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Mini Project
Mini Project
Vaniyambadi for replacement with available tap water in the university campus in
0%, 40%, 80% and 100% respectively. The TIEW is tested to satisfy the water
quality standards as per IS456:2000. The water cement ratio (w/c) is taken at 0.4,
0.5 and 0.6 in M25 grade concrete mix and left for curing for various specimen for
strength and water absorption and comparison of experimental data results were
made between them. This project concludes the best use of w/c ratio to minimize
the constructional cost and paves way for alternative use of treated sewage water in
mixing and curing of concrete. Thus, achieving the resource recovery from waste
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
future of concrete looks higher because for most purposes it provides more
and ecological benefits. It is desirable that engineers know about concrete than
urban/rural and industrial expectation, water level need in every continent are
falling, by this the drinking water are becoming scary. So, it is suggested that
with water with practical large-scale solution is to provide the sources which
are not currently efficient. The most widely used construction material is
aggregate and water. Nominal concrete consists about 70% aggregate, 20%
annually 1 billion tons of mixing water in the world. by research revealed that
water usage in cement production varies from 147 to 3,500 liters per tons of
cement.
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Concrete production uses between 100-240 liters of water per
is used for curing of concrete. The volume of waste water in any country
on earth and over 30% is found ground water from lake, river etc. From this
survey we know that more scarce need of water, but construction purpose we
need water in building material. Future considering, we have introduced the new
one. So, we have need to study instead of fresh water for mixing, curing of the
flows out from sewer or industrial outfall. Effluent discharge is liquid waste,
other than from kitchen or toilet, domestic waste. Industrial waste water is from
site drainage (silt, sand, alkali, oil, chemical residues).in survey 2019 more than
80% water used for domestic purpose comes out waste water per year.
Impurities in both industrial and effluent water used for concrete set and setting
time, in that certain limit it may be set on chloride, sulphate, alkalis, solids in
that water test can be determine the effect that impurities can have various
range properties.
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Instead of attempt that process to utilize the polluted water for
and use for domestic, building purpose without affect any illness, and without
can be reduced.
1.3 SCOPE
the surroundings.
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1.4 OBJECTIVES
requirements.
work.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
durability impact of concrete by using recycled waste water. They used the
recycled waste water from the tannery industry for the construction purpose, so
that the shortage in water can be greatly reduced by making some primary
treatment. The specimens were tested for durability properties for 28 days, 90 days
water and production water in construction compared with tap water. Non-fresh
water samples were obtained from four PDO asset areas. Nine water samples
including controlled potable water, were analyzed for ph, total solids, chloride,
hardness. Mixtures were tested for initial setting times, compressive strength and
flexural strength.
was conducted samples were collected from the MMSD and analyzed. The
compressive strength, mortar cubes with sewage treatment plant water has shown
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improvement in strength during 3 to 28 days and increased by the 91 days.
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K.S. AL JABRI et al (2011) investigated that, the effect of waste water on
properties of high strength concrete. In that water samples were collected from
three car washing station in Muscat area. The collected water samples were mixed
together and chemical analysis were carried out. Four water samples including tap
water were analyzed for laboratory tests. The percentage of water replaced is 25 to
100 of tap water. Slump, compressive strength and flexural strength were
determined at 28 days.
by using treated domestic waste water as mixing and curing of concrete. By using
of treated domestic waste water utilized in concrete meets scarcity of fresh water.
using fresh water as mixing and curing for mix M3 and curing water for mix M4.
blended with 20% fly ash such as compressive strength, setting times and
soundness. Water used for mortar includes potable water, treated domestic water.
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aggregate and natural sand were used. Waste quantity of used waste is
analyzed for ph, TSS, hardness, BOD and COD is done and compared with
obtained by 7, 14 and 28 days with water cement ratio 0.45 and 1:3 cement and
sand proportion.
reuse of treated waste water in concrete production. Potable water and treated
waste water were used to prepare concrete mixing and curing. The results showed
that the treated waste water is suitable and could be used in concrete production at
permissible limits
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
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CHAPTER 4
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Materials that are used for making concrete for this study were tested before
casting of specimens. The preliminary tests were conducted for the following
materials.
materials and form the compacted assembly. The grade 53 cement were used.
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Fig 4.1 collection of materials
M sand of size less than 4mm were used as fine aggregate for preparing
samples. The sand particles should also pack to give minimum void ratio, higher
Crushed stones of less than 20mm size were used for preparing specimens. The
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4.1.4 TAP WATER
Tap water under PH level 7.5 (measured the digital PH meter) available from
our university campus is taken as conventional type of water for mixing and curing
characteristic of water such as solid matters chloride, sup hate, led, zinc,
magnesium, calcium, aluminum, acidity, alkalify are tested and tabulated. (Which
In TIEW process have Four stage treated industrial effluent water is brought
40%,80% and 100% for tap water in mixing and curing of concrete specimens. The
physical and chemical characteristics of TIEW including BOD, COD values are
taken from the treatment plant laboratory itself which are within the permissible
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Fig 4.2 vanitec water treatment plant, vaniyambadi
The time at which cement starts hardens and completely loses its plasticity is
known as initial setting of cement. Initial setting time of grade 53 Ordinary Portland
cement at various mix proportions with TW and TIEW were tested as per IS 456
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Table 4.1 initial setting time of cement
0.4 29 30 32 36
0.5 30 32 33 35
0.6 31 33 34 37
Unit = min
Various important tests like specific gravity, fineness modulus, zone, moisture
content, water absorption, bulk density and flakiness index of both fine aggregate
(m-sand of 2.36mm sieve retained ) and coarse aggregate( crushed stones of 20mm
sieve retained ) were done as per Indian standards to select suitable materials for
mix design. The average concluded outcome results have been enlisted in the
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Table 4.2 aggregate properties
The following table shows the characteristics of both tap water and treated
industrial effluent water, which satisfy within the permissible limits of standard
rule of usable water for construction technology as per IS 456 and other standards.
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Table 4.3 properties of water samples
MIX DESIGN
A suitable mix proportion details have been derived from the outcomes
of mix design ratio and given below in the table for reference purpose for 1m3
concrete mix with different water cement ratio for both tap water and TIEW at
various replacements.
Table 5.1 mix proportion details
Treated Coarse
OPC 53 Fine
Water type Tap water industrial aggregate
aggregate
replacement (TW) effluent water (crushed
grade (M sand)
% (w/c ratio) (kg/m3) (TIEW) stones)
(kg/m3) (kg/m3)
(kg/m3) (kg/m3)
each mix proportion is tested by using SLUMP CONE (12 SAMPLES). For 0.4
w/c ratio at 7, 14, 28 days 12 molds are casted at 0%, 40%, 80% and 100%
respectively
for 24 hours. For 0.5 w/c ratio at 7, 14, 28 days 12 molds are casted at 0%, 40%,
80% and 100% respectively for 24 hours. For 0.6 w/c ratio at 7, 14, 28 days 12 molds
are casted at 0%, 40%, 80% and 100% respectively for 24 hours. Therefore, totally
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
After curing of concrete, all the specimens are undergone for the following
two tests,
3. SLUMP TEST
compressive load that a material can bear before fracturing is called compressive
strength test. Here, the test pieces usually in the form of a cube is compressed
compression testing machine and values obtained after calculation have been
enlisted.
7.1.2 WATER ABSORPTION TEST
dry weight is called water absorption test. According to IS 1124, the 12 specimens
of 28 days cured molds of various w/c ratios were taken for water absorption test,
in which each specimen was dried oven and weighed and it was immersed in water
for 24 hours and removed, dried its surface by using absorbent cloth and again
weighed. A calculation was made from the respective formula for water absorption
and TIEW. Before, casting concrete in 150mm 3 mold, the slump test was made
from fresh concrete using slump cone and tamping rod. As per IS 1199, the slump
Type of 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6
water mix 7 days 7 days 7 days 14 days 14 days 14 days 28 days 28 days 28 days
TW 100% 17.5 18.7 14.9 25.2 26.4 16.8 34.6 36.5 27.4
TIEW 40% 17.8 19.4 15.4 25.7 27.5 17.5 36.4 38.4 27.9
TIEW 80% 18.2 19.9 15.8 26.0 28.7 18.2 37.6 39.0 28.4
TIEW 100% 18.4 20.5 13.3 26.7 29.3 14.9 38.4 39.7 25.6
Unit = M Pa
Table 8.2 absorption test result
Type of mixing water with W/C ratio Absorption rate after 28 days (%)
CONCLUSION
IS456:2000. The water cement ratio (w/c) is taken at 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 in M25 grade
concrete mix and left for curing for various specimen for 7, 14 and 28 days. The
experimental results are compared in terms of bar chart for maximum compressive
stress of concrete at different replacement ratios and curing time for four stage
treated sewage water at (w/c = 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6). Water absorption of concrete
samples produced by using tap water and TIEW at various w/c and replacement
ratios are tabulated. (only specimens cured for 28 days are tested. i.e., 12
and water absorption and comparison of experimental data results were made
between them. This project concludes the best use of w/c ratio to minimize the
constructional cost and paves way for alternative use of treated sewage water in
mixing and curing of concrete. Thus, achieving the resource recovery from waste
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