly, the transmission capacities of legacy
networks have to be improved. The equipment supports high-speed transmission with the use of advanced modula-
tion formats like ePDM-16QAM and ePDM-QPSK, and coherent detection technologies. It provides large-capacity
coherent solutions, offering ultra-large bandwidth (400G, 200G, 100G).
100Gbit/s M M 100Gbit/s N
T N T
U U
X X
200Gbit/s /
Client-side
T N / 200Gbit/s N T Client-side
Services D D Services
M M 400Gbit/s
400Gbit/s U
T N U N T
X ：Coherent Board X

ePDM-16QAM/ePDM+QPSK Coherent detection Transmission distance Hybrid optical amplifier

modulation 90° SD FEC
RAU
Hybrid
HD FEC
Laser PIN 20%
90° 7%
Hybrid Raman EDFA
FEC coding gain

Network-Level Protection
Huawei WDM/OTN products provide OTN, OCS, packet and various other multi-layer network-level protection. OTN
network-level protection is shown below. Client 1+1 Protection
Tributary SNCP ODUk SNCP/SW SNCP Tributary SNCP
Intra-Board 1+1 Protection
Optical Line Protection1+1OMS
Line Board Optical Line Protection1+1OTS
Tributary Board Line Board Tributary Board
O O
Tributary Board Line Board OA OA OA OA Line Board Tributary Board
M D
OTU OTU

Major principles of OTN network-level protection: Working signals Protection signals

Client 1+1 Protection ODUk SNCP Protection Intra-Board 1+1 Protection Optical Line Protection
Line Board 1 Line Board 2

O
Tributary Board

OM
T OM OM
U
/OD
/OD /OD
1
F
I
O
OM OM U
Client-side T OM
U /OD Client-side /OD
Client-side /OD
Services 2
Services
OLP Services OTU OLP

33
 Optical-Layer Grooming
The optical-layer scheduling of ROADM boards enables signal transmission over different wavelengths in different directions.
Signals not requiring local add or drop can then be directly transmitted in other directions using ROADM boards.
N E

Any Services
OTU OTU

OTU OTU
W S
N W E S Passing through Optical cross-connecting

Colorless, directionless, contentionless, and gridless technologies provide dynamic optical-layer service scheduling and
flexible optical spectra allocation, for efficient bandwidth usage.
Colorless Directionless Contentionless Gridless
Any wavelength can be Local service-carrying Same local wavelengths can Flexible grid technology for bandwidth
transmitted on any port wavelengths can be sent in be simultaneously transmitted scheduling allocates different bandwidth
any direction in various directions resources to each service, improving
N N frequency spectrum usage and meeting
N
future adaptability requirements of the
100+G era.
W E W E Flexible ROADM
W E
50 50 37.5 75
Ghz Ghz Ghz Ghz

100G

100G

200G

400G
Local wavelengths Local wavelengths Local wavelengths wavelengths

Automatic Optical Power Management

ALS OTU A OTU B ALC Fault causes
optical power
Automatic adjustment
restores normal optical
Laser off Laser off decrease. power
Fault RX OUT IN RX
ALC
Fault
OTU A OTU B OLA OLA OLA
Laser off
RX OUT Fault IN RX APE
OTM Inter-NE
OADM OLA
communication
TX-end channel RX-end
adjustment node adjustment node
NE A IPA NE B
Adjusts Instructed to Instructs optical Checks
channel adjust power channel
Raman
Fault OA
optical power optical power adjustment optical power

AGC Gain=M dB Gain unchanged

Input optical power
changed OA
Raman
OA
Fault Gain unchanged

Wavelengths added
or dropped OA

1588v2 Clock Synchronization

GPS GPS

Time server BITS centralized deployment

Time server Time server BITS centralized deployment,reduce investment and
(main) (backup)
improve efficiency
Backbone
Clock E2E transport
Backbone OTN
E2E 1588V2 transmission capacity,OLA site without
latency

Metro
Metro Metro
1588 rapidly deployment
OTN OTN 1588 free latency compensation,solve the problem of
asymmetric fiber link, saving instrument and time
Access Access Access
OTN PTN Access Packet Full scenarios interface
MSTP ring
The OTN network uses OSC or ESC channels to transmit
clock signals with multiple interfaces (GE/10GE and
Site
1PPS+TOD) for the access layer, ensuring IEEE 1588
intercommunication among different vendors.

34
 Optical Doctor & Fiber Doctor
Optical Doctor
Supports automatic monitoring, analysis, commissioning, and optimization of network performance
Online Monitor Fast Fault Diagnosis Auto Optimization
Optimized
OSNR Optical Power commissioning
之前
Before
50%
Before After Now
Center Wavelength/Power/ Real-time warning for Automatically optimize the
OSNR detection poor section poor OCh channel
Commissioning time
Fiber Doctor
Improved
Supports fiber connection status detection, quality detection, and fault location troubleshooting
Online Measurement Auto Maintenance Fast Troubleshooting 之前
Before
60%
Now
Baseline

Current x.xxx km
Troubleshooting time
Online fiber quality Automatic generation
measurement of monitoring data Fiber fault location

ASON
ASON introduces GMPLS control plane to achieve dynamic connection management, automatic discovery, protection &
restoration, and CAPEX & OPEX reduction. ASON

Management Plane NMS

Traditional network NMI
Management
NMS OCC OCC
Plane Control Plane GMPLS
OCC OCC OCC
UNI control E-NNI
Transport Plane
CCI CCI
Transport Plane

UNI E-NNI

T-SDN
Traditional networks are facing issues such as long service deployment cycle, difficult O&M, and low resource utilization.
Software-defined transport networking (T-SDN) aims to make transport networks flexible and programmable by enabling users to define
logical network resources using various APPs. T-SDN reduces O&M costs and adds network values.
Application layer
App
App App

NBIs
Control layer Get instructions Report service status
T-SDN controller
Deliver instructions
Collect network information

SBIs
Physical layer

VIP/DC Flaut VIP/DC

A B

Heavy traffic
Light traffic
The T-SDN controller evaluates networkwide resources to select the optimal path for automatic service delivery.

Huawei WDM/OTN Products

OSN 9800 U16/U32/U64
OSN 1800 I UPS OSN 8800 T16/T32/T64

OSN 1800 II

OSN 6800
OSN 1800 V

Note: This poster provides a general introduction to Huawei WDM/OTN products. For details about product specifications, refer to the product
documentation or contact the local representative office. This poster does not promise any specifications to customers.

35
 MSTP Mainstream Fan Assembly
Replacement Guide

I Fault Confirmation

1. The indicator of a fan assembly is abnormal.

2. A fan stops.
3. A board reports a TEMP_OVER alarm; or the fan assembly reports a FAN_FAIL or
BD_STATUS alarm.

II Preparations Before Replacement

1. Phillips screwdriver
2. ESD gloves
3. Substitute fan assembly

III Replacement Guide (Using OSN 3500 as an example)

Wear an ESD wrist strap and ESD gloves when replacing a fan assembly.
Complete the replacement within 5 minutes.

Check whether the

1 Press the latch on the fan
assembly with your thumb.
2 Remove the fan assembly horizontally
and insert the new fan assembly.
3 replacement is successful.

The procedure for replacing fan assemblies on other MSTP devices is similar to that for OSN 3500.
The difference only exists in the fixing method of the fan assembly.

100
 Loosen the screw to remove the fan Press the latch on the fan assembly to remove it.
assembly.

OSN 580 OSN 1500B OSN 3500 OSN 7500 OSN 550 OSN 2500

Press the latches on both sides of the fan Loosen the screw with a Phillips screwdriver.
assembly to remove it.

OSN 9560 OSN 7500 II OSN 9500

IV Verify the Replacement

1. The indicator of the fan assembly is normal.

2. No gap exists between the fan assembly and the subrack. The screw has been tightened.
The latch resets. The fan rotates normally.
3. The TEMP_OVER alarm reported by the board, or the FAN_FAIL or BD_STATUS alarm reported
by the fan assembly is cleared and no new alarms are reported.

V Quick Reference for Indicator Normal Status

OSN 550/580/9560 The FAN indicator is steady green.

OSN 2500/3500/7500 The indicator is steady green.

OSN 7500 II The FAN indicator is steady green or orange.

The RUN indicator is steady green.

OSN 1500/9500
The ALM indicator is off.

101