Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School
Bayombong

Module 2

Subject Teacher: ACEJ B. ACOSTA

Contact Number: 0917-920-9313
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ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Name of Learner: ______________________________ Grade: _______________

Section: ______________________________________ Date: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Conic Section: Circle

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of conic sections.

Background Information for Learners

Conic sections were discovered between 600 and 300 B.C. during the
classical Greek period. By the beginning of the Alexandrian period, Apollonius
(262–190 B.C.) had learned enough about conics to write an eight-volume work on
the subject.

Conic sections or simply conics are the nondegenerate curves generated by

the intersections of a plane and double-napped cone. A circle is formed by a plane
perpendicular to the cone's axis. The curve created by a plane that is not
perpendicular to the axis and contacts only one nappe is either an ellipse or a
parabola. A hyperbola is a curve formed by a plane intersecting both nappes. When
the plane pass through the vertex, the resulting figure is a degenerate conic.

CONICS

DEGENERATE CONICS
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A circle is the set of all points on a plane at a given distance from a fixed
point. The fixed point is called the center, and the segment from the center to any
point on the circle is called the radius.

Using the distance

formula to the endpoints of a
radius shown in each circle
below, the center-radius
form (or standard form) of
the equation of the circle is
derived.

The general form

of the equation of a circle is
obtained by expanding the
center-radius form of the
equation.

Learning Objectives: To illustrate the center-radius form of the equation of a circle.

: To determine the center and the radius of a circle given its equation and
vice versa.
: To graph and solve problems involving circles on the coordinate plane.

Directions: Study the given illustrative examples and answer the exercises that follow.

Activity 1: My Distance from the Center

Determine the center and the radius of each of the following circles.
Example

Center (𝒙, 𝒚) : (-2, 1)

Radius : 𝟑 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
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1. 3.

Center (𝑥, 𝑦) : (___, ___) Center (𝑥, 𝑦) : (___, ___)

Radius : _______ Radius : _______

2. 4.

Center (𝑥, 𝑦) : (___, ___) Center (𝑥, 𝑦) : (___, ___)

Radius : _______ Radius : _______

Activity 2: My Center-radius Name

Determine the equation of each circle given the center and the radius. Write your answer in
simplified form.
Examples:

1. Center (0, 0) and radius = 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3. Center (2, 3) and radius = 4 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
• 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (2)2 • (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = (4)2
• 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 • (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

2. Center (0, 0) and radius = √2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 4. Center (−1, 5) and radius = 3√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
• 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (√2)2 • [𝑥 − (−1)]2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = (3√2)2

• 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐 • (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = (√18)2

• (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖
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Try!

1. Center (0, 0) and radius = 1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡

2. Center (0, 0) and radius = √3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

3. Center (2, 3) and radius = 5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

4. Center (−4, 3) and radius = 2√3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Guide Questions:
1. From the activity above, what are needed in finding the equation of a circle?
➢

2. What is the center-radius form of the equation of a circle?

➢

3. What do you observe about the form of the equation of any circle whose center is at the
point of origin or (0, 0)?
➢

4. What are the steps in finding the equation of a circle given the center and the radius?
➢

Exercises

A. Determine the center and the radius of each of the following circles. Then, write the center-
radius form of the equation of each circle. (Refer to the activity 1 and activity 2.)
1. 2.

Center : Center :
Radius : Radius :
Equation : Equation :
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3. 5.

Center : Center :
Radius : Radius :
Equation : Equation :

4.

Center :
Radius :
Equation :

B. Write the equation of each circle in center-radius form.

No. Center Radius Equation

1. origin 12

2. (-1, -2) 5

3. (5, -3) 4

4. (0, -6) √10

5. (-4, -5) 5√2

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Activity 3: Square Me Please!

The square of a binomial is equal to the sum of the square of the first term, twice the product
of the first and the second terms, and the square of the second term.

Examples:

1. (𝑥 + 3)2
square the first term double the product of the 2 terms square the second term
(𝑥)2 2(𝑥)(3) (3)2
↓ ↓ ↓
𝑥2 6𝑥 9

Therefore: (𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗

2. (𝑦 − 5)2
square the first term double the product of the 2 terms square the second term
(𝑦)2 2(𝑦)(−5) (−5)2
↓ ↓ ↓
𝑦2 −10𝑦 25

Therefore: (𝒚 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓

Now, are you ready to expand the following? If so, try these:

1. (𝑥 + 4)2 3. (𝑥 − 7)2
1 2
2. (𝑦 + 6)2 4. (𝑦 − 3)
Activity 4: Transform Me to General
Transform the equation of a circle into its general form.
Examples:
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Try also on your own by simply filling-up the missing terms and following the steps correctly.

1. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 49 1 2
2. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 + 2) = 36
(_____ + 6𝑥_____) + (𝑦 2 _____ + 25) = 49 (𝑥 2 _____ + 16) + (𝑦 2 + 𝑦_____) = 36

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 9 + 25_____ = _____ 1

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑦 + 16 + 4 _____ = 0
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 _____ − 𝟏𝟎𝒚_____ = 𝟎
_____(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑦_____ = 0)

_____ + _____ + 𝟑𝟐𝒙_____ − 𝟕𝟗 = 𝟎

Exercises
Write each equation of a circle in general form. Show the process completely.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 121 3. (𝑥 − 8)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 225

2. (𝑥 + 7)2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 4. 1 2 5 2 9
(𝑥 + 4) + (𝑦 − 2) = 16

Activity 5: Complete and Express Me as a Squared Binomial

Give the number to be added to complete the perfect square trinomial. Then, express it as a
square of a binomial.

Examples:
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Try!
1. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + _____  2. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + _____ 
𝑦
 
2
3. 𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 + _____ 4. 𝑦 − 2 + _____

Activity 6: Turn Me Back to Standard

Transform the equation of a circle in general form into its center-radius form.
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Do you already know how to transform the general equation of a circle into its center-radius
form? If so, try the following items. Show the process completely.

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 14 = 0 2. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0

Exercises
Transform the general form of each equation of a circle to center-radius form.
General Form Center-radius Form
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 15 = 0

2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 = 0

3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 28 = 0

4. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 20𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 2 = 0

Activity 7: My Center and My Radius

Determine the center and the radius of each of the following circles.

Examples:
1. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 25 3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 24 = 0
Center : (𝟐, 𝟕) Standard : (𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
Radius : 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 Center : (𝟒, −𝟑)
Radius : 𝟕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

2. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 6)2 = 18 4. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 20𝑥 − 8 = 0

Center : (−𝟑, 𝟔) Standard : (𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗
Radius : 𝟑√𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 Center : (𝟓, 𝟎)
Radius : √𝟐𝟗 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
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Try!
Center Radius
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36

2. (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 − 6)2 = 64

3. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 27

4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 16 = 0

Guide Questions:
1. How did you determine the center and the radius of a circle given the equation in center-
radius form?
➢

2. How did you determine the center and the radius of a circle given the equation in general
form?
➢

3. Is there a shorter or easier way to determine the center and the radius of a circle given
the equation in general form? Explain.
➢

Exercises
A. Find the center and the radius of each of the following circles by matching column A with
column B. Write the letter of your answer on the circle provided.

1. What province celebrates the well-known festival?

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2. Where can you find the tourist spot?

B. Show the complete process of solving the equations from Exercises A that correspond to
your province.
1. 2.

Activity 8: Graph Me Accurately

Graph the circle on a coordinate plane.
Example 1:
Given: Center(−2, −4) and radius = 5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
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Try!
1. 𝐶 (3, 1) ; 𝑟 = 7 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2. 𝐶 (4, −2) ; 𝑟 = 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Example 2:

2(𝑥 − 2)2 + 2(𝑦 − 3)2 = 72

Step 1: Simplify.
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 36
Step 2: Find the center and the radius.
Center :(2,3)
Radius : 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Step 3: Graph the circle.

Try!
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 49 4. 2(𝑥 − 3)2 + 2(𝑦 − 5)2 = 50
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Activity 9: Draw My Circle!

Given the equation in general form, graph the circle on a coordinate plane.
Example:

3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 42𝑥 − 30𝑦 + 195 = 0

Step 1: Simplify.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 14𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 65 = 0
Step 2: Find the center and the radius.
Center :(7, 5)
Radius : 3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Step 3: Graph the circle.

Try!
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 − 40 = 0 2. 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 30𝑥 + 30𝑦 + 75 = 0

Exercises
Determine the place of origin of each of the following epics in the country by simply
determining the graph of each equation. Write your answer on top of the given. Show the
complete process on a separate sheet of paper.

PHILIPPINE EPIC
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PLACE OF ORIGIN
Bicol Region Ifugao Province Mindanao

Sulod in Central Panay Ilocos Region

Activity 10: Know Me Better as a Circle

Box CIRCLE contains equations of circles. Box NOT does not contain any equation a circle –
opposite each equation is a description of each graph and an explanation.

Can you now determine equation of a circle? If so, encircle the letters that define circles.
A. (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 36 C. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4 = 0

B. (𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = −2 D. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2 = 0

Exercises
Identify each of the following equations as CIRCLE or NOT. If NOT, why?
1. (𝑥 − 2√5)2 + (𝑦 + √3)2 = −16 3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 61 = 0

2. 5(𝑥 − 7)2 + 5𝑦 2 = 45
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Activity 11: My Equation Given My Center and Diameter

Find the equation of the circle given its center and its diameter.
Example:

Try! (No need to graph the circle.)

1. …with center (3, 5) and diameter 8 units.

Standard: _________________________ General: _________________________

2. …with center (−6, 4) and diameter 2 units.

Standard: _________________________ General: _________________________

Activity 12: My Equation Given My Center and a Point

Find the equation of a circle given its center and a point on it. Show the process completely.
Example:

What is the equation of the circle with center at (3, 4) and passing through the origin?
Steps Illustrations
𝑟 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
2

𝑟 2 = (0 − 3)2 + (0 − 4)2
𝑟 2 = (3)2 + (4)2
1. Solve the radius of the circle.
𝑟 2 = 9 + 16
𝑟 2 = 25
𝒓 = 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

2. Write the equation in center-radius form. (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

3. Write the equation in general form. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟎

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Try!

Find the equation of circle 𝐶 that passes through point 𝑃.

1. 𝐶(3, 4), 𝑃(−1, 1) 2. 𝐶(−4, −2), 𝑃(1, 0)

Exercises
Answer the following problems. Show the process completely.
1. What is the standard form of the equation of a circle with center at the origin and a diameter
of 10 units?

2. Write the general equation of a circle with center at (−5, −1) and passing through the
origin.

Activity 13: My Equation Using my Endpoints

Find the equation of a circle given the endpoints of each diameter. (Refer to the circle A below.)

To solve the problem, answer the following questions.

1. What do we call 𝐴?

2. What do we call ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶 ? ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵? ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ?

3. What is 𝐵𝐶? 𝐴𝐵 or 𝐴𝐶? (Hint: Use the Distance Formula)

4. How long is the radius of the circle?

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5. What are the coordinates of the center of the circle? (Hint: Use the Midpoint Formula)

6. What is equation of the circle in center-radius form? general form?

Activity 14: It Touches at a Point

Solve the following problems by answering the questions that follow.

Problem 1: Line l is tangent to circle 𝐴 at point 𝐵 and is parallel to the 𝑦-axis as shown in
the illustration. What is the equation of the circle?
a. What are the coordinates of the center of the
circle?

b. What are the coordinates of 𝐵?

c. How long is the radius of the circle?

d. What is equation of the circle in center-radius

form? general form?

Problem 2: Circle 𝐵 is defined by the equation (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 16 and is tangent to

a line at point 𝐶 as shown in the illustration. What is the equation of the line?
a. What are the coordinates of the center of the
circle?

b. What is the slope (m) of the ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶 ?
𝑥 −𝑥
(𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝑚 = 𝑦2 −𝑦2 )
2 2

c. How do we describe ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶 ? (horizontal, vertical or
slanting)

d. What is the relationship between ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶 and line l?

e. How do we describe line l? (horizontal, vertical or slanting)

f. What is the equation of line l?

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Exercises
A. Answer the following problems given the following conditions. Show the process
completely.
1. What is the equation of the circle in center-radius form and general form given (5, −1)
and (−7, −5) as the endpoints of the diameter? (Refer to activity 6.)

2. What is equation of the circle in center-radius form given the center at (−3, 2) and
tangent to the line 𝑥 = 1? (Refer to activity 7 Problem 1.)

3. What is equation of the circle in general form center at (3, 4) and touching the y-axis?
(Refer to activity 7 Problem 1.)

B. Find the equation of the line given the following conditions. Show the process completely.
1. …the equation of a circle is (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 36 and tangent to a line at (5, 2).

2. …the equation of a circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 14 = 0 and tangent to a line at

(−3, −5).
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Activity 15: Am I in, on or off?

Analyze the problem and answer the questions that follow.

The Provincial Disaster and Risk

Reduction Management Committee (PDRRMC)
of Batangas advised the residents living within
the 10 𝑘𝑚 radius critical area to evacuate due to
eminent eruption of the Taal Volcano. The
coordinate plane shows the location of the
volcano and of the residents (A, B, C, D and E).
1. What are the coordinates of the location of
the volcano?

2. According to PDRRMC, how far is the

critical area to be affected by the eruption of
the volcano?

3. What is the equation of the circle based on the critical area to be affected by the volcano?

4. Give the coordinates of the location of each resident.

5. Who among the residents need to evacuate?

Exercises
Answer the following.
The school Wifi router is located at the
administration building and its signal can reach
a radius until the English LRC.
1. What is the equation of the circle that
defines the boundary of the Wifi signal?

2. Is the location of Mathematics LRC within

the service range? Why?

3. Is the location of MAPEH LRC within the

service range? Why?