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    Climate Change Impact On Hydraulic Infrastructures

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    habtamufenta386
    This document is a literature review submitted by Dawit Tamirat to their professor Alemseged Tamiru assessing the potential impacts of climate change on hydraulic infrastructures. It discusses how climate change is causing rises in global temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions, which can affect infrastructure materials like concrete and steel through extreme events such as flooding and drought. The review examines how climate change can increase precipitation intensity, reduce snowpack, cause more droughts and heat waves, increase wind speeds, reduce water supply and increase demand. It also discusses approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change through policies, technological options, improved risk management and material selection.

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    Climate Change Impact On Hydraulic Infrastructures

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    habtamufenta386
    17 views4 pages
    This document is a literature review submitted by Dawit Tamirat to their professor Alemseged Tamiru assessing the potential impacts of climate change on hydraulic infrastructures. It discusses how climate change is causing rises in global temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions, which can affect infrastructure materials like concrete and steel through extreme events such as flooding and drought. The review examines how climate change can increase precipitation intensity, reduce snowpack, cause more droughts and heat waves, increase wind speeds, reduce water supply and increase demand. It also discusses approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change through policies, technological options, improved risk management and material selection.

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    This document is a literature review submitted by Dawit Tamirat to their professor Alemseged Tamiru assessing the potential impacts of climate change on hydraulic infrastructures. It discusses how climate change is causing rises in global temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions, which can affect infrastructure materials like concrete and steel through extreme events such as flooding and drought. The review examines how climate change can increase precipitation intensity, reduce snowpack, cause more droughts and heat waves, increase wind speeds, reduce water supply and increase demand. It also discusses approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change through policies, technological options, improved risk management and material selection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views4 pages

    Climate Change Impact On Hydraulic Infrastructures

    Uploaded by

    habtamufenta386
    This document is a literature review submitted by Dawit Tamirat to their professor Alemseged Tamiru assessing the potential impacts of climate change on hydraulic infrastructures. It discusses how climate change is causing rises in global temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions, which can affect infrastructure materials like concrete and steel through extreme events such as flooding and drought. The review examines how climate change can increase precipitation intensity, reduce snowpack, cause more droughts and heat waves, increase wind speeds, reduce water supply and increase demand. It also discusses approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change through policies, technological options, improved risk management and material selection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Arba Minch University

    School of post graduate studies


    Hydraulic Engineering Department

    Climate change impact on Hydraulic


    infrastructures

    By: Dawit Tamirat


    Id:-RMSc/138/08
    Assignment-3 literature review (Research methods)

    Submitted to Alemseged Tamiru (Ph.D.)

    December 31, 2016

    1|Page
    Impacts of climate change on Hydraulic infrastructures

    According to the UNFCCC, Rising fossil fuel burning and land use changes have emitted, and
    are continuing to emit, increasing quantities of greenhouse gases into the Earth’s atmosphere.
    These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrogen dioxide
    (N2O), and a rise in these gases has caused a rise in the amount of heat from the sun withheld in
    the Earth’s atmosphere, heat that would normally be radiated back into space. This increase in
    heat has led to the greenhouse effect, resulting in climate change. The main characteristics of
    climate change are increases in average global temperature (global warming); changes in cloud
    cover and precipitation particularly over land; melting of ice caps and glaciers and reduced snow
    cover; and increases in ocean temperatures and ocean acidity – due to seawater absorbing heat
    and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As climate continues to change, and water becomes
    increasingly scarce, competition for water among the various uses will increase. Meanwhile,
    demand for electricity will increase as the climate warms. However, the major uncertainty in
    water resources development is the variability of water supply and demand pertaining to changes
    in climate and in river basin dynamics. Therefore, water supply potential of a river basin is
    sensitive to climate change and land use. The aim of this study is to assess the potential impact of
    climate change on hydraulic infrastructures.

    The hydraulic infrastructure is constituted by the assets of two central elements: water supply
    (irrigation canal, weir, reservoirs) and energy generation facilities (hydropower). This study
    deals with the durability of the structures and their engineering materials when climate change
    occurred. Four vital parts of this infrastructure were selected: dams, canals, aqueducts and
    hydraulic stations, which are built of two basic materials steel and concrete. The global climate
    change and warming and the greenhouse-gas emissions (all interrelated complex phenomena)
    affect these construction material and structures, mainly by their extreme events such as
    torrential rains and flooding, dry and wet seasons, high and low humidity and solar radiation.

    According to Judith A Barry., 2009, Climate Change affects Hydraulic infrastructures in


    several ways:-

    Increased Precipitation Intensity


    Reduced Snowpack
    Increased Drought
    Heat Waves
    Increased Wind Speeds
    Reduced Supply
    Increased Demand
    Reduced Stream Flow
    Pipe fissures due to very dry soil

    2|Page
    Increased Sediment Load in Streams
     Turbidity
     Reduced reservoir storage
    Decreased hydraulic function (e.g., ability to discharge at outfalls).

    Climate change can be addressed through two main approaches: mitigation and adaptation.
    According to the UNFCCC, climate change mitigation seeks to stabilize greenhouse gas
    concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
    interference with the climate system.

    Mitigation policies/measures

    Mitigation focuses on methodological developments for policies and or measures, i.e. a modeling
    approach that allows development of policies (Warren et al., 2008) and a discussion of the pros
    and cons of economy-wide and technology-specific approaches for carbon-reduction targets
    (Sanden and Azar, 2005). As cited in Emile J.L. Chappin, Telli van der Lei et al., 2014).

    Adaptation to climate change

    Adaptation is processes through which societies make themselves better able to cope with an
    uncertain future. Adapting to climate change entails taking the right measures to reduce the
    negative effects of climate change (or exploit the positive ones) by making the appropriate
    adjustments and changes. There are many options and opportunities to adapt. These ranges from
    technological options such as by selecting area centered materials when we construct different
    infrastructures on water, by creating several strategies to limit the effect of flood such as better
    water management to prevent the structures from flood, and improved risk management. As cited
    in (Ellina Levina and Dennis Tirpak, OECD et al., 2006).

    3|Page
    References

    Arnell, N.W., 2004. Climate change and global water resources: SRES scenarios and socio-
    economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change.

    IWMI (142) Research report.

    Judith A Barry, Ph.D., 7 May 2009. Water and Waste water Infrastructure and Climate Change

    Emile J.L. Chappin, Telli van der Lei., 2014).

    Ellina Levina and Dennis Tirpak, OECD, May 2006.

    4|Page

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