OHM TECHNOLOGIEES

EPABX DEMONSTRATOR TRAINER SYSTEM

MODEL: EPABX 01

OBJECTIVE:

Ω TO STUDY THE WORKING PRINICIPLE OF EPABX

Ω TO STUDY THE DTMF CIRCUIT
Ω TO STUDY THE CROSS POINT SWITCHING
Ω TO CONTROL AND OPERATE THE EPABX TRAINER KIT
Ω TO LEARN THE PRINCIPLE, MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING, AND REPAIR
OF A TELEPHONE SWITCHING SYSTEM

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Ω OHM EPABX DEMONSTRATOR TRAINER SYSTEM

Ω TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS

Ω C.R.O.

Ω D.M.M.

Ω MAIN SUBSCRIBER’S TELEPHONE LINE

INTRODUCTION:

THEORY:

The EPABX is an acronym of Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange. An

EPABX has three main components (1) the analog system and analog to digital converter
which is basically the various line cards and (2) the cross connection matrix which
connects one call to another and (3) the control of the whole EPABX.
The EPABX stand for Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange. Which means it is an
electronic exchange which is privately owned and automatic. It is also known as PBX and
PABX.
The first part (1) deals with the analog system i.e. your voice coming on two wires and the
associated signaling. It converts the signaling as well the voice into digital and handovers
to the matrix. The matrix checks for which port (the no. you dial is just a port of it) is the
call meant for and digitally connects the respective port to the calling port. The call is
established and held as long as you keep the receiver off hook. The third part maintains
the normal functioning of the EPABX including power supply, configuration,
troubleshooting and generation of various reports.

In this EPABX trainer kit, we demonstrate the 4 line telephone systems with full
signaling and switching functions similar to those of the central office systems. Dial tone,
busy tone, and ring tone are provided during call progress. Ringing is generated at the
receiving end of the phone being called. Switching employs integrated circuit (IC) matrix
switches on four buses. Thus, this system is expandable to 8 lines (4 pairs) if more
hardware is added. This system is switching on the Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF)
dialing signal and does not work with pulse dialing signal founded in some older phones.

High level design

The telephone systems we built consist of the phone line interface circuits and the MCU
on the STK500 development board.

Each phone line interface circuit has the following hardware.

• Ringer
• Hook switch relay
• Tone frequency generator
• DTMF receiver
• IC switch

The four phones share a common ringer; for all the other components, each phone has its
own individual. This is primarily due to the wattage rating of the ICs, we use.

The MCU on the STK500 is the central brain of the systems, whose embedded software
provides the control functions to each of the phone line interface circuits connected to it.
PORT-A is used as the address bus, which, via decoding logic, provides the enabling
signal to appropriate functional units. PORT-C is used as the data bus that read and/or
write data to those units. PORT-D is reserved for UART. Initially, it is used for debugging
during systems start-up. It can be modified to provide the central monitoring function for
the entire systems.
All communication to the functional units via the PORT is asynchronous and level enable.

Hardware Design

The main circuit for this project is “Phone Line Circuit”. The Phone Line Circuit(s) are
connected to Micro Controller, Decoder, Ring Generator and Telephone. Micro Controller
sends or receives data via Share Data Bus by PORT-C and sends address to the decoder
by PORT-A. The decoder receives the address, decodes the address and sends the control
signal (Control Enable and Control Latch) to each Phone Line Circuit as shown in overall
system diagram. The Phone Line Circuit(s) communicate with MCU by sending or
receiving data via Shared Data Bus. MCU uses time sharing protocol to control each
Phone Line Circuit by sending the address of the Phone Line Circuit to the decoder and
sending control data to Phone Line Circuit via Data Bus.
Each Phone Line Circuit is connected to one telephone line. In this project, there are 4
Shared Audio Bus so we can expand the switching up to 8 lines.

The Phone Line Circuit supplies DC voltage to telephone. It receives signal from
telephone, check the number by DTMF receiver and send the number to MCU when
requested. Tri-State buffers are used to multiplex data from DTMF receiver and Off-hook
detection relay of each Phone Line Circuit to Shared Data Bus. Tri-State buffer passes
through the data when it receives Control Enable signal from Decoder. Because we use
time sharing method the control signals sent from MCU to each Phone Line Circuit will be
latched when the Phone Line Circuit receives Control Latch signal from Decoder. There
are 3 sets of control signals from MCU to the Phone Line Circuit: 1. Tone Selection, select
tone presented to telephone when off-hook (Dial Tone, Busy Tone, and Ring Tone), 2.
Audio Switch Control, control audio switch to connected phone line together for speaking,
and 3. Ring Control, control relay switch ring signal to telephone line.

The Audio Bus is used to link each phone line together when there is calling. Coil and
capacitors are used to separate analog signal from DC Supply voltage. There is one off-
hook detection 2-contact relay in each Phone Line Circuit. When telephone off hook the
relay will close and pull the off-hook detection output down to GND and switch the audio
channel from ringing mode to audio mode.

DTMF CIRCUIT:
Explanation of Events
A) Tone bursts detected, tone duration invalid, outputs not
updated.
B) Tone #n detected, tone duration valid, tone decoded
and latched in outputs.
C) End of tone #n detected, tone absent duration valid,
outputs remain latched until next valid tone.
D) Outputs switched to high impedance state.
E) Tone #n + 1 detected, tone duration valid, tone decoded
and latched in outputs (currently high impedance).
F) Acceptable dropout of tone #n + 1, tone absent duration
invalid, outputs remain latched.
G) End of tone #n + 1 detected, tone absent duration valid,
outputs remain latched until next valid tone.
Explanation of Symbols
VIN DTMF composite input signal.
ESt Early Steering Output. Indicates detection
of valid tone frequencies.
St/GT Steering input/guard time output. Drives
external RC timing circuit.
Q1-Q4 4-bit decoded tone output.
StD Delayed Steering Output. Indicates that
Valid frequencies have been present/absent
for the required guard time, thus constituting
a valid signal.
TOE Tone Output Enable (input). A low level
Shifts Q1-Q4 to its high impedance state.
tREC Maximum DTMF signal duration not
detected as valid.
tREC Minimum DTMF signal duration required
for valid recognition.
tID Minimum time between valid DTMF signals.
tDO Maximum allowable drop-out during valid
DTMF signal.
tDP Time to detect the presence of valid
DTMF signals.
tDA Time to detect the absence of valid
DTMF signals.
tGTP Guard time, tone present.
tGTA Guard time, tone absent.

TRUTH TABLE:

CROSS POINT SWITCHING:

CROSS POINT SWITCHING:

Figure 1 shows the reference design for a 16 × 16 cross point switch

Architecture. This cross point switch is divided into three major categories:
Switch matrix, configuration, and address decoder.

Fig: 16 X 16 Cross point Switch Architecture Reference Design

Fig:16 X 16 Cross point Switch Reference Design Hierarchy

Switch Matrix

The switch matrix only has input, output, and multiplexer select pins. You
can connect all 16 inputs to the multiplexer of each output, allowing you
to independently connect any output to any input and any input to any or
all outputs. Figure 3 shows the basic circuit of each output cell.

Fig: Switch Matrix Circuit Output Cell

You can always add features to the output cell (e.g., adding
Another tri-sate buffer or register at the output of the
Multiplexer).

Address Decoders
You can use an address decoder to decode the output address so that only
one output cell is enabled for configuration. Table 2 shows the output of
the decoder and the enabled output cells for a 16 X 16 cross point switch.

4 Altera Corporations
The name of the address decoder reference design file is
decoder.v. The QuartusII software synthesizes the decoder,
Allowing you to use the product-term logic in the MAX 3000A
Device or in the look-up table (LUT) in the MAX II device to
Combine the decoding with other functions.
Configuration
Configuration is the main feature in a cross point switch. As shown in
Figure 1 on page 2, the configuration module consists of a double row
register architecture, which allows reconfiguration of input to output
connections during operation. Activation of the new configuration occurs
with a single configuration pulse.
The switch matrix circuit is controlled by data in two sets of 16, 4-bit
registers — the LOAD REGISTERS and CONFIGURATION REGISTERS.
You can use the four bits of each register to store the input address that
identifies the input that you can connect to a particular output. Table 3
shows the connection of an input to a particular output when you select a
different input address.

You can select one of the 16, 4-bit registers in the first set of LOAD
REGISTERS by placing a 4-bit word on the output address bus You can place data that is
written into the load
register on the input address bus. The load register contains the 4-bit
address of the input that connects to that output. The load register stores
input data at the low-to-high transition of the load input pin with the
chip-select (cs) signal set to high. The contents of the load registers are
then transferred to the second set of CONFIGURATION REGISTERS at the
low-to-high transition of the cnfg input signal with the cs signal set to
high. This transition sets the state of the entire switch matrix to the chosen
configuration.
Reset mode is also supported in this 16 X 16 crosspoint switch. When you
assert the reset (res) signal (with cs set to high), the entire crosspoint
switch is in its initial state where all outputs are connected to input0.

LOGIC DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:

USER FEATURES

The extension numbers are

• 3, 4, 5, 6
Making an intercom call
• Lift the hand set
• Dial the desired Intercom Number
Making an Outside call
• Lift the handset
• Dial 0
• Get P&T dial tone
• Dial the desired number
Holding a call
• While connected in speech with a trunk call
• Dial Flash
 • Other end receives hold on music
Retrieving a held call
• While getting feature tone,
• Dial Flash
Making a screened transfer
• While connected to an outside line,
• Dial Flash
• Dial the desired extension number
• Wait to be answered and announce the call
• Hang up to complete the call transfer
Making a unscreened transfer
• While connected to the outside line,
• Dial Flash
• Dial the desired extension number
• Hang up to complete call transfer
Last trunk number redials
• Lift the handset
• Dial 8
• The last number dialed in trunk will be dialed out
Abbreviated Number Dialing
To dial frequently called numbers stored in memory
• Number Dialing: #01/#02
Auto Call Back
• When the dialed Extension/Trunk which was busy is freed, both of you will get the
ring
• Lift the handset
• Dial the desired Extension Number/Trunk Number, get busy tone
• Dial 7 2
• You will get feature tone and then hang up
Alarm Setup
This feature allows you to remind the time
• Dial 116+HHMM
HHMM – Time after which the alarm should ring
Alarm Cancellation
To cancel the alarm
• Dial 116+0000
Barge in
It is the feature used to have speech with the extension which is busy with another.
• Lift the handset
• Dial 786+Ext.No
• Get speech connected with the busy extension
Call Pickup
• You can pick up the call meant for others ringing in other extension
• Lift the handset
• Dial 2
Conference
• The system allows you to make 3-party conference
• Lift the handset
• Call the extension number(first party) Dial flash
• Dial the internal extension number(second party)
• When the second party answers, Dial Flash
• Get feature tone. Dial 7 and speech gets connected with both of them
Caller ID
• ID Display for intercom calls
1111+Ext no (calling)
• ID Display for incoming call transfer:
P&T No+11+Ext no (transferred)
• ID Display for outgoing call transferred:
P&T No+00+Ext no (transferring)
• ID Display for intercom calls transferred:
Ext no in hold + 111+ Ext no (transferring)
Do not Disturb
Feature that avoids the extension call from disturbing you
• Lift the handset
• Dial 7 1 6 and your extension number
• You will hear music tone and hang up
Feature cancellation
• To cancel the features auto callback and do not disturb
• Lift the handset
• Dial 7 9
• Get music tone and hang up
Hotline
 Feature that fetches the trunk automatically when you lift your handset
• Dial 111+1-7 secs
1-7 – delayed secs
Hotline cancellation
• Dial 111+0 for hotline feature cancellation
• Flash +0 for current hotline exit
P&T waiting call Pick Up
• To use the waiting call pickup feature in P&T line [BSNL] through EPABX while in
speech with trunk,
• Dial Flash 8+Number
SYSTEM OPERATION SETTINGS
Supervisory features can be programmed from any Intercom port.The supervisory
code is 98679.This code must be dialed for each setting
System Default Setting
• Dial 9 8 6 7 9 0
• Get music tone
Default Setting
 Ext class of service - level 5
 Trunk type - pulse
 Round robin time - 20 secs
 Executive ringing - Disable
 Ringing sequence - 3,3,3,3
 Abbreviated dialing - Disable
 Caller ID - Disable
 Do not Disturb - Disable
 Hotline - Disable

Extension class of service

• Dial 9 8 6 7 9 1+Ext no+ Level
• Get music tone
• Ext.Number – 3, 4, 5, 6
• Level
 0 – Not connected
 1- Intercom only
 2- Local with 98 & without 95 only
 3- Local with 98 & 95 & without STD
 4- Local with 98 & 95 & STD
  5- Local with 98 & 95 & STD &ISD
 6- Local without 98 & 95 & STD &ISD
If extension 3 is given not connected, it will be changed to intercom only when the
system is switched ON.
Trunk Type Selection
• Dial 9 8 6 7 9 2 + Type
• Get music tone
• Type
1-Pulse 2-Tone
Round Robin Time Programming
• Dial 9 8 6 7 9 3 + Time in secs [2 digits]
• Get music tone
• Time
00 - Simultaneous ringing
06-99 - Round robin ringing
Executive Extension Programming
• Dial 9 8 6 7 9 4 + Ext no + option
• Get music tone
Option -> 0-Disable 1-Enable
Ringing Sequence Programming
• Dial 9 8 6 7 9 5 + E1 E2 E3 E4,
• Get music tone
• E1,E2,E3,E4 – Extension numbers 3/4/5/6
• For fixed Landing, give the same Ext.No in all position
Caller ID
This is used to display the id of the calling number, both extension and P&T
• To enable caller ID function
9 8 6 7 9 6 + 0/1
0 - Disable
1 - Enable
To store frequently called numbers using Specific codes
To enable or Disable Abbcos
• Dial 9 8 6 7 9 7 + Ext No + 0/1
0 – Disable
1 – Enable
• Number Storage:
 9 8 6 7 9 - #01 – P&T no #
9 8 6 7 9 - #02 – P&T no #
P&T numbers stored should be less than 16 Digits

FAULT SWITHES:

HOOK UP RINGER:

Disable the incoming volume tone and all other ringer function for the extension
terminal no.3

HOOK UP DIALER:

Disable the dialing tone and outgoing facility to the extension no.3, [to activate the
fault make the fault switch in fault position and reset the unit, this fault switch has no
effect once the call has been connected.]

POWER FAULT:

Total EPABX feature is activated, [i.e EPABX is dead] only the extension terminal
no.3 is act as a individual telephonic instrument.

CROSS POINT SWITCHING POINT:

This fault will disable all the switching transfer function of the EPABX such as call
transfer, intercom calls etc..

DTMF FAULT:

This fault will disable the dialing facility and will deactivate the main DTMF
telephonic unit.

CONTROLLER FAULT:

This fault is similar to DTFM and CROSS POINT SWITCHNING fault, this fault will
make the total EPABX unit inactive.