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Chapter 2023
2022 2021 2020 2019
name (Jan + Apr)

Vectors 3+2 10 14 3 6
Chapter Overview
● Scalars & Vectors
● Unit Vector
● Mathematical Representation
● Types of Vectors
● Angle between Vectors
● Addition of Vectors
● Multiplication of Vectors
○ Dot Product
○ Cross Product
 Scalars

A scalar is a quantity that is fully

described by a magnitude only.
It is described by just a number.

Examples: Speed, volume, mass,

temperature, power, energy, time, etc.
 Vectors
A vector is a quantity that has
1) Magnitude
2) Direction
3) Follows the Laws of Vector Addition.
Examples: Force, velocity, acceleration,
displacement, momentum,etc.
Current has both Magnitude and
Direction but it is a Scalar Quantity
Representation of a vector
Representation of a vector

A
Magnitude of vector

A
Plot the following vectors

(i) along East

(ii) 4m along East 30o North of East
(iii) 4m along 60o West of South
Types of vectors

1. Unit vector

Vector whose magnitude is unity

Types of vectors

1. Unit vector

Vector whose magnitude is unity

A= A
A
4m along East 30o North of East
Unit vectors along x, y and z axis

z
 Mathematical Representation

2D A = A x + Ay

ፀ
x
x
Mathematical Representation

3D
z A = Ax + A y + AZ

y
Components Of a Vector

θ
Components Of a Vector

θ
Write following Vectors mathematically

y-axis

30°
x-axis
Write following Vectors mathematically

y-axis

4m

60°
x-axis
Write following Vectors mathematically

y-axis

30°
2m

x-axis
 Trigonometric Ratios Table

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃

37o

53o
Write following Vectors mathematically

y-axis

x-axis
37°

5m
 7

7
37°

5
Types of vectors

1. Parallel vectors

Vectors having same direction

Types of vectors

2. Anti Parallel vectors

Vectors having opposite direction

Types of vectors

3. Equal vectors

Vectors having same magnitude

and same direction
 Some Important terms of Vectors
● If a vector is placed parallel to itself, it does
not change.

𝜃 𝜃
Types of vectors

4. Negative of a vector
Vector with same magnitude but
opposite direction

A
-A
Types of vectors

5. Zero vector
Vector with zero magnitude and
arbitrary direction

0
 Angle between vectors

It is the smaller of the two angles between the vectors

when they are placed tail to tail or head to head.

𝜃
𝜃
 Addition of vectors

3 Methods

In terms of
Graphical Analytical

Triangle Law Parallelogram Law B

 Triangle Law of Vector Addition

B
 Parallelogram Law of Vector Addition

B
B
Polygon Law of Vector Addition
 Another Form of Triangle Law
When three vectors are represented by three sides
of triangle taken in same order, then three resultant
is always a null vector.
Subtraction using Triangle Law
 Subtraction using Parallelogram Law

B
Q The sum of magnitude of two vectors is 16. The
Magnitude of their vector sum is 8. If resultant is
perpendicular to one of vectors. Find magnitude
of vectors.
Analytical Methods of Vector addition
Analytical Methods of Vector addition
Vector subtraction
Vector subtraction

180-𝛉
 Important Cases

1. Max and Min Resultant

 Special Cases

2. Perpendicular Vectors
 Special Cases

3. Same Magnitude vectors

𝜃
Let’s solve Questions
without Pen
Q If Magnitude of resultant of two vectors of equal
magnitude is equal to times of their
magnitudes, then find angle between them

A 15°

B 30°

C 45°

D 60°
Q If Magnitude of resultant of two vectors of equal
magnitude is equal to times of their
magnitudes, then find angle between them

A 15°

B 30°

C 45°

D 60°
Q The magnitude of difference of two vectors is
equal to times their magnitude.
Then find the angle between vectors.

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Q The magnitude of difference of two vectors is
equal to times their magnitude.
Then find the angle between vectors.

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Q If resultant of two vectors having equal
magnitude is equal to their individual
magnitude, then find angle between vectors

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Q If resultant of two vectors having equal
magnitude is equal to their individual
magnitude, then find angle between vectors

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Q The magnitude of difference of two vectors is
equal to their magnitude, then find the angle
between vectors.

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Q The magnitude of difference of two vectors is
equal to their magnitude, then find the angle
between vectors.

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Q The magnitude of difference of two vectors is
equal to times their individual magnitude.
Then find the angle between the vectors.

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Q The magnitude of difference of two vectors is
equal to times their individual magnitude.
Then find the angle between the vectors.

A 30°

B 60°

C 90°

D 120°
Addition In terms of 3 unit vectors

A =Ax +Ay +Az

B =Bx + By + Bz

A + B =(Ax+ Bx ) + ( Ay+ By ) + (Az+ Bz )

A - B = (Ax- Bx ) + ( Ay- By ) + (Az- Bz )

Q
Given and
Then find ?
 Vector Multiplication

Dot Product Cross Product

✖
Dot product / Scalar Product

= A B COS𝛉

𝛉
Q
Find the Dot product of the given vectors.
Properties of Dot Product

● Dot product is distributive is nature.

● It is commutative in nature.
Properties of Dot Product

● Dot product of a vector with itself is

equal to square of its magnitude.
Analytical Method to find Dot Product

A = Ax î + Ay ĵ + Az k̂
B = Bx î + By ĵ + Bz k̂
Q
Given: and
Find .

A - 20

B - 10

C - 22

D - 32
Q
Given: and
Find .

A - 20

B - 10

C - 22

D - 32
Applications of Dot Product
1. Finding Angle between Vectors:

𝛉°

A
Q
Find angle between following vectors:
and

D
Q
Find angle between following vectors:
and

D
 Applications of Dot Product
2. To check if Vectors are perpendicular or not
 24 Jan - Shift 1
Q Vectors
are perpendicular to each other
when 3a + 2b = 7, the ratio of a to b is The value
of x is__
 24 Jan - Shift 1
Q Vectors
are perpendicular to each other
when 3a + 2b = 7, the ratio of a to b is The value
of x is__

Ans = 1
Applications of Dot Product
3. To find components of one vector in
direction of another vector
Q
Find the component of in direction
 Right Hand Thumb rule

A×B

n̂

❏ According to this rule:

❏ Stretch your finger in the direction of A
❏ Curl them towards B keeping your thumb erect.
❏ Then Your thumb will give you the direction of A × B
n̂

B×A
 Properties of Cross Product
● Cross product of a vector with itself is
always ZERO
 Properties of Cross Product

● Vector Product is Anticommutative i.e.,

 Properties of Cross Product

● Vector product is distributive over addition i,e.,

 Properties of Cross Product

● The direction of A × B is always

perpendicular to the plane of A and B.
Cross product/vector product
Cross product between unit vectors
Cross product/vector product

A = a1î + b1 ĵ+ c1̂ k

B = a2î + b2ĵ+ c2̂ k

 25 Jan - Shift 1
Q
 25 Jan - Shift 1
Q

Ans = 4
Application of Cross Product
1. Cross product is used to check whether the
vectors are parallel or antiparallel
Application of Cross Product
2. Cross product is used to to find the area
of triangle or parallelogram formed by two vectors.
 Application of Cross Product
2. Cross product is used to to find the area
of triangle or parallelogram formed by two
vectors.

•
B

• A
Application of Cross Product
3. Cross product is used to check the
coplanarity of 3 vectors
Surely Solve DPP
 CRACK JEE

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