SEMINAR REPORT

ON

HOME AUTOMATION
BY

Jones G. Christian

T.E. (Instrumentation and Control)

(3802)

2006-2007

D.Y.Patil College of Engineering

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D.Y. Patil College of Engineering

Akurdi Pune- 44

Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

Mr. Jones G. Christian

Of third year Instrumentation and Control Engineering

Has successfully delivered the seminar on

HOME AUTOMATION

Towards partial fulfillment of the

Course in TE Instrumentation and Control Engineering in

The academic year of 2006-07 as prescribed by the

UNIVERSITY OF PUNE

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 HOME AUTOMATION

ABSTRACT

Automation in the simplest of terms means ‘to auto’ thus avoiding manual interface with the
machine or in simpler words ‘control without direct interference’. The second important part of
this paper is Home the place where human beings dwell. With advancements in time and
technology automation plays an important role in the home environment .homes have now
(potentially)become the places where a progressive interaction say from libraries to museums
,hospitals to shops takes place and people receive a number of services . modern automation thus
provides for new architectures and components which on home implementation go for highly
personalized services at an affordable rate .Automation market also has the potential to become a
parallel runner to the professional market provided necessary technological advances and input
of infra structure takes place .the broad aspect of home automation includes man-machine
interface issues ,energy usage and task planning and management , non-intrusive automation
systems ,privacy issues ,safety protocols coupled with telecommuting and paradigms of a
changing environment.
Taking into widespread domains of home automation the paper aims to cover the
paper aims to cover the following points-
• Energy usage and task management for proper coordination of daily chores .
• Friendly multimodal home interfaces which are ‘intelligent’.
• Non-intrusive systems which go for context awareness and are prepared for ‘surprises’.
• Proper sensor recognition especially using wireless protocols.
• Active furniture.
• Privacy, security and safety.
So how about an automated home with intelligent beds, autonomous coffee
tables, and an ‘arm-equipped kitchen’ with protection against breaking and intrusions and
care of the elderly.

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 Thus the adage ‘home sweet home’ now will change to “home sweet
automated home”.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION.
2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF HOME AUTOMATION.
 THE PHYSICAL LAYER
 DATALINK LAYER
 APPLICATION LAYER
 NETWORK TRANSPORTATION & SESSION LAYER
3. SECURITY AT THE AUTOMATED HOME
4. MODES OF SECCURITY SYSTEMS
 ALARMS AS SECURITY SYSTEMS
 CCTV SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
5. ADDITIONAL FEATURE OF SECURITY CONSOLE 2200
6. HEALTH AT A SMART HOME
7. UTILITIES FOR A SMART HOME
 MESSAGE CONTROLLER
 TELEPHONE SECURITY INTERCOM
 TEMPERATUR SENSOR
8. APPLICATIONS
9. FUTURE ASPECTS OF HOME AUTOMATION.
10. ADVANDATES & DISADVANTAGES OF HOME AUTOMATION
11. CONCLUSION.
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

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 1. INTRODUCTION

The sole aim of this paper is to reflect upon issues, raise questions and
finally attempt to come at a tangible solution that home automation raises for researchers of
information and communication technologies. Intelligent homes are a vision of “home of
the future” as well as a related, though not identical of home control products .so it becomes
essentially important to trajectorise this technological interaction thereby providing
resurrected images. It also deals with people’s reactions to both the vision and product
formulation and everyday implications of these technologies.
The earliest developments of these technological prototypes taken back to
the 1960’s and the 70’s but it has not been a runaway box-office hit. It has been a nascent
industry with but few companies willing to spend technological know-how on the field .
Some of the very specific applications include complex management electricity loads to
benefit from multiple tariffs , generally unfamiliar to the public . The ‘automatic home’ is
something seen in sci-fi movies resembling a Starship ENTERPRISE .The ‘butler in the box’
devices such as voice recognition systems provide a further impetus to home automation.
Home automation can also be thought of as a logical consequence to the today’s ‘just-in-time
mentality’ coupled with convenience, cost saving, security as the other prime de facto.
Home automation thus signifies a ‘technology for living in’ which provokes speculation
about home and life styles.
The later pages of these papers continue in the same vein set forth by the
introduction as it automatically explores various aspects of home automation such as
technological aspects, security, lighting ,electrical appliances , multi utilities , future trends ,
applications and finally conjure up on a simple case study concluded by the epilogue.

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Home automation system aims at comfortable and safe environment by controlling various
equipments in house.
It provides convenience through controlling automatically at home ,for example, with remote
controller we can control automatically TV, on/off, status, brightness of light, gas valve and
detect and alert gas leakage or keep proper temperature/humidity,
ZigBee can be used efficiently to control home automation system with wireless
communication. ZigBee is IEEE 802.15.4 protocol with low power consumption and low
data rate and may provide expense saving effect comparing with legacy wired/wireless
network system.

General Design of Home Automation System:

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 3.TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF HOME AUTOMATION

It is generally assumed that home automation extols the wonders of home control such as
it will be a panacea for stoves left on, groping in the dark for light switches, high heating
bills without going skin deep into the various technicalities involved. The laggardly
approach towards home automation resulted in construction of numerous stand alone
devices without providing anything that is compatible and affordable to the typical
homeowner .A particular standard to unify all appliances so that ‘consumer economics’
becomes easy to deal with.

The EIA (ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE) developed the Consumer

Electronic Bus (CEBus) along with major players like Sony, Philips ,AT&T, Panasonic,
Texas , Mitsubishi, RCA, for a proper standardization of home appliances.

The CEBus facilitates communication between home automation devices and appliances
with a view to reduce the jungle of hand held remotes by infra red controllers.

CEBus has five primary goals:

 It would be retrofittable.
 It would use distributed intelligence.
 It would be non –product specific.
 Have an open architecture.
 Finally it would be expandable.

CEBus isn’t actually a bus but a network specification which follows the seven layer
network model lay down by the ISO and comprises of physical, network, transport,
session, datalink and application layers. There exists a well defined network through
which the layers communicate with each other.

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  THE PHYSICAL LAYER
This is the lowest layer and it is the place where all the CEBus strengths lie embedded
within. All the different media are present in the physical layer specification and all the
layers above the physical layer are specification independent.

The CEBus specifies six media to carry the signal generated information as part of its
specification programme. They are :
• PLBus (power line bus)
• SRBus (single room bus)
• RFBus (radio frequency bus)
• TPBus (twisted pair bus)
• FOBus (fibre optic bus)
The last three are together referred to as the WIRED BUS.

• DATA LINK LAYER

After the physical layer comes the data link layer responsible for the provision of clean
channel of communication for higher levels. The prerequisites of the data link layer are:
 Collision handling
 Detection and resolution
 Packet acknowledgement
 Packet reconstruction
The above mentioned four aspects are handled using CSMA (Carrier sense. Multiple
access) and with CDCR (Collision detection and multiple resolution).
Packets are signals of information transmitted via various nodes interconnected to each
other. since there is always a possibility that two nodes will transmit information at the

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same time and the information collision takes place. As it is best to avoid to avoid such a
situation collision prevention is tried first .

 APPLICATION LAYER

The final layer responsible for end user visibility. In CEBus the highest
level defined it is not visible to the user because the operation is more or less part of
the functionality embedded within. so the end user can be said to see the programmers
sight .for avoiding discrepancy EIA gives CAL (common application language) for
intelligent device communication.

A prelude to the CAL is the Application Protocol Data Unit i.e. the
APDU made up of 3810 bytes but it only gives the information of the first two bytes
as mode information and type identifier. The mode information specifies the service
class, header type, and data type length for the command which follows. The type
identifier determines whether command is implicit or explicit and also determines
response codes for an explicit command..
Finally the Common Application Service Elements decide what the final
outcome should be. CASE enables us to create any commands and do whatever
function is pleased.

 NETWORK LAYER
The network layer is primary responsible for determining which media are to receive
the packets of information signals and also deals with the breaking apart of packets
which exceed the normal 32- byte limit.

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  TRANSPORT, SESSION AND PRESENTATION LAYERS
The ISO layer 7 network model was designed to be useful in just about any application
, so some extra ‘fat’ would be there that needs to be trimmed while implementing
applications which do not require all facilitations and segmentations defined in the
model. The function of transport session and presentation layer are handled by
application, network, and data link layer in the CEBus.

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 2. SECURITY AT THE AUTOMATED HOME

The forthcoming pages of this paper concern themselves with the effectiveness
of electronic security systems in our homes, businesses and law enforcements.With
regard to smart security it I widely acknowledged that “professionally installed and
monitored alarm systems are useful instruments to deter crime and provide peace of
mind for residential and business owners”. A home security system is acknowledged by
insurance companies as effective, necessary and beneficial.
There are many instances where home security systems are a boon for
residents and businessmen. These sophisticated electronic security systems pay for
themselves by a drastic reduction of vandalism and crime.yet another aspect which
comes into light is that it has reduced lawsuits more than property losses.

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 3. MODES OF SECURITY SYSTEMS

 Alarms as security systems

 CCTV surveillance systems.

1. ALARMS AS SECURITY SYSTEMS:

THE mantra is “show me the yard sign”. Alarm systems are single most
effective measure to reduce probability of burglary.
It is a generally observed trend that:
• Expensive homes are more likely to be burgled than non detached homes.
• Close proximity to a highway entrance increases a home’s vulnerability to
burglary.

2. CCTV CAMERAS FOR THE ‘SMART SHOP’:

CCTV surveillance at shops has by far been the most effective way for
protection against theft and burglary. The only weakling is the invasion of privacy at
homes.
The security at home has been the most grave concern that it started the
dual income trend after WW -2.
After an insider into the need for security let has have a study on the components
required for a smart home.
A security system which protects homes against intruders and also
operates light and electricity appliances as modules embedded within can be
programmed to be apart of alarm signaling.

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For example - consider the security console system introduced by the Marmitek
Corporation known as Security Console 2200. this base systems can be operated by the
security console of the 2200.
The working of the device can be illustrated as follows: at the alarm
situation the built in telephone voice dialer of 2200 will dial up to 4 preprogrammed
numbers and play the prerecorded alarm message. Anyone picking up the phone at the
other end responds to alarm message by pressing a single digit on that telephone. This
will stop the future dialing on and allows the person who picked up the phone to listen
in protected premises by means of microphone of security console SC2200. Path of
sensors will be reported in a similar way by plays fixed service message.

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 4. Additional feature of security console 2200

 Anti faming circuit detecting radio signals.

 Alarm message recording by the use up to 12sec.
 Silent alarm function.
 Wired sensor input
 Additional sirens and light activation.
The parts of smart system are
 Base station
 Door/window station
 Motion sensors
 Key chain remote controls
 System remote controls
 Lamp module
 Glass break sensor
 Programming telephone numbers
 Jamming detector and panic alarm.
From the study of the example of the security console 2200 it becomes evident that
security system for a smart home is a must and forms an integral part of it.

Diagram of SC2200 by the MARMITEK Corporation

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Thus this phase of the paper stresses on the importance of a security system and also
provides the instruction to do the needful.

5. HEALTH AT A SMART HOME

An aspect of home automation comes out to be home networking which has home
technology as its nearest relative .a home network allows the residence to be connected
to the outside world through a residential gateway that passes information down to the
ISDN or DSL. Home networking allows the home to be fully connected, controlled
externally as well as internally. Thus home networking makes it possible the luxury of
telemedicine and telecare.
Home network allow the devices of smart home to be commented
monitored via external sources for the disabled person home networking allows for
safety and reassurance that a fault developed will be informed to the correct people
through the network.
It gives the much required during to the ill and diseased to retain
the care of hospital within there own home. Thus a person at home can be. Remotely
assessed by medical staff and telemedicine proved for virtual medical service to the
home.

Telecare and Telehealth

In their infancy, designed nosing one off at devices such as blood pressure
and configured to standard system such as smart house or a call system. Relying on the
use of internet of telephone for transferring information from the source to the relief
the doctor.

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Basic Criteria Underline for Health Technology Solution
• Affordability
• Ease of use
• Flexibility
• Functionality and Interactively
• Reliability and maintainability
• Replicable and ease of installation
• Up gradable
Thus health solution needs to be flexible to suit to needs of the occupant. It is
required to be dependable and reliable over a basic set of criteria. This technology at a
smart home is evolving with respect to peoples relationship to technology at home is
changing.

Home Automation For Elderly and Disabled

Home automation is becoming a viable option for the elderly and disabled who would
prefer to stay in the comfort of their home rather than move to a healthcare facility. This
form of home automation focuses on making it possible for the elderly and disabled to
live at home and still be safe and comfortable. This field uses much of the same
technology and equipment as home automation for security, entertainment, and energy
conservation but tailors it towards the elderly and disabled.

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 6. UTILITIES FOR A SMART HOME

Any smart home has various uses friendly utilities which are integrated into the smart
home circuitry and there by provide for a wide range of applications.

Some of these utilities include

 Message controller
 Telephone security Intercom
 3-V temperature sensor

Message controller: - A message controller provides for free annunciation for home
automation system. Owners customize their own announcement to accompany key
events. The voice to EPROM storage retains message without power. Its built in
produce great voice reproduction. Up to 8 nearly 10sec

INTELLA VOICE RECORDER

Announcement easily be recorded the onboard processor monitors the power line
using X- YW523 for key events.

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Telephone security intercom- enables a doorbell to be answered from any telephone.
These are compatible with a commercial or single line phone systems and does not
require a dedicated trunk port to operate .
When the bell is activated by button the phone is picked up by the
occupant and is connected to the door station .compatible with cordless phones is
particularly useful when employees and security people are working alone and respond
flexibility to open doors.

3-v temperature sensors – analog devices introduce a 3-v temp sensor

IC with a voltage output guaranteed accuracy better than 2 degree Celsius and non –
linearity better than 0.5% over 0- 100degree Celsius .

a temp sensor say AD 22103 is ratio metric ,providing for sustained

precision operation as voltage levels decrease . the sensor equipped with on-chip
linearization and signal conditioning thereby eliminating external circuitry cutting
development cost.

Temperature Sensor

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Automated mail box opener

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Tasks:

Audio
This category includes audio switching and distribution. Audio switching determines the
selection of an audio source. Audio distribution allows an audio source to be heard in one
or more rooms. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' audio.

HVAC
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions include temperature and
humidity control.

Intercoms
An intercom system allows communication via a microphone and loud speaker between
multiple rooms.

Lighting
Lighting control systems involves aspects related to controlling electric lights. This
category also typically includes control of exhaust and ceiling fans.

Natural lighting
Natural lighting control involves controlling electric window shades and draperies.
Recent advances include use of RF technology to avoid wiring to switches and
integration with third party home automation systems for centralized control.

Security
Control and integration of security systems. This category also includes control and
distribution of security cameras. See Surveillance.

Video
This includes video switching and distribution, allowing a video source to be viewed on
multiple TVs. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' video.

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Other systems
Using special hardware almost any device electric or electronic can be controlled
automatically or remotely. Including:

pump(s) and heater

Hot tub

Spa

Coffee pot

Pet feeder(s)

Garage Door(s)

Sprinkler System

Greenhouse

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 7. APPLICATIONS

Applications of home automation :

1. GENIO : an ambient intelligence application in home automation and entertainment

environment.
The avatar of GENIO acts as a home assistant as well as combines effectively
with home appliances thereby increasing its sphere of influence at a wide variety of
applications.
Applications of home assistant -
 Speech recognition software.
 An RFID
 Entertainment services.
 Home assistant application.

HOME APPLICATIONS-
 Oven
 Refrigerator
 Washing machine
 Dishwasher
Now as we have discussed avatar let us now make it clear what an avatar is- an icon or a
representation of a user in a shared virtual reality.

 Features - reading e mails

 Checking goods in the refrigerator.
 Shopping list downloaded to a personal digital assistant.
 Effective management of washing machine, dishwasher, oven, boiler.
 Preparing a recipe
 Intelligent plugs.

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 8. FUTURE ASPECTS OF HOME AUTOMATION

The concept of ambient intelligence arises as a need for providing a vision to the future
environments where people are assisted by information technology in all walks of life.
Much different from the computer environment we know today. The envisioned
technology “will weave into fabric of everyday life until it is indistinguishable from it”.
In short we envision the creation of smart environments which integrate information,
communicate and sense technologies into everyday objects to differentiate between
“system oriented, importunate smartness and people oriented ,empowering systems” for
latter achievement where “smart spaces smarten people” the requirements of potential
users who are going to liven the future in intelligent homes. This can especially be said of
service providing systems as their benefits are a post –product of suffice information
from the user.

PRERQUSITES FOR FUTURE ENVIRONMENTS

• Desire to maintain control over their environment and to properly define

responsibilities.
• Responsibility of parents for their children and to control and protect over
information gathered by them.
• Sensitive issues such as interpersonal contact are to be dealt with.
• Reduction of information overload and burden to search for information items.
• Prevention of annoying accidents, adjustments of lights desired ambiences are a
must.

Home automation systems provide many possibilities. In recent years, it can have a speed
of 100 mph and operate twenty hours a day, seven days a week. The home automation
system is a tool for controlling your home devices and communication devices as well.
Home automation systems eliminate tedious tasks which consumes most of the people's
time. It can simplify lives. The future of home innovation will continue to cater the needs
of most people worldwide.

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 Advantages of Home Automation

 User control.

 Value addition.

 Maintenance of home comfort with no subversion.

 Secure, safe and private.

Disadvantages of Home Automation

 It includes laziness as people migrate become incompetent as they do not have

to do anything.

 Low cost effectiveness

Thus this chapter highlights the future automation and enlists the
advantages and disadvantages of home automationInfra –red control (IR control)

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 9. CONCLUSION

As we come to the end of the insight on home automation we find that we

have bygone through all possible nuances of home automation. We have read the
possibilities, implications, aspects, technicalities, modernization, securities, and also the
various marketers which are providing us these services in compliance with the marketing
standards set by CEBus and X-10.

We have also seen the advantages and say a few disadvantages of home
automation and finally conjure up the future trends in home automation. Thus it can
definitely be said that home automation is born of the present and it is the thing for the
future.

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 10.REFERENCES

1) www.smarthome.com x10 and home automation parts

2) www.smarthomeusa.com x10 and home automation parts
3) www.x10pro.com x10 parts
4) www.appdig.com home for ocelot controller and also a touch screen version! User
forums
5) www.worthdist.com distributor for ha parts and accessories
6) www.home-electro.com ir interface units, serial and usb versions
7) www.girder.nl pc control software, user forums
8) www.evation.com ir interface
9) Perry, Tekla. “Home Automation for the Rest of Us”. <http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/>.
IEEE Spectrum. 2007 28 January.

10) Eriksson, Henrik and Timpka, Toomas. (2002). “The potential of smart homes for injury
prevention among the elderly”. Injury Control and Safety Promotion. Vol. 9, No. 2: 127-
131.
11) Cheek, Penny. (2005). “Aging Well With Smart Technology”. Nursing Administration
Quarterly. Vol. 29, No. 4: 329-338

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