BIOMOLECULES- ANSWERS OF PAST PAPERS

YEAR 2022
1. (c) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
2. (b) Essential amino acids.
3. (a) Glucose
4. (d) Thymine
5. (c) Nucleotides.
6. (c) Gluconic acid.
7. (d) A : Denatured protein B : Secondary structure
YEAR 2020
1. Glycosidic linkage
It is oxide bond that connect two monosaccharides.
2. (i) Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates those can hydrolyze into more than 10 monosaccharides. Example : Starch, cellulose and glycogen.
(ii) Denatured protein
Protein that lost its biological activities when it is subjected to change in pH or change in temperature is called denatured
protein. Example : Curdling of milk, boiling of egg white (egg albumin)
(iii) Fibrous protein
A tertiary protein which is thread like in shape and insoluble in water is called fibrous protein
Example: Albumin, Insulin.
3. (i) Amylose and Amylopectin
Amylose Amylopectin.
#Longer unbranched chain component of starch made by #Longer branched chain component of starch made by
a-D-Glucose a-D-Glucose
#Chain is made by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage #Chain is made by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage and branch is
made by C1-C6 glycosidic linkage
#Water soluble #Water insoluble
(ii) Globular protein and Fibrous protein
Globular protein Fibrous protein
A tertiary protein which is spherical in shape and A tertiary protein which is thread like in shape and
soluble in water is called globular protein insoluble in water is called fibrous protein
Example: Albumin, Insulin. Example: keratin, myosin.
(iii) Nucleotide and Nucleoside
Nucleotide Nucleoside
It consists of a pentose sugar, nitrogeneous base and phosphoric It consists of a pentose sugar and nitrogeneous base.
acid.
4. Assertion (A) : Two strands in DNA are complementary to each other.
Reason (R): Two strands in DNA held by intermolecular H-bond between specific pairs of bases
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
YEAR 2019
1. Glucose Fructose
An aldose contains aldehyde functional group An ketose contains ketone functional group
Contains 4 chiral centre Contains 3 chiral centre
2. Lactose on hydrolysis gives b-D-galactose and b-D-glucose.
3. (i) Amylose and Amylopectin
Amylose Amylopectin.
#Longer unbranched chain component of starch made by #Longer branched chain component of starch made by
a-D-Glucose a-D-Glucose
#Chain is made by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage #Chain is made by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage and branch is
made by C1-C6 glycosidic linkage
#Water soluble #Water insoluble
(ii) Peptide linkage and Glycosidic linkage
Peptide linkage Glycosidic linkage
It is amide bond that connect two a-aminoacids It is oxide bond that connect two monosaccharides.

(iii) Fibrous proteins and Globular proteins

Globular protein Fibrous protein
A tertiary protein which is spherical in shape and A tertiary protein which is thread like in shape and
soluble in water is called globular protein insoluble in water is called fibrous protein
Example: Albumin, Insulin. Example: keratin, myosin.
4. reactions to show that open structure of D-glucose `
contains
(i) Straight chain (ii) Five alcohol groups
CHO. CH3 CHO. CHO Glucose pentaacetate
, ,
(CHOH)4 HI (CH2)4. Hexane : (CHOH)4 (CH3CO)2O (CHOCOCH3)4.

CH2OH CH3 CH2OH CH2OCOCH3

It is the evidence for the presence of six carbon atoms in It is the evidence for the presence of five OH groups
the straight chain
 (iii) Aldehyde as carbonyl group
CHO. COOH
, (iv) primary alcoholic group
(CHOH)4 Br2/H2O (CHOH)4. GLUCONIC ACID CHO. COOH
,
CH2OH CH2OH (CHOH)4 HNO3 (CHOH)4. Saccharic acid.
It is the evidence for the presence of aldehyde group
CH2OH COOH
It is the evidence for the presence of primary alcoholic group
5

a-D-glucose. ( OH at c1 below the ring)

YEAR 2018
1. (i) Oligosaccharides.
Carbohydrates those can hydrolyze into 2 to 10 monosaccharides.
They are further divided to di-saccharides, tri-saccharides, and so on.
Example : Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are di-saccharides
Raffinose is tri-saccharide.
(ii) Denaturation of protein.
Process in which protein that lost its biological activities when it is subjected to change in pH or change in
temperature is called denaturation of protein. Example : Curdling of milk, boiling of egg white (egg albumin)
(iii). Vitamins
Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required by the body to carry out a range of normal functions
2. (i) with Br2 water gives GLUCONIC ACID `(iii) with NH2OH
CHO. COOH CHO. CH=N-OH OXIME
, ,
(CHOH)4 Br2/H2O (CHOH)4. (CHOH)4 NH2OH (CHOH)4.

CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OCOCH3

(ii) With acetic anhydride gives Glucosepentaacetate (iv) With HI

CHO. CHO CHO. CH3
, ,
(CHOH)4 (CH3CO)2O (CHOCOCH3)4. (CHOH)4 HI (CH2)4. Hexane :

CH2OH CH2OCOCH3 CH2OH CH3

(iv) with HNO3

CHO. COOH
,
(CHOH)4 HNO3 (CHOH)4. Saccharic acid.

CH2OH COOH
3. (i) Anomers.
Cyclic isomers of glucose differ at C1 or fructose differ at C2 are called anomers Eg: a-D-Glucose and b-D-Glucose
(ii) Inversion of sugars.
Process of changing of sign of rotation of dextro-rotatory sucrose on hydrolysis to laevo-rotatory mixture of products is
called inversion of sugars.
(iii) Essential amino acids
Amino acids are not synthesized in body but required to body through diet is called Essential amino acids
Eg: Valine, leucine, isoleucine.
4. CHO. COOH
,
(CHOH)4 HNO3 (CHOH)4. Saccharic acid.

CH2OH COOH
5. Amino acids contains an acidic COOH and basic NH2 group which make it is amphoteric.
6. α-helix
Secondary structure formed by coiling of a poly-peptide chain and the coil is stabilized by intramolecular H-bond.
β-pleated
Secondary structure formed by folding of number of poly-peptide chains like pleated sheet and the folding is stabilized by inter-
molecular H-bond.
YEAR 2017
1. (i) she is attentive towards dangers.
She is fulfilled her moral obligations by deciding to aware others about adverse effect.
(ii) starch
(iii) α-helix
Secondary structure formed by coiling of a poly-peptide chain and the coil is stabilized by intramolecular H-bond.
 β-pleated
Secondary structure formed by folding of number of poly-peptide chains like pleated sheet and the folding is stabilized by inter-
molecular H-bond.
(iv) vitamin C and vitamin B are water soluble
YEAR 2016
1. Lactose on hydrolysis gives b-D-galactose and b-D-glucose.
2. Vitamin C cannot be stored in our body because it is soluble in water and will be excreted through urine.
3. Nucleotide
It consist of a pentose sugar, nitrogeneous base and phosphoric acid.
Nucleoside
It consist of a pentose sugar and nitrogeneous base.
4. Starch is two components called amylose and amylopectine.
Amylose Amylopectin.
#Longer unbranched chain component of starch made by #Longer branched chain component of starch made by
a-D-Glucose a-D-Glucose
#Chain is made by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage #Chain is made by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage and branch is
made by C1-C6 glycosidic linkage
#Water soluble #Water insoluble
Cellulose is linear poly-saccharide made by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage between a-D-Glucose
5. Phospho-diester linkage
It is phosphor-diester bond that connect two nucleotides.
6. Globular protein Fibrous protein
A tertiary protein which is spherical in shape and A tertiary protein which is thread like in shape and
soluble in water is called globular protein insoluble in water is called fibrous protein
Example: Albumin, Insulin. Example: keratin, myosin.
YEAR 2015
1. with NH2OH
CHO. CH=N-OH OXIME
,
(CHOH)4 NH2OH (CHOH)4.

CH2OH CH2OCOCH3
2. Amino acids contains an acidic COOH and basic NH2 group which make it is amphoteric.
3. Vitamin C cannot be stored in our body because it is soluble in water and will be excreted through urine.
3. Fructose is monosaccharide
4. Acidic amino acids.
Amino acids contain number of COOH groups more than NH2 groups are called acidic amino acids
Basic amino acids
Amino acids contain number of NH2 groups more than COOH groups are called basic amino acids
5. Vitamin C
6. Globular protein Fibrous protein
A tertiary protein which is spherical in shape and A tertiary protein which is thread like in shape and
soluble in water is called globular protein insoluble in water is called fibrous protein
Example: Albumin, Insulin. Example: keratin, myosin.
7. Vitamin D
8. Maltose is di-saccharide.
YEAR 2014
1. Lactose on hydrolysis gives b-D-galactose and b-D-glucose.
2. (i) Nucleotide
Monomer of nucleic acid consist of a pentose sugar, nitrogeneous base and phosphoric acid.
(ii) Anomers
Cyclic isomers of glucose differ at C1 or fructose differ at C2 are called anomers Eg: a-D-Glucose and b-D-Glucose
(iii) Essential amino acids
Amino acids are not synthesized in body but required to body through diet is called essential amino acids
Eg: Valine, leucine, isoleucine.
3. Amylopectine.
4. Vitamin D
6. Globular protein Fibrous protein
A tertiary protein which is spherical in shape and A tertiary protein which is thread like in shape and
soluble in water is called globular protein insoluble in water is called fibrous protein
Example: Albumin, Insulin. Example: keratin, myosin.
7. with Br2 water
CHO. COOH
,
(CHOH)4 Br2/H2O (CHOH)4. GLUCONIC ACID

CH2OH CH2OH
8. Amylose is water soluble.
9. Vitamin A
10 Uracil.
11 It is the evidence for the presence of six carbon atoms in the straight chain
12 Sucrose on hydrolysis gives b-D-fructose and a-D-glucose.
13 (i) Peptide linkage : It is amide bond that connect two a-aminoacids
(ii) Primary structure : It is the poly peptide chain of a-aminoacids contains more than 100 peptide bonds.
(iii) Denaturation : Process in which protein that lost its biological activities when it is subjected to change in pH or change
in temperature is called denaturation of protein. Example : Curdling of milk, boiling of egg white (egg albumin)
14 Vitamin C
15 Peptide linkage: It is amide bond that connect two a-aminoacids
16 With HI
CHO. CH3
,
(CHOH)4 HI (CH2)4. Hexane :

CH2OH CH3
YEAR 2013
1. Peptide linkage: It is amide bond that connect two a-aminoacids
2. (i) Concern and Care
(ii) Vitamin B12
(iii) Vitamin C
3. mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA) and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
4. Intramolecular H-Bond stabilize a-helix
5. Glycosidic linkage: It is oxide bond that connect two monosaccharides.
6. (i) Peptide linkage: It is amide bond that connect two a-aminoacids
(ii) Biocatalyst: Enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in living body eg: Amylaze
7. Reactions of glucose which cannot be explained by the open chain structure of glucose molecule.
(a) Reaction with NaHSO3
(b) Reaction with primary amine to give Schiff base.
(c) Reaction of glucose pentaacetate with hydroxyl amine
YEAR 2012
1. Types Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Bases used A,G,C,U A, G, C, T

Pentose sugar Ribose pentose sugar Deoxy ribose pentose sugar
Strand Single stranded helix Double stranded helix
Structure Hairpin and loops Anti-parallel helix
H-Bond Intra molecular H-bond Inter molecular H-bond
Process Translation Transcription
2. Reactions of glucose which cannot be explained by the open chain structure of glucose molecule.
(a) Reaction with NaHSO3
(b) Reaction with primary amine to give Schiff base.
Reaction of glucose pentaacetate with hydroxyl amine
3. (i) Denaturation : Process in which protein that lost its biological activities when it is subjected to change in pH or change in
temperature is called denaturation of protein.
(ii) primary structure remains intact during denaturation
(iii) Example : Curdling of milk, boiling of egg white (egg albumin)
(iv)
Globular protein Fibrous protein
A tertiary protein which is spherical in shape and A tertiary protein which is thread like in shape and
soluble in water is called globular protein insoluble in water is called fibrous protein
Example: Albumin, Insulin. Example: keratin, myosin.