MVC Week 3 Lecture
MVC Week 3 Lecture
MVC Week 3 Lecture
Suppose that a plane 𝑴 passes through a point 𝑷𝒐 (𝒙𝒐, 𝒚𝒐, 𝒛𝒐 ) and is normal to the non-zero vector
𝒏 ̂ , i.e., 𝒏
⃗⃗ = 𝒂 𝒊̂ + 𝒃𝒋̂ + 𝒄𝒌 ⃗⃗ is a non-zero normal orthogonal vector. Then 𝑴 is the set of all points
⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) for which 𝒖 ⃗ . i.e., 𝑷𝟎 𝑷 ⊥ 𝒏
𝑷𝑶 𝑷 is orthogonal to 𝒏 ⃗ . Then
⃗ = < 𝒙 − 𝒙 𝟎 , 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟎 , 𝒛 − 𝒛 𝟎 >
𝒖
⃗ ∙𝒖
𝒏 ⃗ =𝟎
Remark:
Tha is, 𝒂 = 𝟓, 𝒃 = 𝟐, 𝒄 = −𝟏
𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − 𝑦0 ) + 𝐶( 𝑧 − 𝑧0 ) = 0
5(𝑥 + 3) + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 + 7 = 0
5𝑥 + 15 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 + 7 = 0
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 + 22 = 0
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒛 = −𝟐𝟐
Example 2: Find an equation for the plane passing through three points 𝑨 (𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟏), 𝑩 (𝟐, 𝟎, 𝟎)
and 𝑪 (𝟎, 𝟑, 𝟎).
Solution: Given points are 𝑨 (𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟏), 𝑩 (𝟐, 𝟎, 𝟎) and 𝑪 (𝟎, 𝟑, 𝟎). Consider we fix a point 𝑨,
then
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂
𝑨𝑩 = < 𝟐 − 𝟎, 𝟎 − 𝟎, 𝟎 − 𝟏 > = < 𝟐, 𝟎, −𝟏 > = 𝟐 𝒊̂ + 𝟎𝒋̂ − 𝒌
̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = < 𝟎 − 𝟎, 𝟑 − 𝟎, 𝟎 − 𝟏 > = < 𝟎, 𝟑, −𝟏 > = 𝟎 𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂ − 𝒌
𝑨𝑪
⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒏 𝑨𝑩 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨𝑪
𝒊̂ 𝒋̂ 𝒌̂
⃗ = |𝟐
𝒏 𝟎 −𝟏|
𝟎 𝟑 −𝟏
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 ̂ |𝟐 𝟎
⃗⃗ = 𝒊̂ |
𝒏 | − 𝒋̂ | |+𝒌 |
𝟑 −𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟑
̂ [𝟔 − 𝟎]
⃗ = 𝒊̂[(𝟎 − (−𝟑)] − 𝒋̂[−𝟐 − 𝟎] + 𝒌
𝒏
̂
⃗ = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟔𝒌
𝒏
𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − 𝑦0 ) + 𝐶( 𝑧 − 𝑧0 ) = 0
3(𝑥 − 0) + 2(𝑦 − 0) + 6( 𝑧 − 1) = 0
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟔𝒛 = 𝟔
Practice questions:
Thomas Calculus Ex. 12.5: 21-26
Distance from a Point to a Plane in Space
Let 𝑷 be a point on the plane, and 𝑷0 be
⃗ is the unit
any point in the space, then 𝒏
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑷𝑷𝟎 be denoted by the vector 𝑢
⃗ , i.e.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑷𝑷𝟎 = 𝒖 ⃗ Figure 1
⃗ . 𝒏
|𝒖 ⃗ |
𝒅=
⃗|
|𝒏
Figure 2
Proof:
⃗ | 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝜽)
𝒅 = |𝒖
⃗ | 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝜽)
⃗ ||𝒏
|𝒖
𝒅=
⃗|
|𝒏
⃗ .𝒏
|𝒖 ⃗|
𝒅=
⃗|
|𝒏
Hence
⃗ .𝒏
|𝒖 ⃗|
𝒅=
⃗|
|𝒏
Example:
̂
⃗⃗ = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟔𝒌
Solution: 𝒏
𝑺 = (𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟑)
𝑷 =?
We find a point 𝑷 in the plane and calculate the length of the vector projection
intercepts.
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑢
𝑃𝑆 ̂
⃗ = (1 − 0)𝒊̂ + (1 − 3)𝒋̂ + (3 − 0)𝒌
̂
= 𝒊̂ − 2𝒋̂ + 3𝒌
|𝑢 ⃗|
⃗ .𝑛
𝑑= |𝑛
⃗|
3 2 6 3 4 18 17
= |(𝒊̂ − 2𝒋̂ + 3𝒌̂ ). ( 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 𝒌̂ )| = | − + | =
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Practice Questions:
Thomas Calculus Ex. 12.5: 39-44, 45, 46
𝑛1 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑛2
𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
|𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 | |𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
Example:
Find the angle between the planes
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟏𝟓 and 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟓.
Solution:
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂
𝒏𝟏 = 𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟔𝒋̂ − 𝟐𝒌
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂
𝒏𝟐 = 𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ − 𝟐𝒌
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒏𝟏 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒏𝟐 = 𝟔 − 𝟔 + 𝟒
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒏𝟏 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒏𝟐 = 𝟒
Now
𝑛1 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑛2
𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
|𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 | |𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
4
𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
7×3
4
𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
21
𝜽 = 𝟕𝟗°
Practice Questions: