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Lecture 4 Mean Variance of Discrete Random Variables.

The document provides information about statistics and probability concepts. It defines key terms like mean, variance, discrete random variable, and expected value. It also includes examples of calculating the mean and variance of discrete random variables.

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rigeljoemariealcayra
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13 views

Lecture 4 Mean Variance of Discrete Random Variables.

The document provides information about statistics and probability concepts. It defines key terms like mean, variance, discrete random variable, and expected value. It also includes examples of calculating the mean and variance of discrete random variables.

Uploaded by

rigeljoemariealcayra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S TAT I S T I C S

&
PROBABILITY
Prepared by:
VIRGINIA CAJANO, LPT
Mathematics & Statistics Teacher

Reference: Essentials of statistics & probability


grade 11.
Match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B
1.also called probability mass
function. A.random variable
2.a numerical description of the B.variance
outcome of a statistical
experiment. C.discrete
3.a weighted average of the probability
values the random variable
may assume.
distribution
4.weighted average of the D.discrete data
squared deviations from the E.expected value or
mean.
5.data that can take certain mean
values, counted. F.continuous data
1.also called probability mass function.
C. discrete probability distribution
2. a numerical description of the
outcome of a statistical experiment.
A. random variable
3. a weighted average of the values
the random variable may assume.
E. expected value or mean
4. weighted average of the squared
deviations from the mean.
B. variance
5. data that can take certain
values, counted.
D. discrete data
Mean and Variance of a Discrete
Random Variable
In a specified discrete random variable
X, the mean, denoted by μ, is the
summation of the products formed from
multiplying the possible values of X with
their corresponding probabilities. It is
also called the expected value of X, and
given a symbol E(X).
𝒏

µ = 𝑬 𝑿 = ෍ 𝑿𝒊 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒊 = 𝑿 𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿 𝟏 + 𝑿 𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟐 + . . . + 𝑿 𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒏
𝒊=𝟏
= σ 𝑿𝒊 𝑷𝒊
Mean and Variance of a Discrete Random Variable
Note, that the empirical probabilities lean towards
theoretical probabilities and, in consequence, the mean is
also a long-run average, or the expected average outcome
over many observations.
That is, as the number of trials of a statistical
experiment increases, the empirical average also gets closer
and closer to the value of the theoretical average. Mean is
the value that we expect the long-run average to approach
and it is not the value of the random variable X that we
expect to observe.
Mean is the value that we expect the long-run average
to approach and it is not the value of the random variable X
that we expect to observe.
Mean and Variance of a Discrete Random Variable
The variance of a discrete random variable X
measures the spread, or variability, of the
distribution.

The variance, usually denoted by the symbol σ²,


and is also denoted as Var (X) and formally
defined as

𝟐 𝟐
𝝈 = 𝑽𝒂𝒓 𝑿 = ෍(𝑿𝒊 − 𝝁) 𝑷𝒊
The variance gives a measure of how far
the values of X are from the mean. Note,
that in nontrivial cases (i.e. when there is
more than one possible distinct value of X),
the variance will be a positive value. The
bigger the value of the variance, the farther
the values of X get from the mean.
The standard deviation is defined as the square
root of the variance of X. That is,
Examples:
GROCERY ITEMS
The probabilities that a customer will buy 1,2,3,4,
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
and 5 items in a grocery store are , , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
respectively. What is the average number of items that a
customer will buy?
𝒏
Solution: µ = 𝑬 𝑿 = ෍ 𝑿𝒊 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒊 = 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟐 + . . . + 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒏
𝒊=𝟏

So, the mean of the


probability distribution is 3.1.
This implies that the average
number of items that the
customer will buy is 3.1.
SURGEON (OPERATION)
The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3,4,5,6,
or 7 patients in any day are 0.15, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and
0.30, respectively. Find the average number of patients
that a surgeon operates on a day.
𝒏
Solution: µ = 𝑬 𝑿 = ෍ 𝑿𝒊 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒊 = 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟐 + . . . + 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒏
𝒊=𝟏

So, the average number of patients that a


surgeon will operate in a day is 5.45 or 6.
NUMBER OF CARS SOLD
The number of cars sold per day at a local car
dealership, along with its corresponding probabilities, is
shown in the succeeding table. Compute the variance
and the standard deviation of the probability
distribution.
Solution: Solving for the variance; utilize the formula

𝝈𝟐 = 𝑽𝒂𝒓 𝑿 = ෍(𝑿𝒊 − 𝝁)𝟐 𝑷𝒊

a) Solving for the mean first;


𝒏

µ = 𝑬 𝑿 = ෍ 𝑿𝒊 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒊 = 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟐 + . . . + 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒏
𝒊=𝟏
Now solving for variance;
𝝈𝟐 = 𝑽𝒂𝒓 𝑿 = ෍(𝑿𝒊 − 𝝁)𝟐 𝑷𝒊

Therefore, the standard deviation is:


Figure 1.1 the probability distribution of cars sold per day

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