CBSE Test Paper 01

Chapter 12 Thermodynamics

1. Consider the cyclic process depicted in Figure If Q is negative for the process BC, and
if is negative for the process CA, what are the signs of W and that are
associated with BC? 1

a. 0, +
b. 0, -
c. +, -
d. 0, -

2. One of the most efficient engines ever built (actual efficiency 42.0 percent) operates
between 430 C and 1 870 C. How much power does the engine deliver if it
absorbs1.40 J of energy each second from the hot reservoir? 1

a. 52.8 kW
b. 62.8 kW
c. 58.1 kW
d. 58.8 kW

3. A power plant that would make use of the temperature gradient in the ocean has been
proposed. The system is to operate between 5.00 C (water temperature at a depth of
about 1 km) and 20.0 C (surface water temperature).What is the maximum efficiency
of such a system? 1

a. 5.02 percent
b. 5.12 percent

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 c. 5.45 percent
d. 5.32 percent

4. A 2.00-mol sample of helium gas initially at 300 K and 0.400 atm is compressed
isothermally to 1.20 atm. Assuming the behavior of helium to be that of an ideal gas,
find the energy transferred by heat 1

a. -5.38 kJ
b. -5.28 kJ
c. -5.58 kJ
d. -5.48 kJ

5. Internal energy of a system is 1

a. a complex variable
b. a random variable
c. a state variable
d. a discrete variable

6. State Carnot’s Theorem? 1

7. State zeroth law of thermodynamics? 1

8. Plot a graph between internal energy U and Temperature (T) of an ideal gas. 1

9. What is thermodynamics? State its important characteristics. 2

10. Consider the cyclic process ABCA on a sample 2 mol of an ideal gas as shown. The
temperature of the gas at A and B are 300K and 500K respectively. Total of 1200 J of
heat is drawn from the sample. Find the work done by the gas in part BC. 2

11. A gas is filled in a cylinder at 300 K. Calculate the temperature upto which it should be
heated so that its volume becomes of its initial volume. 2

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12. An indirectly heated filament is radiating maximum energy of wavelength 2.16 10-
7
m. Find the net amount of heat energy lost per second per unit area, the temperature

of surrounding air is 130C. Given b = 2.88 10-3 mk, = 5.77 10-8 J / sec/ m2 / k4 ? 3

13. If for hydrogen CP - CV = a and for oxygen CP - CV = b where CP & CV refer to specific

heat at constant pressure and volume then what is the relation between a and b? 3

14. How do you derive Newton’s law of cooling from Stefan’s law? 3

15. Derive the equation of state for adiabatic change. 5

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 CBSE Test Paper 01
Chapter 12 Thermodynamics

Answer

1. b. 0, -
Explanation: W = area under P-V curve = 0
Q= Eint + W

W = 0, Q = -ve
Eint = -ve

2. d. 58.8 kW

Explanation:

W = 58.8 KJ
Power = Energy (or work) transfer per second = 58.8KW

3. b. 5.12 percent
Explanation:

4. d. -5.48 kJ
Explanation:
in isothermal process

= - 5.48 KJ

5. c. a state variable
Explanation: A state function describes the equilibrium state of a system. For
example, internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy are state quantities because
they describe quantitatively an equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system,

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 irrespective of how the system arrived in that state.

6. According to Carnot’s Theorem, no engine working between two temperatures can be

more efficient than a Carnot’s reversible engine working between the same
temperatures.

7. According to this, when the thermodynamic system A and B are separately in thermal
equilibrium with a third thermodynamic system C, then the system A and B are in
thermal equilibrium with each other as well.

8.

9. Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the concepts of heat and
temperature and the interconversion of heat into other forms of energy. Important
characteristics (features) of thermodynamics are as follows :

i. It is a macroscopic science and deals with the bulk system.

ii. Thermodynamics does not go into the molecular constitution of matter.
iii. The state of a thermodynamic system is specified by macroscopic variables like
pressure, volume, temperature, mass etc., that is felt by our sense perceptions and
are measurable.

10. The change in internal energy during the cyclic process is zero. Therefore, heat
supplied to the gas is equal to work done by it,
WAB + WBC + WCA = - 1200J ...(i)

(- ve because the cyclic process is traced anticlockwise the net work done by the
system is negative)
The work done during the process AB is
WAB = PA (VB-VA) = nR(TB-TA) [QPV = nRT]

WAB = 2 8.3(500-300) = 3320J ....(ii)

R = Universal gas constant

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 N = No. of volume
Since in this process, the volume increases, the work done by the gas is positive.
Now, WCA = O ( volume of gas remains constant)
3320 + WBC + O = - 1200 (Using equation (i) & (ii)
WBC = - 1200 - 3320
WBC = - 4520J

11. Given, ,
,
According to Charles Law,

12. From Wien’s Law:-

T = constant = b ........... (i)
b - Wien’s constant

b = 2.9 10-3 m K
Now,
Temperature of filament = T
So, [by equation (i)]

= 13333.3K
Now surrounding temperature = To = 13 + 273 = 286 K.
Let total amount of heat energy lost per second per unit area = E
By stefan's law:

= 1.824 108 W/m2

Hence the energy lost per second per unit area of the body is 1.824 108 W/m2

13. Let
CP = Specific heat at constant pressure

CV = Specific heat at constant Volume

M = Molar mass

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 For an ideal gas , Cp - Cv = R

for other gases,

For H2, CP - CV = a

For O2 = CP - CV = b

So, for
...(i)
For ...(ii)
from equation (i)

from equation (ii)

2a = 32 b
a = 16 b

14. Acc. to Newton’s law of cooling, the time rate of loss of heat of a liquid is directly
proportional to the difference in temperature of the liquid and the surrounding,
provided the difference in temperature is very small.

Let a body be maintained at T K. Let To be the temperature of the surroundings. Let T

≫ To. There will be a loss of heat by the body

Acc. to Stefan’s law, amount of heat energy lost per second per unit area of the body is

(T4 - T04)

= Stefan’s constant
= Emissivity of the body and surroundings

[ (a4 - b4) = (a2 - b2)(a2 + b2) ]

(T2 - T02)(T2 + T02)

In case of Newton’s cooling, when temperature difference between body and its
surrounding is not very large T To

(T - T0)(T + T0)(T02 + T02)

E = K(T - To)

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 Hence the Newton’s law of cooling

15. Consider 1 mol of an ideal gas enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a perfectly frictionless
piston.
Let P = initial pressure, V = initial volume and T = Initial temperature of the gas.
Suppose a small amount of heat dQ is given to the system. The heat is spent in two
ways:-

i. The heat required in increasing temperature of the gas in very small range dT at
constant volume = CvdT

ii. The heat required in the expansion of the gas by very small volume dV = PdV

So, dQ = CV dT + PdV

In an adiabatic process, no heat exchange takes place,

So, dQ = 0
CvdT + PdV = 0 ...(i)

According to the standard gas equation,

PV = RT
Differentiate both sides,
PdV + VdP = RdT + TdR
(dR = 0, as R is a gas constant)

Using this equation in (i)

CvPdV + CvVdP + RPdV = 0

(Cv + R) PdV + CvVdP = 0 ...(ii)

As, Cp - Cv = R

or Cp = R + Cv

So equation (ii) becomes

CpPdV + CvVdP = 0

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Divide above equation by CvPV

Now, integrate both side,

Loge V + Loge P = Constant

Loge + LogeP = Constant

( aLogeb = Logeba)

Loge = Constant

( Logea + Logeb = Logeab)

= e(Constant)

where, k = another constant

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