Year 3 Full Autumn Term

Autumn Scheme of Learning
Year 3
#MathsEveryoneCan
2020-21
©White Rose Maths
Notes and Guidance
New for 2020/21 Lesson-by-lesson overviews

Welcome
2020 will go down in history. The world has changed for We’ve always been reluctant to produce lesson-by-
all of us. lesson overviews as every class is individual and
has different needs. However, many of you have
We want to do as much as we can to support children,
said that if blended learning becomes a key feature
teachers, parents and carers in these very uncertain times.
of school life next year, a weekly plan with linked
We have amended our schemes for 2020/21 to: content and videos could be really useful.
highlight key teaching points
As always, we’ve listened! We’ve now produced a
recap essential content that children may have
complete lesson-by-lesson overview for Y1 to Y9
forgotten
that schools can use or adapt as they choose. Each
flag any content that you might not have covered lesson will be linked to a free-to-use home learning
during the school closures period. video, and for premium subscribers, a worksheet.
We hope these changes will add further value to the This means that you can easily assign work to your
schemes and save you time. class, whether they are working at home or in
school.
Inevitably, this lesson-by-lesson structure won’t suit

everyone, but if it works for you, then please do
make use of this resource as much as you wish.
2 ©White Rose Maths
Notes and Guidance
Teaching for Mastery Concrete - Pictorial - Abstract

Welcome
These overviews are designed to support a mastery We believe that all children, when introduced to a
approach to teaching and learning and have been new concept, should have the opportunity to build
designed to support the aims and objectives of the new competency by taking this approach.
National Curriculum.
Concrete – children should have the opportunity to
The overviews:
use concrete objects and manipulatives to help
• have number at their heart. A large proportion of them understand what they are doing.
time is spent reinforcing number to build
competency
Pictorial – alongside this children should use
• ensure teachers stay in the required key stage and pictorial representations. These representations
support the ideal of depth before breadth
can then be used to help reason and solve
• ensure students have the opportunity to stay problems.
together as they work through the schemes as a
whole group
Abstract – both concrete and pictorial
• provide plenty of opportunities to build reasoning representations should support children’s
and problem solving elements into the curriculum.
understanding of abstract methods.
For more guidance on teaching for mastery, visit the
NCETM website: Need some CPD to develop this approach? Visit
https://www.ncetm.org.uk/resources/47230 www.whiterosemaths.com for find a course right for
you.
Notes and Guidance
Supporting resources
Welcome
NEW for 2019-20!
We have produced supporting resources for every small
step from Year 1 to Year 11.
The worksheets are provided in three different formats:
• Write on worksheet – ideal for children to use the
ready made models, images and stem sentences.
• Display version – great for schools who want to cut
down on photocopying.
• PowerPoint version – one question per slide. Perfect
for whole class teaching or mixing questions to make
your own bespoke lesson.
For more information visit our online training and

resources centre resources.whiterosemaths.com or email
us directly at support@whiterosemaths.com

Notes and Guidance
Meet the Characters
Welcome
Children love to learn with characters and our team within the scheme will be sure to get them talking and
reasoning about mathematical concepts and ideas. Who’s your favourite?
Teddy Rosie Mo Eva Alex
Jack Whitney Amir Dora Tommy
Dexter Ron Annie

WRM – Year 3 – Scheme of Learning 2.0s
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12
Autumn
Number: Multiplication and

Number: Place Value Number: Addition and Subtraction
Division
Measurement:
Consolidation Consolidation
Measurement:
Spring
Money
Number: Multiplication
Statistics Length and Number: Fractions
and Division
Perimeter
Summer
Geometry:
Measurement: Mass and
Number: Fractions Measurement: Time Properties of
Capacity
Shape

Autumn - Block 1
Place Value
©White Rose Maths

Year 3 | Autumn Term | Week 1 to 3 – Number: Place Value
Overview
Small Steps Notes for 2020/21
Represent numbers to 100 Children should already have

some understanding of tens and
Tens and ones using addition ones from Y2, however it may be
Hundreds useful to recap this content
before exploring hundreds.
Represent numbers to 1,000
100s, 10s and 1s (1)
100s, 10s and 1s (2) You may want to ensure that you
use plenty of examples of
Number line to 1,000
numbers within 100 including
Find 1, 10, 100 more or less than a given number number lines to 100 before
Compare objects to 1,000 moving on to the number line to
1,000
Compare numbers to 1,000
Order numbers
Count in 50s

Represent Numbers to 100

Notes and Guidance Varied Fluency
Children need to be able to represent numbers to 100 using a Here is part of a bead string.
range of concrete materials, such as bead strings, straws,
Base 10 equipment etc.
Complete the sentences.
Children should also be able to state how a number is made There are ______tens and ______ones.
up. For example, they can express 42 as 4 tens and 2 ones or The number is ______.
as 42 ones. Represent 45 on a bead string and complete the same sentence
stems.
Match the number to the correct representation.

Mathematical Talk
One ten and
How have the beads been grouped? How does this help you
five ones
count?
Thirty-five
Can you show me the tens/ones in the number?
Which resource do you prefer to use for larger numbers? Which

25
is quickest? Which would take a long time?
Represent 67 in three different ways.
Represent Numbers to 100

Reasoning and Problem Solving
Where would 36 go on each of the How many two digit numbers can you 70, 20, 72, 27
number lines? make using the digit cards?
0
100
40
7 0 2
30 40
What is the largest number? The largest
One of these images does not show 23 C does not show Prove it by using concrete resources. number is 72
Can you explain the mistake? 23, it shows 32
They have What is the smallest number? The smallest
A B C reversed the tens Prove it by using concrete resources. number is 20
and ones.
Why can’t the 0 be used as a tens Because it would
number? make a 1 digit
number.

Tens and Ones (2)

Children continue to use a part-whole model to explore how Match the number sentence to the correct number.
tens and ones can be partitioned and recombined to make a
total. 20 + 19 10 + 4 40 + 0 80 + 1
Children will see numbers partitioned in different ways. For
example, 39 written as 20 + 19
This small step will focus on using the addition symbol to
express numbers to 100. For example, 73 can be written as 40 14 81 39
70 + 3 = 73
Complete the part-whole model and write four number sentences
to match.
Mathematical Talk
28 ______ + ______ = ______
______ + ______ = ______
What clues are there in the calculations? Can we look at the
______ = ______ + ______
tens number or the ones number to help us? ______ = ______ + ______
20
What number completes the part-whole model?
Dora has 20 sweets and Amir has 15 sweets.
What is the same/different about the calculations?
Represent the total number of sweets:
• With concrete resources.
What are the key bits of information? Can you draw a diagram • In a part-whole model.
to help you? • As a number sentence.
Tens and Ones (2)

Teddy thinks that, 40 + 2 = 42 Fill in the missing numbers. 1 ten + 3 ones =
Teddy has just 13
combined the 2 tens + 3 ones =
numbers to make 23
402 without
1 ten + 3 ones = 13 3 tens + 3 ones =
40 + 2 = 402
thinking about 33
their place value. 2 tens + ___ ones = 23 4 tens + 3 ones =
43
Explain the mistake he has made.
3 tens + 3 ones = _____
Can you show the correct answer using
concrete resources?
___ tens + 3 ones = 43
What would the next number in the 5 tens + 3 ones =

pattern be? 53

Hundreds
Children build on their understanding of tens and link this to Use bundles of straws in tens, bead strings and Base 10 to explore
100 how many tens make a hundred. Children use the equipment to
This is the first time they explore 100 explicitly. It is crucial count up and down in tens to make 100
children understand that ten tens make 100 and a hundred There are 3 tens this is thirty.
ones make 100 There are ______ this is ______ .
They use a variety of concrete equipment to see this There are ______ tens in one hundred.
relationship. Once children understand the concept of 100, they
will count objects and numbers in multiples of 100 up to 1,000 There are 100 sweets in each jar.
Mathematical Talk
How many tens have you made? How else can we say this? How many sweets are there altogether?
Write your answer in numerals and words.
What do these digits represent?
Complete the number tracks.
How many ones have you made? How else can you say this?
200 300 500 800
If we continue counting in tens, what do we say after 100?
What numbers wouldn't we say? 900 800 500

Hundreds
True, because if Whitney thinks the place value grid is Whitney is
True or False?
you start with zero showing the number eight. incorrect because
and add 100 you there are eight
If I count in 100s from zero, all of the Hundreds Tens Ones
get an even counters in the
numbers will be even.
number, and you hundreds column
Convince me.
are adding another so they represent
even so the eight hundreds.
number will The number is
always be even. 800
Sort these statements into always, Do you agree? Explain why. The smallest
sometimes or never. number that can
Using all of the counters, what is the be made is 8
• When counting in hundreds, the ones • Never smallest number you can make?
column changes. Other possible
• When counting in hundreds, the • Always What other numbers could you make? numbers include:
hundreds column changes. 80
• To count in hundreds we use 3-digit • Sometimes 170
numbers. 350
etc.

Numbers to 1,000
In this small step, children will primarily use Base 10 to Write down the number represented with Base 10 in each case.
become familiar with any number up to 1,000
Representation Number
Using Base 10 will emphasise to children that hundreds are
bigger than tens and tens are bigger than ones.
Children need to see numbers with zeros in different columns,

and show them with concrete and pictorial representations.
Mathematical Talk
Does it matter which order you build the number in?
Can you have more than 9 of the same type of number e.g. 11 Use Base 10 to represent the numbers.
tens?
700 120 407 999
Can you create a part-whole model using or drawing Base 10
in each circle? Mo is drawing numbers. Can you complete them for him?
246 390 706

Numbers to 1,000
Teddy has used Base 10 to represent the 110 is the missing Which child has made the number 315? Dora and Mo have
number 420. He has covered some of amount. both made the
them up. number 315, but
Possible ways: Dora represented it
• 1 hundred and differently.
1 ten
• 11 tens 3 hundreds, 1 ten
• 110 ones Mo and 5 ones is the
• 10 tens and 10 same as 2
ones hundreds, 10 tens
• 50 ones and 6 Explain how you know. and 15 ones.
tens etc.
Work out the amount he has covered up.
How many different ways can you make

the missing amount using Base 10?

100s, 10s and 1s (1)

Children should understand that a 3-digit number is made up What is the value of the number represented in the place value
of 100s, 10s and 1s. chart?
Hundreds Tens Ones
They read numbers shown in different representations on a
place value grid, and write them in numerals.
They should be able to represent different 3-digit numbers in

various ways such as Base 10 or numerals. Write your answer in numerals and in words.
Complete this place value chart so that it shows the number 354
Mathematical Talk Hundreds Tens Ones
What is the value of the number shown on the place value

chart?
Why is it important to put the values into the correct column
Represent the number using a part-whole model.
on the place value chart?
How many more are needed to complete the place value How many different ways can you make the number 452?
chart? Can you write each way in expanded form? (e.g. 400 + 50 + 2)
Can you make your own numbers using Base 10? Ask a friend
Compare your answer with a partner.
to tell you what number you have made.
100s, 10s and 1s (1)

Possible answers: The numbers that
Hundreds Tens Ones
can be made are:
I disagree because
there are six
hundreds, four
5 0 3 • 503
• 530
• 305
tens and seven • 350
ones so the Using each digit card, which numbers • (0)35
number is 647. can you make? • (0)53
I notice that 647 Use the place value grid to help.

and 467 have the
Hundreds Tens Ones
Eva same digits but in
The place value grid a different order
shows the number 467 so the digits have
different values.
Is Eva correct? Explain your reasoning.
Compare your answers with a partner.
What do you notice about the number
shown?

100s, 10s and 1s (2)

Children use place value counters to represent different What number is shown on the place value chart?
numbers and understand how a number is made.
Hundreds Tens Ones
Their work with Base 10 should help them understand that the
hundreds counter is worth more than the tens counter and the
tens counter is worth more than the ones counter.
If one more 10 is added, what number would be shown?
Use place value counters and a place value grid to represent the
Mathematical Talk numbers:
What is the same and what is different about Base 10 and 615 208 37
place value counters?
Why do we not call this number 300506? Use <, > or = to make the statement correct.
What number would be shown if 1/10/100 was added? 100s 10s 1s 100s 10s 1s 100s 10s 1s
Why is it important to put the values into the correct column

on the place value grid?
What do we need to do if there is a zero in the number we are
representing?
100s, 10s and 1s (2)

Using place value counters, how many e.g. four hundreds 100s 10s 1s Dora is correct
different ways can you make four counters and 5 because there are
hundred and fifty? tens counters. As a six counters in the
calculation this hundreds column,
Show your solutions as a calculations. would be: none in the tens
450 = 100 + 100 column and seven
+ 100 + 100 + in the ones
10 + 10 + 10 + column.
10 + 10 Dora
The place value chart If it was 670 there
Eva shows 607 would be seven
The number in the place Eva is incorrect
because you could counters in the
value grid is the greatest Jack tens column and
number you can make make 800 which
is greater than 611 none in the ones
with 8 counters. column.
She thinks you I think it shows 670
need to have at
100s 10s 1s least one counter
in each column.
Who is correct? Explain your reasoning.
Do you agree? Explain your answer.

Number Line to 1,000

Children estimate, work out and write numbers on a number Draw an arrow to show the number 800
line.
Number lines should be shown with or without start and end

numbers, and with numbers already placed on it.
Draw an arrow to show the number 560
Children may still need Base 10 and/or place values to work
with as they develop their understanding of the number line.
Mathematical Talk Which letter is closest to 250?
What is the value of each interval on the number line? A B C D

Which side of the number line did you start from? Why?
When estimating where a number should be placed, what facts
can help you?
Can you draw a number line where 600 is the starting
number, and 650 is half way along? Estimate the value of A.
What do you know about the number that A is representing? A 250 500 A
is more/less than __________
What value can A definitely not be? How do you know?
Number Line to 1,000

Estimate where seven hundred and 725 is in different If the arrow is pointing to 780, what Example answers:
twenty-five will go on each of the number places because could the start and end numbers be?
lines. each line has Start 0 and end
different numbers Find three different ways and explain 1,000 because
at the start and your reasoning. 500 would be in
end so the position the middle and
of 725 changes. 780 would be
further along than
All three of the 500
number lines have
different scales Start 730 and end
and therefore the 790
difference
between 725 and Start 700 and end
the starting and 800
finishing number is
different on all etc.
three number
Explain why it is not in the same place on lines.
each number line.

1, 10, 100 More or Less

Building on children’s learning in Year 2 where they explored Put the correct number in each box.
finding one more/less, children now move onto finding 10 and
100 more or less than a given number.
Show children that they can represent their answer in a variety 10 less Number 10 more
of different ways. For example, as numerals or words, or with
concrete manipulatives.
100 less Number 100 more

Mathematical Talk Show ten more and ten less than the following numbers using Base
10 and place value counters.
What is 10 more than/less than _____?
550 724 302
What is 100 more than/less than _____? Complete the table.
Which column changes? Can more than one column change? 100 less Number 100 more
What happens when I subtract 10 from 209?

Why is this more difficult?

1, 10, 100 More or Less

10 more than my number is the same as The number A counter is missing on the place value Possible answers:
100 less than 320 described is 210 chart. 401
because 100 less 311
What is my number? than 320 is 220, Hundreds Tens Ones 302
which means 220
Explain how you know. is 10 more than
the original
Write your own similar problem to number.
describe the original number.
I think of a number, add ten, subtract one The start number What number could it have been?
hundred and then add one. was 345 because
one less than 256
My answer is 256 is 255, one
hundred more
What number did I start with? than 255 is 355
and ten less than
Explain how you know. 355 is 345
To check I can
What can you do to check? follow the steps
back to get 256
Compare Objects
Children use objects to represent numbers to 1,000 Represent and compare the numbers using place value counters.
When given two numbers represented by objects, they use
100s 10s 1s
comparative language and symbols to determine which is 452 542
greatest/smallest. Children can make the numbers using
concrete manipulatives and draw them pictorially. ______ is greater than ______
Use stem sentences to ensure the correct vocabulary is being
used e.g. ______ is greater than ______. Use <, > or = to make the statements correct.
Mathematical Talk
How do you know which number is greater?
Do you start counting hundreds, tens or ones first? Why?
What strategy did you use to compare the two numbers?

Is this the same or different to your partner? Draw objects to make the statement true.
Are the Base 10 and place value counters showing the same
amount? How do you know? <
Is there only one answer?
Compare Objects
Which image is the odd one out? The part-whole True or False? The image is not
model is the odd correct because
one out because it the number 244 is
shows 643 represented on
whereas all the both sides of the
other images show inequality symbol.
539 540 541 542 543 544
543
> An equal sign
Children could should have been
show 543 in a used.
part-whole model
correctly, in Base The number on
10 a different way Explain your answer. the left must be
or with place value made larger or the
counters in a number on the
different way. right must be
made smaller, to
500 140 3 make this true.
Explain why.
How else can you represent the number?
Compare Numbers
Children compare numbers presented as numerals rather than Circle the greatest number in each pair.
objects.
They need to be encouraged to use previous learning to Nine hundred and two 920
choose an efficient method to compare the numbers. For
example, children may choose to place the numbers on a 500 and 63 568
number line, make them using concrete manipulatives or draw
them in a place value chart to compare. 7 hundreds and 6 ones 76 tens
Use <, > or = to make the statements correct.

Mathematical Talk 399 501
What strategy did you use to compare the numbers?

800 80 tens
What materials would be useful to help you compare the
numbers? Complete the statements.
How do you know which number is the smallest /greatest? 600 + 70 + 4 > 600 + _______ + 4
Which column do you start comparing from? Why?
Two hundred and five < _________________
Can you find more than one way to complete the statements?
Compare Numbers
Amir has 3 jars of sweets. Jar B could I am thinking of a number. 446 or 464
contain any
number of sweets It is between 300 and 500 The only
between 176 and possibilities to go
234 inclusive. The digits add up to 14 in the hundreds
column are 3 and
A B C Discussion point: The difference between the greatest digit 4
Could B contain and the smallest digit is 2 If it was 3, the
Jar A contains 235 sweets. 175 or 235 other two digits
sweets? Why? What could my number be? would have to total
Jar C contains 175 sweets. 11 and none of
Is there only one option? these pairs give
the correct
Jar A has the Explain each step of your working. difference
most sweets in. between the
Jar C has the greatest and
least sweets in. smallest digit, so
the number has to
have 4 in the
How many sweets could be in jar B? hundreds column.
Explain how you know.
Order Numbers
Children explore ordering a set of numbers from smallest to Here are three digit cards.
greatest and greatest to smallest. They need to be able to
explain their reasoning throughout. They could still use Base 10
or other concrete materials to help them to make decisions 3 4 5
about ordering.
What is the greatest number you can make?
At this point, children are introduced to the words ascending What is the smallest number you can make?
and descending.
Use the symbols <, > or = to make the statement correct.
Mathematical Talk
102
How do you know you have created the greatest/smallest
number? Here is a list of numbers.
What number is being represented by the place value 312, 321, 123, 132, 213, 231
counters/Base 10?
Place the numbers in ascending order.
What does the word ascending/descending mean? Now place them in descending order.
What do you notice?
Can you find more than one way to order your numbers?
Order Numbers
Whitney has six different numbers. The first number True or False? False.
could be anything For example, if
She put them in ascending order then between 215 and you are ordering
accidentally spilt some ink onto her page. 242 When ordering numbers you only need numbers in the
Two of her numbers are now covered in to look at the place value column with hundreds you
ink. The second the highest value. should start by
hidden number looking at the
could be anywhere hundreds column,
between 257 and but sometimes
214, 123, 243, 256, 123, 289 288 two numbers will
have the same
number of
hundreds and so
What could the hidden numbers be? you will also need
Explain how you know. to look at other
columns.

Count in 50s
Children use their knowledge of the patterns in the 5 times Look at the number patterns.
table to count in steps of 50 What do you notice?
They should start from any given multiple of 50 and be able to 5 10 15 20 25 30

count both forwards and backwards.
50 100 150 200 250 300
Complete the number tracks.

Mathematical Talk
50 150 200 350 450
What is the same and what is different between counting in 5s

and counting in 50s?
750 700 650 500 350
Hence, what is the connection between the 5 times table and

the 50 times table? Circle and explain the mistake in each sequence.
Can you notice a pattern as the numbers increase/decrease? 50, 100, 105, 200, 250, 300 …
Can you correct the mistakes in each? 990, 950, 900, 850, 800 …
Count in 50s
215 is the odd one Always, Sometimes, Never
Odd One Out
out because it is
not a multiple of
100, 150, 200, 215, 300 Sort the statements into always,
50
If we were sometimes or never.
Circle the odd one out. Explain how you
counting up in 50s
know. • When counting in 50s starting from
from 100, it should • Always
have been 250 0, the numbers are all even.
not 215
• There are only two digits in a • Sometimes
multiple of 50
Which is quicker: counting to 50 in 10s or It is quicker to
counting to 150 in 50s? count to 150 in • Only the hundreds and tens column • Sometimes
50s as it would changes when counting in 50s.
Explain your answer. only be 3 steps
whereas counting
to 50 in 10s would
be 5 steps.

Autumn - Block 2
Addition & Subtraction
©White Rose Maths

Year 3 | Autumn Term | Week 4 to 8 – Number: Addition & Subtraction
Overview
Add and subtract multiples of 100

Add and subtract 1s
Add and subtract 3-digit and 1-digit numbers – not crossing 10
Children should have met
Add a 2-digit and 1-digit number - crossing 10
addition and subtraction of 2-
Add 3-digit and 1-digit numbers – crossing 10 digits + 2-digits, although it may
Subtract a 1-digit number from 2-digits - crossing 10 not be embedded and they may
not have met the formal column
Subtract a 1-digit number from a 3-digit number – crossing 10 method.
Add and subtract 3-digit and 2-digit numbers – not crossing 100
Add 3-digit and 2-digit numbers – crossing 100 We have added steps that provide
opportunity for recap/introduce
Subtract a 2-digit number from a 3-digit number – crossing 100 the formal method of 2-digits +
Add and subtract 100s 2-digits.
Spot the pattern – making it explicit
Add two 2-digit numbers - crossing 10 - add ones & add tens
Subtract a 2-digit number from a 2-digit number - crossing 10

Overview
Add and subtract a 2-digit and 3-digit numbers – not crossing 10 or 100
Add a 2-digit and 3-digit numbers – crossing 10 or 100 Use the early steps in this unit to
Subtract a 2-digit number from a 3-digit number – crossing 10 or 100 recap place value of 2-digit and
3-digit numbers.
Add two 3-digit numbers – not crossing 10 or 100
Add two 3-digit numbers – crossing 10 or 100 You may want to omit the
estimate and check answers
Subtract a 3-digit number from a 3-digit number – no exchange
steps and instead embed this
Subtract a 3-digit number from a 3-digit number – exchange throughout the other steps.
Estimate answers to calculations
Check answers

Add & Subtract Multiples of 100

Children are introduced to adding numbers greater than 100 Complete:
2 ones and 3 ones is equal to ____ ones.
They will apply their prior knowledge of adding and subtracting
ones and tens to adding and subtracting multiples of 100
2 tens and 3 tens is equal to ____ tens.
Using concrete manipulatives and pictorial representations
throughout is important so the children can see the value of 2 hundreds and 3 hundreds is equal to ____ hundreds.
the digits.
Complete each box for 400 + 500
Mathematical Talk Draw It Write It Part-Whole Number Sentence
___ hundreds and
____ + _____ = ____
___ hundreds is
What is the same and what is different about 2 ones and
equal to ___
3 ones, 2 tens and 3 tens and 2 hundreds and 3 hundreds? hundreds
What is ____ hundreds and ____ hundreds equal to? Use the bar model to complete the number sentences.
How many different ways can you represent 200 + 300? ____ + ____ = 600 600 = ____ − ____
600 ____ + ____ = 600 600 = ____ − ____
____ − ____ = 400 400 = ____ − ____
200 400
____ − ____ = 200 200 = ____ − ____
Add & Subtract Multiples of 100

+ = 800 0 + 800 Odd One Out Possible answers:
100 + 700 The odd one out
Each of the missing numbers are 200 + 600 Which is the odd one out? could be
multiples of 100 300 + 500 300 + 500 =
400 + 400 Explain why. 800 because it
Find all the possible missing numbers.
500 + 300 does not have the
+
600 + 200 number 200 in
700 + 100 the calculation.
800 + 0 +
The odd one out
If I know 700 − 500 = 200, what else Children may write
could also be
do I know? all the related +
200 + 700 =
facts and link it to
Show me using concrete and pictorial 900 because the
a bar model.
representations. answer is not 800
They may also
show 70 − 50 or
7−5

Add and Subtract 1s

Children should start seeing the pattern when we add and Create sentences based on the picture.
subtract 1 and comment upon what happens.
Example
There are 4 children playing in a park.
This is the step before finding ten more than or ten less than, One more child joins them so there will
as bridging beyond a 10 should not be attempted yet. be 5 children playing together.
The pattern should be highlighted also by adding 2 (by

adding another one) and then adding 3 Continue the pattern
22 = 29 − 7
22 = 28 − 6
Mathematical Talk
Can you create an addition pattern by adding in ones and
starting at the number 13?
What happens when we add 2?
What is the link between adding 1 and adding 2? Continue the number tracks below.
What about if we want to add 3?
31 34 45 48
How can a bead string help when we are adding 1, 2, 3 etc.?
Where will be the best place to start on each number track? 67 13
Why?
Add and Subtract 1s

True or False? Jack’s house
These four calculations have the same True, because they
answer. all equal 7 and Annie’s house
addition is
1+4+2 4+2+1 commutative.
2+4+1 4+1+2 Jack lives 5 km from school.

Annie lives 4 km from school in the
same direction.
What is the distance between Jack and 1 km

These four calculations have the same
answer. Annie’s houses?
False, because No, he will walk 2
subtraction isn’t After travelling to and from school, Jack km further. 1 km
7−3−2 2−3−7
commutative. thinks that he will walk 1 km more than on the way to
3−2−7 7−2−3 Annie. Is he correct? school and 1 km
Explain your answer.
on the way home.
What will be the difference in distance
walked after 2 school days? 4 km
3-digit & 1-digit Numbers

During this small step, children add and subtract ones from a Hundreds Tens Ones
3-digit number without an exchange. They consider which
digits are affected when adding ones. For example, if a child is
completing 214 − 3 and 214 + 3 they see that they just need
to focus on the ones column. Therefore, all they need to do is
4 + 3 and 4 − 3 respectively. Use the place value grid to complete the calculations.
The use of the column method can be used but mental
arithmetic is the best strategy. 214 − 3 = ____ 214 + 3 = ____
Complete:
Mathematical Talk 356 − 5 = 356 − 5 = 356 − 5 =
Which column do I need to focus on? 357 − 5 = 356 − 4 = 366 − 5 =
358 − 5 = 356 − 3 = 376 − 5 =
What is the same about the subtractions? What changes each
time? Write the number sentence that would come next in 359 − 5 = 356 − 2 = 386 − 5 =
each list. Can you write the number sentence that would come
before? Jack has 534 team points and gets four more.
Tommy has 534 team points and loses four of his.
Can you use < and > to compare Jack and Tommy’s team How many team points does each person have?
points? Who has the most?

Rosie has added or subtracted ones to Possible answers Which image does not represent The number line
get this answer. 340 + 2 339 – 8? does not, because
Hundreds Tens Ones 341 + 1 it starts at 340 not
342 + 0 339
343 − 1
344 − 2
345 − 3
346 − 4
347 − 5
What could her calculation have been? 348 − 6
Alex thinks the chart shows 456 – 4 No, I disagree. Alex
349 − 7
Her starting numbers are between and Do you agree? has subtracted 4
include 340 and 350 350 − 8
When the ones Hundreds Tens Ones tens not 4 ones.
Did you use a strategy? digit in the 3-digit
number increases,
Do you see a pattern? the ones we
subtract
decreases. Explain why.
Add 2-digits and 1-digit

Before crossing the 10 with addition, children need to have a 17 + 5 =
strong understanding of place value. The idea that ten ones are Can you put the larger number in
the same as one ten is essential here. They need to be able to your head and count on the
count to 20 and need to be able to partition two-digit numbers smaller number? Start at 17 and
in order to add them. They need to understand the difference count on 5
between one-digit and two-digit numbers and line them up in
columns. In order to progress to using the number line more Can we use number bonds to solve the addition more
efficiently, children need to be secure in their number bonds. efficiently?
We can partition 3
5 into 3 and 2
Mathematical Talk and use this to
5
bridge the 10 2
Using Base 10, can you partition your numbers?
Find the total of 28 and 7
• Partition both the numbers.
Can we exchange 10 ones for one ten? Tens Ones 2 8 • Add together the ones.
+ 7 • Have we got 10 ones?
How many ones do we have? How many tens do we have?
3 5 • Exchange 10 ones for 1 ten.
1 • How many ones do we
Can you draw the Base 10 and show the addition pictorially? have?
• How many tens do we
42 have?
©White Rose Maths
Add 2-digits and 1-digit

Always, Sometimes, Never Sometimes, Here are three digit cards.
because if your
I am thinking of a two-
ones total 10 or
more you will have
6 7 8
digit number, if I add ones to exchange them Place the digit cards in the number 67 + 8 = 75
to it, I will only need to which will change sentence. 68 + 7 = 75
change the ones digit.
the tens digit. 76 + 8 = 84
How many different totals can you find? 78 + 6 = 84
86 + 7 = 93
+ = 87 + 6 = 93

What is the smallest total? 75 is the smallest
total.
What is the largest total? 93 is the largest

total.

Add 3-digit & 1-digit Numbers

Children add ones to a 3-digit number, with an exchange. They We can use Base 10 to solve 245 + 7
discover that when adding ones it can affect the ones column
and the tens column. +
Children learn that we can only hold single digits in each Use this method to calculate:
column, anything over must be exchanged.
357 + 8 286 + 5 419 + 1
The use of 0 e.g. 145 − 5 is important so they know to use
zero as a place holder. We can use a number line to calculate 346 + 7
46 + 4 = 50 50 + 3 = 53
Mathematical Talk so 346 + 7 = 353
Use this method to calculate:
When you add ones to a number does it always, sometimes or
564 + 8 716 + 9 327 + 5
never affect the tens column?
We can partition our 1-digit number to calculate 379 + 5
What is the largest digit you can have in each column? Why?
How does using the number line support partitioning the 379 + 1 = 380 380 + 4 = 384
number? What number bonds help us with this method?
Use this method to calculate:
44 178 + 9 826 + 7 359 + 8

©White Rose Maths

Always, Sometimes, Never Always Which questions are harder to calculate? The second and
third are harder as
1+1 234 + 3 =
When 7 and 5 are added together in the an exchange
ones column, the digit in the ones column 2+0 needs to be made.
506 + 8 =
of the answer will always be 2
9+3
455 + 7 =
8+4
What other digits would always give a 2
521 + 6 =
in the ones column? Prove it. 6+6
will also always
give a 2 in the
ones column.

Subtract 1-digit from 2-digits

Just as with addition, children need to have a strong 22 − 7 =
understanding of place value for subtraction. Children need Can you put the larger
to be able to count to 20 and need to be able to partition number in your head and
two-digit numbers in order to subtract from them. They count back the smaller
need to understand the difference between one-digit and number? Start at 22 and
two-digit numbers and line them up in columns. count back 7
In order to progress to using the number line more efficiently,
children need to be secure in their number bonds. Can we use number bonds to subtract more efficiently?
We can partition 5
Mathematical Talk 7 into 5 and 2
7
and use this to
bridge the 10 2
Are we counting backwards or forwards on the number line?
Have we got enough ones to subtract? Subtract 8 from 24

• Do we have enough ones to take 8
Tens Ones 1
Can we exchange a ten for ten ones? 2 4
1 ones away?
− 8• Exchange one ten for ten ones.
How can we show the takeaway? Can we cross out the cubes? 1 6 • Take away 8 ones.
• Can you write this using the
column method?

Jack and Eva are solving the subtraction Eva’s method is Mo is counting back to solve 35 − 7 Mo is not correct
23 − 9 most efficient as he has included
because there are He counts
Here are their methods: 35 when counting
less steps to take. back.
35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29
Jack The numbers are
I put 9 in my head This is a common
and counted on to 23 quite far apart so Is Mo correct?
Jack’s method of mistake and can
finding the Explain your answer. be modelled on a
difference takes a number line.
I put 23 in my head
long time and has Match the number sentences to the
and counted back 9
number bonds that make the method
more room for
Eva more efficient.
error.
42 − 5 42 − 2 − 3
Who’s method is the most efficient?
42 − 7 43 − 3 − 3
Can you explain why?
43 − 8 43 − 3 − 5
Can you think of another method to
solve the subtraction.
43 − 6 42 − 2 − 5


Children subtract a 1-digit number from a 3-digit number Teddy uses Base 10 to calculate 321 − 4
using an exchange.
Children need to be secure in the fact that 321 is 3 hundreds,
2 tens and 1 one but that it is also 3 hundreds, 1 ten and 11
ones. Use this method to calculate:
If children are not secure with regrouping, it is important to 322 − 4 322 − 7 435 − 7
revisit this before subtracting.
Dora uses the part-whole model and number line to solve 132 − 4
Mathematical Talk 4
How many ones do we exchange for one ten? 2 2
Why do all these subtractions require an exchange? When do Use this method to calculate:
we not need to exchange? 132 − 8 123 − 8 123 − 5
Which method do you prefer? Can you calculate the

subtractions mentally? Red team have 672 points.
Blue team have 7 fewer points than red team.
How many points do blue team have?

Ron and Jack use Base 10 to solve 225 – Both methods can Whitney has 125 stickers. Whitney might
8 get the answer of She gives less than 10 stickers to Eva. have given Eva 2,
217 but I would She has an odd number of stickers left. 4, 6 or 8 stickers.
Ron’s method: choose Jack’s How many stickers might Whitney have
because he has given away? All the answers
already exchanged are even.
one of his tens for What do you notice is the same about If Whitney had an
ten ones. your answers? even number of
If Whitney had an even number of stickers left she
Jack’s method: stickers left, how many might she have might have given 1,
given away? 3, 5, 7 or 9 away.
Explain how you would solve these Children explain

calculations: their methods,
Explain which method you would use and they may count on
564 − ____ = 558 or back, use a
why.
number line, part-
____ − 8 = 725 whole model or
Base 10
352 = 361 − ____

Children look at what happens to a 3-digit number when a Hundreds Tens Ones
multiple of 10 is added or subtracted.
Different representations such as Base 10, arrow cards, place
value charts should be used.
The use of the column method is exemplified in this example,
but children should explore whether or not this is needed and Use place value counters to complete the number sentences.
explain why. Mental methods should be encouraged
throughout. 352 + 4 tens = ____ 352 − 2 tens = ____
Complete:
Mathematical Talk 793 − 60 = 793 − 60 = 733 + 60 =
793 − 70 = 783 − 60 = 723 + 60 =
How many tens can we add to 352 without exchanging?
How many tens can we subtract from 352 without 793 − 80 = 773 − 60 = 713 + 60 =
exchanging? 793 − 90 = 763 − 60 = 703 + 60 =
What patterns can you see between the additions and Complete using <, > or =
subtractions? 773 + 1 773 + 10
Can you see links between the columns? 653 + 10 653 − 10
647 + 10 657 − 10
Can you compare the calculations without finding the answer? 721 + 10 653 + 10

Amir has Rosie was able to
Spot the Mistake When I calculated 392
subtracted 7 ones use this fact
instead of 7 tens. subtract 20 I used my because 9 tens
The answer should known fact that subtract 2 tens is
Rosie
be 519 9−2=7
589 − 70 is equal to 582 like doing 9 ones
Amir subtract 2 ones.
Explain Rosie’s method. We do not need
What should the answer be? to subtract any
ones or
Write one calculation that could complete Possible answers hundreds so
all of the statements. include: those columns
496 – 30 will stay the
456 − 10 < 406 + 60 same.
416 + 50
466 + 1 >
(Any calculation
466 + 0 = with an answer of
466)


Children add multiples of 10, to a 3-digit number with an Mo uses Base 10 to calculate 176 + 40
exchange.
They recognise that when adding tens, it can change the tens
and hundreds column. Encourage children to count in tens
rather than use column addition.
Draw on knowledge of inverse to work out missing number Use Mo’s method to calculate:
problems. 276 + 40 266 + 40 266 + 70
Miss Wilson has 237 marbles in a box.

Mathematical Talk She adds 8 more bags of 10 marbles.
How many marbles does she have now?
How many tens do we have? How many tens do we need to Write the calculation for this problem.
exchange for 100?
Complete the bar models.
If we know how to count in tens, do we always need to use the
column method or other methods? 185 40 135 90
Would it be easier for us to just count up in our heads?

What do you notice?


Eva and Amir are calculating 783 + 90 Amir’s method is a Which is the odd one out? Why? 285 + 80 is the
more efficient odd one out
793, 803, 813, 823, method of adding 336 + 80 because in all the
833, 843, 853, 863, 90. Give children others the tens
873 time to discuss 453 + 60 columns add up to
each method and 11 tens.
try them out with 347 + 70
783 + 100 = 883
883 − 10 = 873 different numbers.
285 + 80
Whose method do you prefer?
Explain why.
Sort these calculations into two groups. Possible ways to

Justify your answer. sort:
257 + 60 Odds and evens
70 + 637 Over and under
40 + 234 500
20 + 391 Exchanging and
not exchanging
Compare your groups with a friend. Are
they the same?
Subtract 2-digits from 3-digits

Children subtract multiples of10 from a 3-digit number, Rosie uses Base 10 to subtract 70 from 321
with an exchange. The examples show different ways this
concept could be taught using number lines and part-whole
models.
The column method could be used, however, it is not the 321 − 70 = 251
most efficient method. Use Rosie’s method to calculate:
Counting backwards in tens or using 100 to help will 321 − 80 421 − 6 tens 451 − 60
support mental strategies.
Count back in tens to solve 240 – 70
Mathematical Talk
How many tens do we exchange one hundred for? 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260
How can we partition 70 to subtract it from 240 more

efficiently? Show this on the number line. Amir calculates 425 − 90 by subtracting 100 and then adding 10
425 − 100 = 325
Can you model Amir’s method using a number line? 325 + 10 = 335
Use Amir’s method to solve:
386 − 90 574 − 90 212 − 90


Complete the missing digits. 135 How many different methods could you Possible methods:
40 use to solve 837 – 90? 837 – 100 = 737
13 – 50 = 85 615 737 + 10 = 747
Share your methods with a partner.
334 – _ 0 = 294 90 = 37 and 53
(could show in
545 = 6 5 – 70 part-whole
model)
837 − 37 = 800
800 − 53 = 747
Whitney thinks the rule for the function She is wrong

because 567 837 − 30 = 807
machine is subtract 60 807 − 60 = 747
Is she correct? Explain why. subtract 60 is 507
The rule is Expanded or

Input Rule Output formal written
subtract 70
methods.
567 ? 497

Add & Subtract 100s

Children build on their knowledge of adding 100s together Use the place value grid and Base 10 to help you calculate two
e.g. 300 + 500, by adding ones and tens to solve hundred and thirty-four add three hundred.
calculations such as 234 + 500 Hundreds Tens Ones
It is important to develop flexibility and ask the childrenwhy

the column method isn’t always the most effective method.
Highlight that when adding and subtracting 100s, the ones
and tens columns are not affected.
Eva has saved £675
Mathematical Talk She saved £200 more than Tommy.
How much has Tommy saved?
What do you notice when we add and subtract 100s from a 3- Complete the boxes with a calculation that either adds or subtracts
digit number? 100s.
Do I need to add or subtract £200 to solve the worded 401 + 300 961 − 200
problem? Can you show this on a number line or a bar
model? Smallest Greatest
Is there more than one way to complete the boxes? 105 + 100 393 − 200
Smallest Greatest
Add & Subtract 100s

She is correct Complete the scenarios so they match Ron has £676
because both give the bar model. altogether.
306 + 300 = 906 − 300 an answer of 606 He spends £200
476 200
Alex and has £476
676 pounds left.
Is she correct?
Explain how you know. Ron has ____ altogether. Jack has £476
He spends ______ and has £476 pounds Eva has £200
Teddy starts with the number 356 He couldn’t have left. They have £676
He adds a multiple of 100 added 100, 500 or altogether.
His new number is greater than 500 but 600 but he could Jack has _______
less than 800 have added 200, Eva has £200 Amir has £200
Complete the table. 300 or 400 They have _____ altogether. more than Rosie.
Amir has £676
Numbers he Numbers he could Amir has £200 more than Rosie. Rosie has £476
couldn’t have added have added Amir has _______
Rosie has _______ Children will then
draw their own bar
Draw your own bar model where one of models to match
the parts is a multiple of 100 the numbers they
Write scenarios to match the bar model. have chosen.
Pattern Spotting
Children consolidate adding ones, tens and hundreds to 3- What has happened to each starting number? How do you know?
digit numbers.
Before After
Drawing the previous steps together, children look for patterns
between calculations to enable them to predict answers and to
develop their number sense. Three hundred Three hundred
Ensure children reflect on the similarities and differences and forty and seventy
between calculations to highlight the patterns.
Mathematical Talk Calculate:

253 + 2 253 + 20 253 + 200
What do you notice? Which strategy can we use to add these
numbers? 253 − 2 253 − 20 253 − 200
What is the same and what is different about each calculation?
Do we need to write a zero in the hundreds column when
there are no hundreds left?
If we know 250 + 40 = 290, what else do we know?
Show your findings in part-whole models or bar models and write
If I know 7 + 8 = 15, what else do I know?
number sentences to match.

Pattern Spotting
Dora uses column addition to solve The best strategy Investigate No, the ones can
251 + 4 is to complete 1 + change the ones
4, which is 5 and column and any
the 2 hundreds Does adding and subtracting ones to a column to the left
2 5 1 and 5 tens stay 3-digit number only affect the ones e.g. 123 + 9 and
the same. column? 402 – 4
+ 4 The tens column
When adding 40 Does adding and subtracting tens to a can change itself
2 5 5 3-digit number only affect the tens
it is the tens and the hundreds
column which column? column e.g.
Is this the most efficient method? Dora needs to 456 + 50 and
look at because 456 – 60
Explain what Dora could have done. 40 is 4 tens. When adding and
subtracting from
Tell Dora how she can use your strategy When adding any column, it can
to solve 241 + 40 and 241 + 400 400, she needs to only affect its own
look at the column and
hundreds column columns to the
because 400 is 4 left.
hundreds.

Add 2-digit Numbers (2)

Children use Base 10 and partitioning to add together 2- 64 + 17 = ______
digit numbers including an exchange. They could be 64
encouraged to draw the Base 10 alongside recording any 4 ones + 7 ones = ______ + 1 7
11
formal column method. + 70
6 tens + 1 ten = ______
81
They have already seen what happens when there are more
than 10 ones and should be confident in exchanging 10 ones ______ tens + ______ ones = ______
for one 10.
Find the sum of 35 and 26
• Partition both the numbers.
Mathematical Talk • Add together the ones. Have we got 10
ones?
+ • Exchange 10 ones for 1 ten.
Can you represent the ones and tens using Base 10? • How many ones do we have?
What is the value of the digits? • Add together the tens. How many do we
How many ones do we have altogether? have altogether?
How many tens do we have altogether?
Can we exchange ten ones for one ten? Class 3 has 37 pencils.
What is the sum of the numbers? Class 4 has 43 pencils.
What is the total?
How many have we got altogether? How many pencils do they have altogether?
Add 2-digit Numbers (2)

Can you create a calculation where There are lots of Find all the possible pairs of numbers 13 + 29
there will be an exchange in the ones possible solutions. that can complete the addition.
and your answer will have two ones and 19 + 23
be less than 100? E.g. 33 + 29 = 62
14 + 28
18 + 24
How many different ways can you solve Children might
19 + 11? add the ones and 15 + 27
then the tens.
Explain your method to a partner. 17 + 25
Children should
Use concrete or pictorial resources to 16 + 26
notice that 1 and 9 How do you know you have found all the
help explain your method. are a number pairs?
bond to 10 which
What is the same about all the pairs of All the pairs of
makes the
numbers? ones add up to 12
calculation easier
to complete
mentally.

Subtract with 2-digits (2)

Children use their knowledge that one ten is the same as ten Use the number line to subtract 12 from 51
ones to exchange when crossing a ten in subtraction.
Continue to use concrete manipulatives (such as Base 10)

and pictorial representations (such as number lines and part-
Can you subtract the ones first and then the tens?
whole models) to develop the children’s understanding.
Can you partition the ones to count back to the next ten and then
The skill of flexible partitioning is useful here when the subtract the tens?
children are calculating with exchanges.
42 − 15 =
Mathematical Talk 42 We can’t 42 Now we can subtract
subtract the the ones and then
40 2 ones. Can we 30 12 subtract the tens.
−10 −5 partition −10 −5 42 − 15 = 27
Have we got enough ones to take away? differently? 20 7
Can we exchange one ten for ten ones?
How many have we got left? Take 16 away from 34
What is the difference between the numbers? 2
3 14
Do we always need to subtract the ones first? Why do we −1 6
always subtract the ones first? 1 8
Which method is the most efficient to find the difference,
subtraction or counting on?
Subtract with 2-digits (2)

Eva and Whitney are working out some Whitney’s answer Find the greatest whole number that can
subtractions. is 18 complete each number sentence below.
Whitney
Eva’s answer is 9 45 − 17 > 14 + ____ 13
I am working out
Eva’s question
74 − 56
could be 15 − 6 or 26 + 15 < 60 − ____ 18
24 − 15
One of my numbers
in my question is 15
Eva
Whitney’s answer is double Eva’s

answer.
What could Eva’s subtraction be?


Children focus on the position of numbers and place value to Match the calculation to the correct representation and solve.
add and subtract 2-digit and 3-digit numbers.
H T O
They represent numbers using Base 10 and line up the place 26 + 461
value columns.
In this step, children add numbers without an exchange. H T O

553 − 32
Mathematical Talk
544 + 22 H T O
Where would these digits go on the place value chart? Why?
When we subtract, why do we not make both numbers? Represent the calculations using Base 10 and solve them.
Why do we make both numbers when we add? 388 − 44 167 + 32 265 − 43
What is the same about the additions and subtractions? What Calculate:
changes? 365 365 365 365
+ 23 − 23 + 32 − 32


Eva has 169 sweets in a jar. C is correct Explain the mistake Jack has made. Jack has put 63
She gives 37 sweets to Mo. because in the wrong
Which model represents this problem? 37 + 132 = 169 place value
columns.
37 is a part, 132 is
a part and 169 is
the whole.
Rosie has 77 sweets. Both are correct

Mo has 121 sweets. because
Which addition will find how many addition is
sweets they have altogether? commutative
and the
numbers can be
added either
way round.


Children deepen their understanding of adding 2-digit and 3- Annie uses Base 10 to calculate 317 + 46
digit numbers in this step. They start adding numbers where
3 1 7
there is an exchange from ones to tens, they then move on to
exchanging tens to hundreds before adding numbers where + 4 6
there are exchanges in both columns. 3 6 3
Highlight the links between the concrete representations and
1
the column method to support children in understanding how Use Annie’s method to calculate:
the column method works. 327 + 46 537 + 36 538 + 32 267 + 24
Dexter uses place value counters to calculate 163 + 52

Mathematical Talk
1 6 3
What happens when we have 10 ones in a column? How many + 5 2
tens do we exchange 10 ones for? How do we show the
2 1 5
exchange in the column method?
1
Use Dexter’s method to calculate:
What happens when we have 10 tens in a column? How many 372 + 64 537 + 82 537 + 72 248 + 70
hundreds do we exchange 10 tens for? How do we show the
exchange in the column method? Complete the models using column addition.
What do you notice about the additions in the models? How

many exchanges do we need to make?

Eva is incorrect Sort the additions into the table. No exchange:
because she has 910 + 79
265 + 27 = 282 not exchanged ten No Exchange Exchange
342 + 35
ones for one ten or exchange 10 ones 10 tens
Eva shown this in the Exchange 10 ones
column method. 375 + 18
Here is her working out: 456 + 27
She should have 375 + 18 456 + 72 912 + 79 912 + 79
2 6 5 added an extra ten 910 + 79 456 + 27 342 + 35
to the tens Exchange 10 tens
+ 2 7 column. The Can you write 2 more additions in each 456 + 72
correct answer is column?
2 8 2 292
Choose one 2-digit and one 3-digit 23 + 487
Is she correct? Explain why. number. 35 + 467
Write additions that have an exchange in 56 + 756
the ones and the tens columns. 619 + 81
23 35 756 467
81 56 487 619


Children focus on the position of numbers and place value to Teddy uses Base 10 to subtract 28 from 255
subtract 2-digits from 3-digits using the column method. 4 1
Children start by exchanging one ten for ten ones. Next they 2 5 5
exchange one hundred for ten tens before subtracting − 2 8
numbers where there are exchanges in both columns.
Encourage children to use Base 10 and place value counters so 2 2 7
they can physically exchange and see the link between the Use Teddy’s method to calculate:
concrete and the written column method. 365 − 48 492 − 38 722 − 16
Alex uses place value counters to calculate 434 − 72

Mathematical Talk 3 1
4 3 4
How does the concrete representation match the written
column method? − 7 2
Use Alex’s method to calculate: 3 6 2
How do you know that you need to exchange? 248 − 67 247 − 67 354 − 92
What do you notice about the subtractions to find the missing Calculate the missing number in each model.
numbers? How many exchanges are there?


Rosie thinks 352 − 89 = 337 Rosie is incorrect Alex, Teddy and Dora are trying to work Accept different
because she has out 300 − 57 answers as long as
H T O subtracted the they are justified.
Who has the most efficient way of
digits in a different Children might
3 5 2 working it out?
order instead of Explain how you know. even suggest
− 8 9 exchanging. subtracting 60
I know that take away and then adding 3
3 3 7 The answer should means difference, so I
be 263 can do 299 take away
Is she correct? Alex 56 and get the right
Explain why. answer.
Use <, > or = to make the statements I can count on from 57

correct. > to 100, and then count
234 − 47 234 − 57 on to 300 Teddy
<
I can use the column
472 − 84 473 − 84 = method to work it out
406 − 89 416 − 99 and exchange when I
Dora need to.
Add Two 3-digit Numbers (1)

Children add two 3-digit numbers with no exchange. They Complete the calculations.
should focus on the lining up of the digits and setting the
additions clearly out in columns.
Having exchanged between columns in recent steps, look out
for children who exchange ones and tens when they don’t need ____ + ____ = ____
to.
Reinforce that we only exchange when there are 10 or more in
a column.
Mathematical Talk ____ + ____ = ____
Where would these digits go on the place value chart? Why?
Why do we make both numbers when we add? Use the column method to calculate:
Can you represent using the equipment? • Three hundred and forty-five add two hundred and thirty-six.
• Five hundred and sixteen plus three hundred and sixty-two.
Can you draw a picture to represent this?
• The total of two hundred and forty-seven and four hundred and
Why is it important to put the digits in the correct column? two.

Jack is calculating 506 + 243 Jack hasn’t used Here are three digit cards. Alex’s number is
zero as a place 432
2 3 4
Here is his working out. holder in the tens Teddy’s number is
column. 234
The correct
5 6
answer should be The total is 666
+ 2 4 3 749 Alex and Teddy are making 3-digit
numbers using each card once.
2 9 9
I have made the greatest
Can you spot Jack’s mistake? possible number.
Work out the correct answer. Alex
I have made the smallest

possible number.
Teddy
Work out the total of their two numbers.


Children add two 3-digit numbers with an exchange. They Use place value counters to calculate 455 + 436
start by adding numbers where there is one exchange
required before looking at questions where they need to 4 5 5
exchange in two different columns. Children may use
+ 4 3 6
Base 10 or place value counters to model their
understanding. Ensure that children continue to show the
written method alongside the concrete so they
understand when and why an exchange takes place.
Eva and Ron are playing a game.
Eva scores 351 points and Ron scores 478 points.
Mathematical Talk How many points do they score altogether?
How many more points does Ron score than Eva?
How many ones do we need to exchange for one ten?
Eva and Ron play the game again.
Eva scores 281 points, Ron scores 60 less than Eva.
How many tens do we need to exchange for one hundred?
How many points do they score altogether?
Can you work out how many points Eva and Ron scored each Complete the models.
over the two games?
457 187
Why is it so important to show the exchanged digit on the 178 349
column method?

Roll a 1 to 6 die. Discuss the rules Complete the statements to make them <
Fill in a box each time you roll. with the children correct. =
and what they 590
would need to roll 487 + 368 487 + 468
+ =
to get them e.g. In the first one we
to get an odd 326 + 258 325 + 259 start with the
Can you make the total:
number only one
same number, so
of the ones should
• An odd number be odd because if 391 + 600 = 401 + ____ the one we add
both ones have an more to will be
• An even number odd number, their Explain why you do not have to work out greater.
total will be even. the answers to compare them. In the second 325
• A multiple of 5 is one less than
326 and 259 is
• The greatest possible number one more than
258, so the total
• The smallest possible number will be the same.
In the last one 401
is 10 more than
391, so we need to
add 10 less than
600.
Subtract 3-digits from 3-digits (1)

It is important for the children to understand that there are We can count on using a number line to find the missing value on
different methods of subtraction. They needto explore efficient the bar model. E.g.
strategies for subtraction, including: + 4 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100
• counting on (number lines) 607
• near subtraction 203 404
• number bonds 203 207 307 407 507 607
They then move on to setting out formal column subtraction Use this method to find the missing values.
supported by practical equipment.
390 294
Mathematical Talk 273 ? ? 134
There are 146 girls and boys in a swimming club.

Which strategy would you use and why?
115 of them are girls. How many are boys?
How could you check your answer is correct?
Mo uses Base 10 to subtract 142 from 373
Does it matter which number is at the top of the subtraction? 3 7 3
− 1 4 2
Use Mo’s method to calculate:

565 − 154 565 − 145 565 − 165

Start with the number 888 The smallest Use the digit cards to complete the Possible answers
Roll a 1-6 die three times, to make a 3- difference is 222 calculation. include:
digit number. from rolling 111
Subtract the number from 888
What number have you got now? The largest
0 3 4 4 6 987 − 647 = 340
879 − 473 = 406

difference is 777
What’s the smallest possible difference? from rolling 666 7 7 8 9
What’s the largest possible difference? Children will never
have a multiple of
What if all the digits have to be different? 10 because you
can’t roll an 8 to
Will you ever find a difference that is a
multiple of 10? Why? subtract 8 ones.
Children may
Do you have more odd or even
investigate what is The digits in the shaded boxes are odd.
differences?
subtracted in the
ones column to Is there more than one answer?
make odd and even
numbers.

Children explore column subtraction using concrete Complete the calculations using place value counters.
manipulatives. It is important to show the column method
alongside so that children make the connection to the abstract
method and so understand what is happening. 372 − 145
Children progress from an exchange in one column, to an
exchange in two columns. Reinforce the importance of
recording any exchanges clearly in the written method.
629 − 483
Mathematical Talk Complete the column subtractions showing any exchanges.
Which method would you use for this calculation and why? H T O H T O H T O
What happens when you can’t subtract 9 ones from 7 ones? 6 8 3 2 3 4 5 0 7

What do we need to do?
− 2 3 4 − 1 9 5 − 4 5 1
How would you teach somebody else to use column
subtraction with exchange?
Why do we exchange? When do we exchange?


Work out the missing digits. 533 − 218 = 315 Eva is working out 406 − 289 Eva has
exchanged from
504 − 258 = 246 Here is her working out: the hundred
H T O
column to the
5 ? 3 Step 1 Step 2
ones so there are
− 2 1 8 106 ones in the
ones column. She
3 1 5
should have
exchanged 1
hundred for 10
H T O
tens and then 1 ten
? 0 ? Explain her mistake. for 10 ones.
− 2 ? 8 406 − 289 = 117
2 4 6
What should the answer be?

Estimate Answers
Children check how reasonable their answers are. While Estimate the position of arrows A and B on the number line.
rounding is not formally introduced until Year 4, it is helpful Use your estimations to estimate the difference between A and B.
that children can refer to ‘near numbers’ to see whether an A B
estimate is sensible.
Discuss why estimations are important. Consider real life
situations where children or adults need to estimate. Encourage 200 300 400
children to estimate calculations before working out precisely
to help to check working. Match each number to it’s ‘near number’.
497 304 52 27
Mathematical Talk
What would you estimate this to be? 30 500 50 300
Why did you choose this number? Use the near numbers to estimate the answers to the calculations:
Why is/isn’t this a sensible estimation to an answer? 497 + 304 304 − 27 27 + 52 + 304
How does estimating answers help us in real life? 27 + 304 497 − 52 304 − 52 − 27
52 + 497 497 − 304 304 + 52 − 27

Estimate Answers
Yes, because he Use the number cards to make different Possible answers:
I estimate 143 − 95 will found two calculations with an estimated answer of
be 50 because I will numbers close to 70 121 − 48
Tommy subtract 100 from 150 the original (120 − 50)
Is this a good estimate? Why? numbers. 121 33 48 41
41 + 33
He could have
Are there any other ways he could have (40 + 30)
estimated?
rounded to the
nearest 10 and
398 328 255
398 − 328
calculated.
(400 − 330)
140 − 100 (= 40)

Check Answers
Children explore ways of checking to see if an answer is Use a subtraction to check the answer to the addition.
reasonable.
Checking using inverse is to be encouraged so that children 134 + 45 = 179

are using a different method and not just potentially repeating
an error, for example, if they add in a different order.
Alex has baked 145 cakes for a bun sale.
She sells 78 cakes.
How many does she have left?
Mathematical Talk Show your answer using a bar model and check your answer
using an addition.
How can you tell if your answer is sensible?
Does knowing if a number is close to a multiple of 100 help

Write all the calculations you could make using these cards.
when adding and subtracting 3-digit numbers?
How does it help?
660 120 540 + − =
Does it help to check your answer if you spot which numbers
are near to multiples of 10?
How does counting in 10s, 50s and 100s help? 80 ©White Rose Maths
Check Answers
No, because you I completed an addition and then used Possible answers:
If I add two numbers cannot have “part the inverse to check my calculation.
together, I can check my 355 − 105 = 250
subtract part”.
Mo answer by using a When I checked my calculation, the
605 − 355 =
subtraction of the same You need to find answer was 250.
250
numbers after e.g. to the whole and this
check 23 + 14, needs to be at the One of the other numbers was 355.
So the calculation
I can do 14 − 23 start of the could have been:
What could the calculation be?
subtraction then
250 + 105 = 355
you subtract a part
Do you agree? Explain why. to check the ____ + ____ = ____ 250 + 355 =
remaining part. 605
____ − ____ = 250

Autumn - Block 3
Multiplication & Division
©White Rose Maths

Year 3 | Autumn Term | Week 9 to 12 – Number: Multiplication & Division
Overview
Multiplication – equal groups
Multiplication using the symbol

Using arrays Children should have met the 2, 5
2 times-table and 10 times table including
being able to divide by 2, 5 and
5 times-table
10. However it may not be fully
Make equal groups - sharing embedded.
Make equal groups - grouping
These recap steps could be
Divide by 2
filtered in during starters or
Divide by 5 morning work to aim for fluency.
Divide by 10
Multiply by 3
Divide by 3
The 3 times table

Overview
Multiply by 4
Divide by 4 Understanding of the 4 and 8
The 4 times table times table relies on a deep
knowledge of the 2s, therefore a
Multiply by 8
recap would be useful.
Divide by 8
The 8 times table

Multiplication – Equal Groups

Children recap their understanding of recognising, making and Describe the equal groups.
adding equal groups. This will allow them to build on prior
learning and prepare them for the next small steps.
____ equal groups of ____
____ equal groups of ____
How many different ways can you represent:

Six equal groups with 4 in each group?
Mathematical Talk Six 4s?
Complete:
What is the same and what is different between each of the
groups? Add It
What does the 3 represent?
What does the 8 represent? Say it Multiply it
There are ___ equal groups with

How can we represent the groups?
____ in each group.
There are ____ altogether.
Multiplication – Equal Groups

Which row of money is the odd one out? The first two rows Match the equal groups together. Sweets, squares,
have 4p in each two 3s
group, and 12p in
Three 5s
total.
Dice, cubes, three
Two 10s 5s
The third row has
5p in each group,
so 15p in total. Two 3s Coins, number
pieces, two 10s.
The third group is

therefore the odd
one out.
Explain why.

The Multiplication Symbol

Children are introduced to the multiplication symbol for the Complete the sentences to describe the equal groups.
first time. They should link repeated addition and
multiplication together, using stem sentences to support their ____ + ____ + ____ = 18
understanding.
They should also be able to interpret mathematical stories ____ × ____ = 18
and create their own involving multiplication.
There are ___ equal groups with ____ in each group.
The use of concrete resources and pictorial representations is
There are three ____.
still vital for understanding.
Complete:
Mathematical Talk Three 2s Draw It Addition Multiplication

There are 3
equal groups
What does the 3 represent? What does the 6 represent? with 2 in each
group.
What does ‘lots of’ mean? Complete:
Addition Multiplication Story
Does 18 = 3 × 6 mean the same?
10 + 10 + 10
How is 6 + 6 + 6 the same as 3 × 6? How is it different? 6×5

The Multiplication Symbol

He is correct Think of a multiplication to complete: Any two numbers
because which multiply
3+3+ 3=3×3 3+3+3=9 together to give an
and 3 × 3 = 9 6 + 6 + 6 > ___ × ___ answer of less
than 18
The total is 12, what could the addition
Is Mo correct? Explain why. and multiplication be? 6+6=2×6
Draw an image to help you. 2+2+2+2+2+2

=6×2
Use <, > or = to make the statements
3×5<5+5+ 3+3+3+3=4×3
correct.
5+5
4+4+4=3×4
3×5 5+5+5+5 2×2=2+2 12 = 1 × 12
2×2 2+2
10 × 2 > 5 + 5 + 1+1+1+1+1+1+
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 12
10 × 2 5 +5+5 5
×1

Use Arrays
Children explore arrays to see the commutativity of On the image, find 2 × 5 and 5 × 2
multiplication facts e.g. 5 × 2 = 2 × 5
The use of the array could be used to help children calculate

multiplication statements.
Can you represent this array using another object?
The multiplication symbol and language of ‘lots of’ should be
used interchangeably. Complete the number sentences to describe the arrays.
Mathematical Talk 2×3 and ____ × ____
Where are the 2 lots of 3?
Where are the 3 lots of 2?

____ × ____ and ____ × ____
What do you notice?
Draw an array to show:
What can we use to represent the eggs?
Can you draw an image? 4×5=5×4
3 lots of 10 = 10 lots of 3
Use Arrays
With 12 cubes, how many different Find different ways to solve six lots of Count in 3s
arrays can you create? three. 3 lots of 3 add 3
lots of 3
5 × 3 add 1 × 3
Once you have created your array etc.
1 × 12 = 12 × 1
complete:
2×6=6×2
____ × ____ = ____ × ____
3×4=4×3
Part of this array is hidden.
4×2
5×2
6×2
7×2
The total is less than 16
What could the array be?

The 2 Times-Table
Children should be comfortable with the concept of Count in 2s to calculate how many eyes there are.
multiplication so they can apply this to multiplication tables.
Images, as well as number tracks, should be used to

encourage children to count in twos. There are ____ eyes in total.
____ × ____ = ____
Resources such as cubes and number pieces are important
for children to explore equal groups within the 2 times-table. Complete the number track.
2 4 8 12
Mathematical Talk
14 16 18 24
If 16 p is made using 2 p coins, how many coins would there
be? 2 4 6 8
How many 2s go into 16? How many wheels are there on five bicycles?
How can the images of the 5 bicycles help you to solve the
problems?
If there are 14 wheels, how many bicycles are there?
The 2 Times-Table
Fill in the blanks. Eva says, Yes, because 2 is
2 even, and the 2
3 × ____ = 6
times-table is
____ × 2 = 20 10 going up in 2s.
Every number in the
2 times-table is even. When you add two
____ = 8 × 2
16 even numbers the
answer is always
even.
Tommy says that 10 × 2 = 22 No Tommy is Is she correct? Explain your answer.
wrong because 10
Is he correct?
× 2 = 20
Children could
draw an array or a
picture to explain
their answer.

The 5 Times-Table
Children can already count in 5s from any given number. How many petals altogether?
They will also have developed understanding of the 2 times-
table.
This small step is focused on the 5 times table and it is Write the calculation.
important to include the use of zero. Children should see the
= sign at both ends of the calculation to understand that it There are 35 fingers.
means ‘equals to’. How many hands?
Mathematical Talk ____ × 5 = 35
If there are 30 petals, how many flowers? Can you count in 5s Use <, > or = to make the statements correct.
to 30? How many 5s go into 30?
2×5 5×2
How many 5s go into 35?
What does each symbol mean? 3×2 4×5
10 × 5 5×5
The 5 Times-Table
Is Mo correct? Mo is incorrect Tommy and Rosie have both drawn bar The total shown is
because some of models to show 7 × 5 the same.
the multiples of Tommy’s bar
Every number in the 35
the five times- shows seven lots
5 times table is odd. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
table are even, e.g. of 5 whereas
10, 20, 30 Rosie’s bar show
35
five lots of 7
Explain your answer. 7 7 7 7 7
Children can
Whitney could What’s the same and what is different choose either way
Tubes of tennis balls come in packs of
about their bar models?
2 and 5 have: to represent 4 × 5
4 packs of 5 and 1 Draw your own bar model to represent
Whitney has 22 tubes of balls. pack of 2, 4×5
11 packs of 2 and
How many of each pack could she
have? 0 packs of 5,
2 packs of 5 and 6
How many ways can you do it? packs of 2

Year 2 | Spring Term | Week 1 to 2 – Number: Multiplication & Division
Make Equal Groups - Sharing

Children divide by sharing objects into equal groups using Share the 12 cubes equally into the two boxes.
one-to-one correspondence. They need to do this using
concrete manipulatives in different contexts, then move on to There are ___ cubes altogether.
pictorial representations. There are ___ boxes.
There are ___ cubes in each box.
Children will be introduced to the ‘÷’ symbol. They will begin
to see the link between division and multiplication. Can you share the 12 cubes equally into 3 boxes?
24 children are put into 4 equal teams.

How many children are in each team?
Mathematical Talk
Can you use manipulatives to represent the children to show how
you found your answer?
How many do you have to begin with?
How many equal groups are you sharing between?
Ron draws this bar model to divide 20
How many are in each group?
20 into 4 equal groups.
How do you know that you have shared the objects equally?
How does his model represent this?
He writes 20 ÷ 4 = 5
___ has been shared equally into ___ equal groups.
5 5 5 5
I have ___ in each group.
What other number sentences could Ron create using his model?
___ groups of ___ make ____

Make Equal Groups - Sharing

Jack says, Possible answer : Alex has 20 sweets and shares them Alex’s friends get
between 5 friends. more because
I can work out 40 ÷ 2
easily because I know Tommy is sharing
that 40 is the same as 4
Tommy has 20 sweets and shares them with more people
tens. For 60 ÷ 4 the between 10 friends.
so they will get
children will need
to exchange 2 Whose friends will receive the most fewer sweets each.
This is what he does: sweets? Alex’s friends will
tens for 20 ones
so they can put get 4 sweets each
one 10 and 5 How do you know? whereas Tommy’s
ones into each friends will only
group.
get 2 sweets each.
40 ÷ 2 = 20
Is it possible to work out 60 ÷ 3 in the
same way?
Prove it.
Is it possible to work out 60 ÷ 4?
What is different about this calculation?
Make Equal Groups - Grouping

Children divide by making equal groups. They then count on Pencils come in packs of 20
to find the total number of groups. We need to put 5 in each pot.
How many pots will we need?
They need to do this using concrete manipulatives and
There are ___ pencils altogether.
pictorially in a variety of contexts.
There are ___ pencils in each pot.
There are ___ pots.
They need to recognise the link between division,
multiplication and repeated addition. Mrs Green has 18 sweets.
She puts 3 sweets in each bag.
18 ÷ 3 =
Mathematical Talk How many bags can she fill?
18
How many do you have to begin with?

How many groups can you make? 3 3
Mo uses a number line to work out how many equal groups
How long should your number line be? of 2 he can make from 12
What will you count up in?
_____ groups of _____ make ______ Use a number line to work out how many equal groups of 5
you can make from 30
Make Equal Groups - Grouping

You have 30 counters. 10 groups of 3 Amir has some counters. He could have 30
3 groups of 10 He makes 5 equal groups. counters in 5
6 groups of 5 groups of 6
How many different ways can you put 5 groups of 6 The amount he started with
them into equal groups? is greater than 10 but less
2 groups of 15 than 35 25 counters in 5
Write down all the possible ways. 15 groups of 2 groups of 5
1 group of 30 How many counters could he have
30 groups of 1 started with? 20 counters in 5
groups of 4
How many will be in each group?
15 counters in 5
groups of 3

Divide by 2
Children should be secure with grouping and sharing. They Complete the stem sentences.
will use this knowledge to help them divide by 2
÷ =
They will be secure with representing division as an abstract I have ___ cubes altogether.
number sentence using the division and equals symbol. There are ___ in each group.
There are ___ groups. × =
Children should be able to count in 2s and know their 2 times
table. Group the socks into pairs.
÷ =
Mathematical Talk × =
Complete the number sentences.
What do you notice when you group these objects into twos? Mo and Tommy have 12 sweets between them. They share
them equally. How many sweets does each child get?
Is there a link between dividing by 2 and halving?
There are ___ sweets altogether. 12
What is different about sharing into two groups and grouping in There are ___ groups.
twos? There are ___ in each group.
Complete the bar model and write a calculation to match.
Can we write a multiplication sentence as well as a division
sentence? What do you notice?
Divide by 2
I have 24p. The calculation is Ron has shared some grapes equally Possible answer:
I divide it equally between 2 friends. the same in both. between two friends.
How much will they get each? In the first He must have
question we are started with an
I have 24p in 2p coins.
How many 2p coins do I have? sharing, whereas Ron’s friends even number of
in the second grapes.
Consider the two questions above. question we are Each friend receives fewer than 50
What is the same and what is different? He could have
grouping. grapes.
started with 40
Tommy and Annie have some counters. Tommy has 30
Complete the sentences to describe the grapes.
counters. number of grapes Ron started with.
Tommy shares his counters into 2 equal
groups. Annie has 38 He can’t have
He has 15 in each group. counters. He must have started with… started with 100
Annie has 8 more. grapes.
Annie groups her counters in twos. He could have started with…
Children could
She has 19 groups.
have compared 15
Who has more counters and by how He can’t have started with…
and 19 and
many?
realised they could
How did you work it out?
have done 2 × 4
Divide by 5
During this step, children focus on efficient strategies and Take 30 cubes.
whether they should use grouping or sharing depending on How many towers of 5 can you make?
the context of the question. You can make ___ towers of 5
___ towers of 5 is the same as 30
They use their knowledge of the five times table to help them 30 is the same as ___ towers of 5
divide by 5
40 pencils are shared between 5 children.
They will continue to see the = sign both before and after the
calculation.
Mathematical Talk ÷ ÷ =
How many pencils does each child get?

How can we represent the problem using objects/images?
Group the 1p coins into 5s.
How does knowing your 5 times table help when dividing by 5? How many 5p coins do we
need to make the same amount of money?
Circle all the multiples of 5 on a 100 square. What do you notice Draw coins and complete the missing information.
about the numbers? Can you explain the pattern? How does • ___ lots of 5p = 20 one pence coins
this help you to divide these numbers? • ___ lots of 5p = 20p
• 20p = ___ × 5p
When would we count in 5s? • 20p ÷ 5 = ___
Divide by 5
A party bag contains 5 sweets. 15 party bags. Use the number cards to make 4 × 5 = 20
A jar contains 5 party bags. 3 jars. multiplication and division sentences. 5 × 4 = 20
20 ÷ 4 = 5
How many can you make? 20 ÷ 5 = 4
5 × 2 = 10
2 × 5 = 10
Ron has 75 sweets. 10 ÷ 2 = 5
2 20 5 10 ÷ 5 = 2
How many party bags will he need? 20 ÷ 2 = 10
20 ÷ 10 = 2
How many jars will he need?
2 × 10 = 20
10 4 10 × 2 = 20

Divide by 10
Children should already be able to multiply by 10 and Apples can be sold in packs of 10
recognise multiples of 10. They will need to use both grouping How many packs can be made below?
and sharing to divide by 10 depending on the context of the
problem.
÷ ÷ =
Children start to see that grouping and counting in 10s is
more efficient than sharing into 10 equal groups. When 30 apples are sold in packs of 10, ___ packs of apples
can be made.
Can you show this in a bar model?
Mathematical Talk Label and explain what each part represents.
I have 70p in my pocket made up of 10p coins. How many

What can we use to represent the problem? coins do I have? Draw a picture to prove your answer.
How does knowing your 10 times table help you to divide by Fill in the missing numbers.
10?
• 70 ÷ 10 = ___
Circle all the multiples of 10 on a hundred square. • 6 tens ÷ 1 ten = ___
What do you notice? Can you explain the pattern? • 5 = ___ ÷ 10
• There are ___ tens in 40
How many groups of 10 are there in ___ ?
Divide by 10
Mrs Owen has some sweets. They could have: Cakes are sold in boxes of 10 Alex is correct
10 ÷ 10 = 1 Jack and Alex are trying to pack these because there are
She shares them equally between 10 20 ÷ 10 = 2 cakes into boxes. 60 cakes and 60
tables. 30 ÷ 10 = 3 divided by 10 is 6
How many sweets could each table 40 ÷ 10 = 4
have? 50 ÷ 10 = 5 Jack has
etc Jack says, incorrectly
Find as many ways as you can. There are 5 grouped the cakes,
The tens digit is groups of 10 he might have
What do you notice about your the same as the counted the rows
answers?
answer. wrong. He hasn’t
put them in 10s.
True or false? Alex says,
He incorrectly
Dividing by 10 is the same as dividing by assumed there
There are 6
5 then dividing by 2 True were 10 in each
groups of 10
row.
Who is correct? Explain how you know.

Multiply by 3
Children draw on their knowledge of counting in threes in There are five towers with 3 cubes in each tower.
order to start to multiply by 3 How many cubes are there altogether?
They use their knowledge of equal groups to use concrete and ____ + ____ + ____ + ____ + ____ = ____
pictorial methods to solve questions and problems involving
multiplying by 3 ____ × ____ = ____
There are 7 tricycles in a playground.

How many wheels are there altogether?
Mathematical Talk Complete the bar model to find the answer.
?
How many equal groups do we have?
How many are in each group? 3 3 3
How many do we have altogether?
Can you write a number sentence to show this? There are 3 tables with 6 children on each table.
Can you represent the problem in a picture? How many children are there altogether?
Can you use concrete apparatus to solve the problem? ____ lots of ____ = ____
How many lots of 3 do we have?
How many groups of 3 do we have? ____ × ____ = ____
Multiply by 3
There are 8 children. There are 24 If 5 × 3 = 15, which number sentences 5×3+3
Each child has 3 sweets. sweets altogether. would find the answer to 6 × 3? because one more
How many sweets altogether? lot of 3 will find
Children may use • 5×3+6 the answer.
Use concrete or pictorial representations items such as
to show this problem. counters or cubes. • 5×3+3
Write another repeated addition and They could draw a • 15 + 3 15 + 3 because

multiplication problem and ask a friend to bar model for a adding one more
represent it. pictorial • 15 + 6 lot of 3 to the
representation. answer to 5 lots
• 3×6
will give me 6 lots.
3 × 6 because 3
×6=6×3
(because
multiplication is
commutative).

Divide by 3
Children explore dividing by 3 through sharing into three equal Circle the counters in groups of 3 and complete the division.
groups and grouping in threes.
They use concrete and pictorial representations and use their ____ ÷ 3 = ____
knowledge of the inverse to check their answers.
Circle the counters in 3 equal groups and complete the division.
____ ÷ 3 = ____
Mathematical Talk
What’s different about the ways you have circled the counters?
Can you put the counters into groups of three?
There are 12 pieces of fruit. They are shared equally between 3
Can you share the number into three groups? bowls. How many pieces of fruit are in each bowl?
Use cubes/counters to represent fruit and share between 3 circles.
What is the difference between sharing and grouping?
Bobbles come in packs of 3

If there are 21 bobbles altogether, how many packs are there?
Divide by 3
Share 33 cubes between 3 groups. The number Jack has 18 seeds. Bar model B
sentences are both matches the
Complete: the same. He plants 3 seeds in each pot. problem because
There are 3 groups with _____ cubes in The numbers in Jack plants 3
each group. Which bar model matches the problem?
33 ÷ 3 = _____ each number seeds in each pot,
sentence mean therefore he will
different things. A have 6 groups
Put 33 cubes into groups of 3 In the first question, (pots), each with 3
the ‘3’ means the seeds.
Complete: number of groups
There are _____ groups with 3 cubes in B
the cubes are
each group.
33 ÷ 3 = _____ shared into
because the cubes Explain your choice.
are being shared.
What is the same about these two In the second
divisions? question, the ‘3’
What is different? means the size of
each group.

The 3 Times Table

Children draw together their knowledge of multiplying and Complete the number sentences.
dividing by three in order to become more fluent in the three
times table. 1 triangle has 3 sides. 1×3=3
3 triangles have ____ sides in total. 3 × ____ = ____
Children apply their knowledge to different contexts. ____ triangles have 6 sides in total. ____ × ____ = 6
5 triangles have ____ sides in total. ____ × ____ = ____
Tick the number sentences that the image shows.
12 ÷ 3 = 4 3 = 12 ÷ 4
Mathematical Talk 12 = 4 × 3 3 × 12 = 4
3 ÷ 4 = 12 3 × 4 = 12
Can you use concrete or pictorial representations to help you?
What other facts can you link to this one? Fill in the missing number facts.
What other times table will help us with this question? 1 × 3 = ____ ____ × 3 = 30
2 × ____ = 6 8 × ____ = 24
____ = 3 × 3 6 × 3 = ____
9 × 3 = ____ 21 = ____ × 3
The 3 Times Table

Sort the cards below so they follow round Order: Start this rhythm: Clicks are
in a loop. multiples of three.
18 − 3 Clap, clap, click, clap, clap, click.
Start at 18 − 3 On the 15th beat, I
15 ÷ 3
Calculate the answer to this calculation. Carry on the rhythm, what will you do on will be clicking
The next card needs to be begin with this 5×2 the 15th beat? because 15 is a
answer. 10 × 2
multiple of 3
20 + 1 How do you know?
21 ÷ 3 On the 20th beat, I
7×2 What will you be doing on the 20th beat? will be clapping
14 − 2 because 20 is not
12 ÷ 3 a multiple of 3
4×2
8−5
3×6

Multiply by 4
Building on their knowledge of the two times table, children Match the multiplication to the representation.
multiply by 4
They link multiplying by 4 to doubling then doubling again. 4×4
Children connect multiplying by 4 to repeated addition and
counting in 4s.
To show the multiplication of 4, children may use number 4×6
pieces, cubes, counters, bar models etc.
8×4
Mathematical Talk How many dots are there altogether?

There are ____ dice with ____ dots on each.
How many do we have altogether?
Can you write a number sentence to show this? There ____ fours.
Can you represent the problem in a picture? ____ × ____ = ____ dots.
Can you use concrete apparatus to solve the problem?
There are 4 pens in a pack.
How many pens are there in 7 packs?
How many groups of 4 do we have?
Multiply by 4
Tommy has four bags with five sweets in Annie has more Here is a blue strip of paper. The blue strip is 4
each bag. sweets. cm long.
Annie has six bags with four sweets in The orange strip is
She has four more
each bag. An orange strip is four times as long. 16 cm long.
sweets than
Who has more sweets? Tommy. The orange strip is
4 times as long as
How many more sweets do they have? The strips are joined end to end. the blue strip, so
there are 5 equal
Draw a picture to show this problem. parts in total, and
the length of each
How long is the blue strip? part is:
20 ÷ 5 = 4 cm
How long is the orange strip?
long.
Explain how you know. To find the length
of the orange part:
4 × 4 = 16 cm.
Divide by 4
Children explore dividing by 4 through sharing into four equal Circle the buttons in groups of 4.
groups and grouping in fours.
They use concrete and pictorial representations and their

knowledge of the inverse to check their answers. Can you also split the buttons into 4 equal groups?
How is this the same? How is it different?
There are some cars in a car park.

Each car has 4 wheels.
In the car park there are 32 wheels altogether.
Mathematical Talk How many cars are there?
Can you put the buttons into groups of fours? ____ ÷ ____ = ____
Complete the bar models and the calculations.

Can you share the number into four groups?
24
24 ÷ 4 = ____
What is the difference between sharing and grouping?
____ ÷ 4 = ____
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Divide by 4
Which of the word problems can be No, the calculation Five children are playing a game. Mo = 4 buckets.
solved using 12 ÷ 4? is 12 × 4 = 48
They score 4 points for every bucket they Eva = 7 buckets.
sweets
There are 12 bags of sweets with 4 knock down.
Tommy = 3
sweets in each bag.
How many sweets are there altogether? Yes, 12 is being buckets.
grouped into 4s.
Amir = 8 buckets.
A rollercoaster carriage holds 4 people.
How many carriages are needed for 12 Yes, 12 is being Mo 16
Dora = 2 buckets.
people? shared equally into Eva 28
4 groups. Tommy 12
I have 12 crayons and share them Amir 32
equally between 4 people. They knocked
How many crayons does each person Dora 8 down 24 buckets
receive? No, the calculation How many buckets did they knock down altogether.
is 12 − 4 = 8 each?
I have 12 buns and I give 4 to my buns How many buckets did they knock down
brother. altogether?
Eva knocked 3
How many do I have left? How many more buckets did Eva knock
down than Mo? more buckets
Explain your reasoning for each. down than Mo.
The 4 Times Table

Children use knowledge of known multiplication tables (2, 3, 5 Use the pictorial representations to complete the calculations.
and 10 times tables) and understanding of key concepts of
multiplication to develop knowledge of the 4 times table. 1 × 4 = ____
Children who have learnt 3 × 4 = 12 can use understanding of 2 × 4 = ____

commutativity to know that 4 × 3 = 12
3 × 4 = ____
Continue the pattern.

Mathematical Talk 2 cars have eight wheels. How many wheels do four cars have?
2×4=8 4 × 4 = ____
What do you notice about the pattern?
Three cows have 12 legs. How many legs do six cows have?
3 × ____ = 12 6 × ____ = ____
What other facts can you link to this one?
Colour in the multiples of 4
What other times tables will help you with this times table? What pattern do you notice?

The 4 Times Table

4×4 Which part below does not show The place value
I have forgotten what
=3×4+4 counting in fours? counters do not
4 × 4 is.
= 12 + 4 show counting in
Jack says, = 16 fours because
“The answer is more than 3 × 4” each part has 3 in
4+4+4+4
Complete the calculation to prove this. so it is counting in
4 × 4 = 3 × 4 + __ 4×4 threes.
=5×4−4
Mo says, = 20 − 4
“The answer is 4 less than 5 × 4” 4 4 4
= 16
Complete the calculation to prove this.
4 × 4 = __ × 4 − __
4×4 Explain why.
Teddy says,
“The answer is double 2 × 4” =2×4×2
= 16
Complete the calculation to prove this.
4 × 4 = __ × 4 × __
Whose idea do you prefer? Why?

Multiply by 8
Building on their knowledge of the 4 times table, children start
to multiply by 8, understanding that each multiple of 8 is
double its equivalent multiple of 4 How many legs altogether do four spiders have?
They link multiplying by eight to previous knowledge of equal There are ____ legs on each spider.
groups and repeated addition. Children explore the concept of ____ + ____ + ____ + ____ = ____
multiplying by 8 in different ways, when 8 is the multiplier (first ____ × 8 = ____
number in the multiplication calculation) and where 8 is the If there are ____ spiders, there will be ____ legs altogether.
multiplicand (second number).
Arrange 24 counters in an array as
shown and complete the calculations.
Mathematical Talk
____ + ____ + ____ = ____ × ____
____ + ____ + ____ + ____ + ____+ ____ + ____+ ____ = ____ × ____
How many do we have altogether? Fill in the table to show that multiplying by 8 is the same as double,
Can you write a number sentence to show this? double and double again.
Can you represent the problem in a picture? 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Can you use concrete apparatus to solve the problem?
6 × 2 = ____ 6 × 2 = ____ 6 × 2 = ____ 6 × 2 = ____
How many groups of 8 do we have? ____ × 2 = ____ ____ × 2 = ____
We have 8 groups, how many are in each group? ____ × 2 = ____
Multiply by 8
8 × 3 = ____ All of the answers Start each function machine with the Each time the final
2 × 4 × 3 = ____ are equal. same number. number is 8 times
2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = ____ 8 has been split greater than the
×2 ×2 ×2
(factorised) into 2 starting number.
What do you notice?
Why do you think this has happened? and 4 in the
Tommy should
second question
×4 ×2 use the yellow row
and 2, 2 and 2 in
because he can
the third.
double each
Possible answers: ×8 multiple of 4 to
Jack calculates 8 × 6 by doing
5 × 6 and 3 × 6 and adding them. I prefer Jack’s calculate a
method because I number multiplied
____ + ____ = ____ What do you notice about each final
know my 5 and 3 by 8 e.g. 4 × 6 =
Ron calculates 8 × 6 by doing times tables. answer?
24 so 8 × 6 is
4×6×2 I prefer Ron’s double that (48).
Tommy knows the 4 times table table,
____ × 2 = ____ method because I
but is still learning the 8 times table
know my 4 times table.
Whose method do you prefer?
table and can
Explain why.
double numbers. Which colour row should he use? Why?
Divide by 8
Children explore dividing by 8 through sharing into eight equal There are 32 children in a PE lesson.
groups and grouping in eights. They are split into 8 equal teams for a relay race.
How many children are in each team?
They use concrete and pictorial representations and their Use counters or multi-link to represent each child.
knowledge of inverse operations to check their answers.
There are ____ teams with ____ children in each team.
Crayons are sold in packs of 8.

Year 3 need 48 crayons.
How many packs should be ordered?
Mathematical Talk
They should order ____ packs of crayons.
What concrete/pictorial representations might help you?
Complete:
Can you group the numbers in eights?
80 ÷ 8 = ____ 8 = 72 ÷ ____
Can you share the number into eights groups?
Can you use any prior knowledge to check your answer? 64 ÷ 8 = ____ 8 × ____ = 40
____ × 8 = 24 ____ ÷ 8 = 7
Divide by 8
48 ÷ 2 = ____ The answers Amir shares 24 sweets equally between Although both can
(quotients) halve 8 friends. represent
48 ÷ 4 = ____ and the divisors How many do they get each? 24 ÷ 8 = 3, the
Which bar model would you use to
double. first bar model fits
48 ÷ 8 = ____ represent this problem? Why?
this word problem
What do you notice about the answers to 24 best, because 24
these questions? has been split into
8 parts, 1 part
Can you predict what 48 ÷ 16 would be? 3 shows 1 friend.
Which numbers can be divided by 8 64, 32, 800, 200

without a remainder?
24
64 32 800
18 200 42

The 8 Times Table

Children use prior knowledge of multiplication facts for 2, 3, 4 Complete the diagram using known facts.
and 5 times tables along with the distributive law in order to
calculate unknown multiplication facts. 5 × 8=
6×8 5 × 8= 5×8
6×8
altogether
5×8
Complete the bar model.

Mathematical Talk 56
Why is it helpful to partition the number you are multiplying

by? Complete the table.
× 2 4 8
3 6
What other facts can you link to this one?
10 20
What other times tables will help you with this times table? 72
Can you spot a pattern in the numbers?
The 8 Times Table

. When you add an Rosie has some packs of cola which are Possible answers:
All the numbers in the 8 even number to an in a box. • 2 packs of 4, 7
times table are even. even number you
packs of 8
always make an even Some packs have 4 cans in them, and
• 4 packs of 4, 6
Explain why number. some packs have 8 cans in them.
The 8 times table is packs of 8
repeated addition so • 6 packs of 4, 5
keeps adding an even packs of 8
number each time. • 8 packs of 4, 4
On a blank hundred square, colour 1) Sometimes, every
packs of 8
multiples of 8 red and multiples of 4 other multiple of 4 is
also a multiple of 8
• 10 packs of 4, 3
blue. Rosie’s box contains 64 cans of pop.
The ones in between packs of 8
aren’t because the How many packs of 4 cans and how • 12 packs of 4, 2
Always, Sometimes, Never jumps are smaller packs of 8
many packs of 8 cans could there be?
than 8 • 14 packs of 4, 1
• Multiples of 4 are also multiples of 8 2) Always – 8 is a Find all the possibilities. pack of 8
multiple of 4
• Multiples of 8 are also multiples of 4 therefore all multiples
of 8 will be multiples
of 4

Year 3 Full Autumn Term

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Autumn Scheme of Learning

New for 2020/21 Lesson-by-lesson overviews

Inevitably, this lesson-by-lesson structure won’t suit

Teaching for Mastery Concrete - Pictorial - Abstract

For more information visit our online training and

4 ©White Rose Maths

Teddy Rosie Mo Eva Alex

Jack Whitney Amir Dora Tommy

Dexter Ron Annie

Number: Multiplication and

6 ©White Rose Maths

©White Rose Maths

Represent numbers to 100 Children should already have

8 ©White Rose Maths

Represent Numbers to 100

Match the number to the correct representation.

Which resource do you prefer to use for larger numbers? Which

Represent Numbers to 100

10 ©White Rose Maths

Tens and Ones (2)

Tens and Ones (2)

What would the next number in the 5 tens + 3 ones =

12 ©White Rose Maths

What numbers wouldn't we say? 900 800 500

14 ©White Rose Maths

Children need to see numbers with zeros in different columns,

15 ©White Rose Maths

Work out the amount he has covered up.

How many different ways can you make

16 ©White Rose Maths

100s, 10s and 1s (1)

They should be able to represent different 3-digit numbers in

What is the value of the number shown on the place value

100s, 10s and 1s (1)

I notice that 647 Use the place value grid to help.

18 ©White Rose Maths

100s, 10s and 1s (2)

If one more 10 is added, what number would be shown?

Why is it important to put the values into the correct column

100s, 10s and 1s (2)

Do you agree? Explain your answer.

Number Line to 1,000

Number lines should be shown with or without start and end

Mathematical Talk Which letter is closest to 250?

What is the value of each interval on the number line? A B C D

Number Line to 1,000

22 ©White Rose Maths

1, 10, 100 More or Less

100 less Number 100 more

What happens when I subtract 10 from 209?

23 ©White Rose Maths

1, 10, 100 More or Less

What strategy did you use to compare the two numbers?

Use <, > or = to make the statements correct.

What strategy did you use to compare the numbers?

30 ©White Rose Maths

They should start from any given multiple of 50 and be able to 5 10 15 20 25 30

50 100 150 200 250 300

Complete the number tracks.