Republic of the Philippines

SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY

Office of the Dean | College of Education

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts, uses and importance of
bivariate data in Statistics including the relationship between bivariate data and its
representation, graphing, and interpretation.
B. Performance Standards The learner is able to graph bivariate data, compute accurately the linear
regression of the bivariate data and apply these appropriately in data analysis and
interpretation in different fields especially in research studies.
C. Learning Competencies / At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives (Write the LC code 1. Solve for the equation of the Least-Squares Regression Line.
for each) 2. Graph the equation of the Least-Squares Regression Line correctly.
3. Identify the importance of Linear Regression in real life applications.
II. CONTENT Linear Regression
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials pages
3. Textbook pages Mathematics in the Modern World, Philippine Edition, pp. 143-155
http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/linreg.htm
4. Additional Materials from
Learning Resource (LR) portal
B. Other Learning Resources Visual aids, calculators, marker, graphing papers, video clip
IV. PROCEDURES Facilitator’s Activity Learners’ Activity
A. Reviewing previous lesson “Everybody, please stand up. Let us pray. The student called will lead the
or presenting the new lesson Ms. Shata, kindly lead.” prayer.

“Good evening everyone!” “Good evening ma’am.”

“Is there any absent tonight?” “None ma’am.”

“Oh, that’s good. So, what was again our last “Last meeting, we discussed about
topic? or who can give me a short the Linear Correlation Coefficient
recapitulation about what we discussed last wherein it is used to determine the
meeting?" strength of a linear relationship
between two variables.”
B. Establishing a purpose for “Our lesson this night is all about the linear The students will read the
the lesson regression. For this lesson, our objectives are objectives in chorus.
the following. Everybody read.”
C. Presenting examples/ “Very good! Now, for our activity, I will be
instances of the new lesson grouping you into four groups. You will
choose among your members a
representative to pick a paper. In each
paper, there are equations and you will be
going to graph it here in the graphing papers
in front. It’s up to you if what strategy you
will be using. The first group to finish will be
the winner and will have an additional 1
point each member for the quiz later.
Understood?” “Yes, ma’am”
The equations are as follows: The students will pick their
1) y = 2x + 4 equations to graph. All students
2) y = 0.5x + 1 will participate in the activity.
3) y = x + 0.5
4) y = 3x + 2
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 Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of the Dean | College of Education

The winning group should have

their graph to look like this.

“For the winner, kindly write your names in a The group who won will submit the
quarter sheet of paper and give it to me.” paper with the names of their
group members.

“So class, how did you find the activity?” “It was easy.”

“Did it help you to refresh your minds about “Yes.”

graphing an equation?”

“I see that you are ready for our lesson

because this activity has something to do
with it.”
D. Discussing new concepts Linear Regression attempts to model the
and practicing new skills #1 relationship between two variables by fitting
a linear equation to observed data. One
variable is considered to be an explanatory
variable (x), and the other is considered to
be a dependent variable (y). For example, a
modeler might want to relate the weights of
individuals to their heights using a linear
regression model. A first step in this
determination is to collect some data. Data
involving two variables are called bivariate
data. Table 1 shows the time between two
eruptions and the duration of the second
eruption for 10 eruptions of the geyser Old
Faithful. The x variable stands as the time
between eruptions (in seconds) while y is the
duration of eruption (in seconds).
X 272 227 237 238 203 270
y 89 79 83 82 81 85

21 226 250 245

8
78 81 85 79
Once the data are collected a scatter
diagram or scatter plot can be drawn as
shown in the Figure 1 and 2.

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 Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of the Dean | College of Education

Figure 1

Figure 2
There are many lines that can be drawn as
shown in figure 2 but the one that is usually
of most interest is called the line of best fit
or the least-squares regression line. It is the
line that fits the data better than any other
line that might draw.
E. Discussing new concepts The Least-Squares Regression Line for a set
and practicing new skills #2 of bivariate data is the line that minimizes
the sum of the squares of the vertical
deviations from each data point to the line.

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 Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of the Dean | College of Education

is the equation of the line that best fit. In this

expression, each d represents the distance
from data point n to the line.

The formula for the Least-Squares Line

The equation of the least-squares line for the
n ordered pairs

is , where

To apply this formula to the data for Old

Faithful, we first find the value of each
summation

272 73,984 89 24,208

227 51,529 79 17,933
237 56,169 83 19,671
238 56,644 82 19,516
203 41,209 81 16,443
270 72,900 85 22,950
218 47,524 78 17,004
226 51,076 81 18,306
250 62,500 85 21,250
245 60,025 79 19,355
2386 573,560 822 196,636

Next, we use these values to find the value

of a

We then find the values of and ,

and use them to find the y-intercept, b.

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 Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of the Dean | College of Education

The regression equation is

The graph of the regression equation and a

scatter plot of the data are shown below.

Seconds between eruptions

We can now use the regression equation to

estimate the duration of an eruption given
the time between eruptions duration of the
second eruption is

The approximate duration of the eruption is

78 seconds.
F. Developing mastery (Leads Now, I will group you into three groups and
to Formative Assessment 3) you will compute for the least-squares
regression line and graph it from the
following data of speeds for selected stride
lengths. The x variable stands for the Stride
length in meter and the y is the speed in
m/s.
1) Adult men Each group’s answer will be the
following.
x 2.5
4.2 4.5
3.0 3.3 3.5 3.8
y 3.4 4.9 5.5 6.6 7.0
4.0
7.7 8.3 8.7
Predict the speed in m/s of the adult men if
his stride is 3.1 meters.

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 Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of the Dean | College of Education

y = 2.7303x + 3.3164
y = 2.7303(3.1) + 3.3164
y = 5.1475 m/s

2) Dogs

x 1.5
3.2 3.5
1.7 2.0 2.4 2.7
y 3.7 4.4 4.8 7.1 7.7
3.0
9.1 8.8 9.9
Predict the speed in m/s of the dog if his
stride is 2.3 meters.

y = 3.2120x + 1.0924
y = 3.2120(2.3) + 1.0924
y = 6.2952 m/s

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 Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of the Dean | College of Education

3) Horse

x 2.5
4.0 4.2
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5
y 2.3 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.5
3.8
6.2 7.1 7.6
Predict the speed in m/s of the horse if his
stride is 3.6 meters.

y = 3.1296x + 5.5472
y = 3.1296(3.6) + 5.5472
y = 5.7194 m/s
G. Finding practical “Okay class, what do you think is the “It is important in making
applications of concepts and importance of finding the least-squares predictions and also this is
skills in daily living regression line?” commonly used in research
studies.”
H. Making generalizations “Do you have any questions or clarifications “None ma’am.”
and abstractions about the regarding our topic tonight?”
lesson
I. Evaluating learning On a half sheet of paper or graphing paper answer the following.
Given the bivariate data:
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 7 5 3 2 1

1. Find the equation of the Least-squares regression line and graph it in the scatter
diagram. Predict the value of y if x =7.

J. Additional activities for Assignment:

application or remediation Refer to page 153, exercise set 4.5, answer the item no. 4 and write it in a whole
sheet of paper.
V. REMARKS

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 Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of the Dean | College of Education

VI. REFLECTION

PREPARED BY:
Vanessa G. Manguilimotan
Student Teacher

CHECKED AND OBSERVED:

Mr. Ariel B. Mabansag
Name of Cooperating Teacher

Date: Nov. 13, 2018

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