Lyceum of the Philippines University of – Manila

College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management

Conservation and Visitor Management Plan

National Museum of Fine Arts

HT409ITTM

Andes, Ralph Lawrence

Chu, Eugene Aldwin
Cordero, Alyanna
Ervin, Cairha
Gapuz, John Rovick
Morabe, Allysandra Sophia
Valencia, Denzhel Edrian

2024
I. BACKGROUND OF THE SITE/ATTRACTION

A. Introduction

The National Museum of Fine Arts is a revered cultural establishment

committed to safeguarding, showcasing, and championing a nation's artistic

legacy. Its origins often trace back to the emergence of a nation's cultural

institutions, driven by a desire to highlight and honor the creative

accomplishments of its past and present. Frequently, it evolves from earlier

collections housed within royal residences, private galleries, or cultural

societies. Its extensive collections encompass a diverse array of artistic

styles, genres, and historical periods, ranging from ancient times to

contemporary works. These collections serve as a rich tapestry, guiding

visitors through the dynamic evolution of artistic expression.

Through thoughtfully curated exhibitions, the museum breathes life into its

collections, providing visitors with deeper insights into various themes, artistic

movements, and cultural contexts. These exhibitions often feature pieces

from the museum's permanent collection, as well as loans from external

institutions or private collectors. Alongside exhibitions, the National Museum

of Fine Arts typically offers educational initiatives such as programs, lectures,

workshops, and guided tours tailored to engage audiences of all ages and

backgrounds. These efforts aim to nurture a heightened appreciation and

comprehension of art, while also fostering cultural literacy and creativity. The

museum often serves as a cultural hub within the community, hosting special

events, performances, and collaborations with other cultural institutions. It

plays a vital role in promoting dialogue, diversity, and inclusivity through the

universal language of art.

B. Description

One may find a wealth of Filipino artistic creations in the National Museum

of Fine Arts in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1998, located within

the opulent Old Legislative Building, a neoclassical structure, it provides an

insight into the nation's creative legacy spanning several centuries. The

museum has a collection of works by Filipino painters, sculptors, and

printmakers, comprising 29 galleries and hallway exhibitions.

C. Location

The Grand Old Legislative Building, situated on Padre Burgos Street and

facing southwest, now serves as the National Museum of Fine Arts. Originally

designed by Ralph Harrington Doane, Antonio Mañalac Toledo, and Juan M.

Arellano, construction commenced in 1918, intending it to be the National

Library. However, due to material shortages, the project was delayed, leading

to its transformation into the Legislative Building. Arellano revised the plans,

adding a fourth floor and legislative chambers, modifying the central façade,

and incorporating ornate decorations and sculptures.

A columned portico on the second-floor guides visitors to the west

entrance, accessible via stairs and a roadway ramp from Padre Burgos

Street. The west entrance showcases four towering Corinthian columns

spanning the building's full height. Corinthian columns and pilasters connect
the façades, rising from the second floor to the building's two-story height,

with the first floor aligning with the plinth supporting these architectural

elements.

D. Event Venues

The National Museum of Fine Arts in the Philippines, situated in Manila,

stands as an exquisite venue for a range of occasions, benefiting from its

profound cultural significance and captivating architecture. With its diverse

spaces, it caters to various events such as exhibitions, conferences,

receptions, and corporate gatherings. Therefore, it's crucial to familiarize

oneself with the museum's policies and prerequisites for hosting events,

encompassing security protocols, insurance, permits, and any limitations

concerning decorations or catering. Choosing to host an event at The

National Museum of Fine Arts in the Philippines promises a distinctive and

culturally immersive experience for attendees, immersed in the nation's

artistic heritage and treasured masterpieces.

E. Learning and Discovery

The National Museum of Fine Arts hosted a special exhibition in the

Museum Foundation of the Philippines Hall (Gallery X) dedicated to Fernando

Amorsolo, marking the 50th anniversary of his passing. The exhibition

showcased 11 oil paintings by National Artist Fernando Amorsolo, sourced

from the collections of the Philippine Normal University (PNU), National Fine

Arts Collection (NFAC), and Government Service Insurance System (GSIS),

previously displayed at GSIS Northeast. Additionally, two rare oil paintings of

his brother, Pablo Amorsolo (1898-1945), from NFAC were included to

complement Fernando's works.

Among the highlights were two noteworthy pieces from PNU's collection,

"Mother and Child" and "Paoay Church," exhibited for the first time. Created in

1943 and 1933 respectively, these pre-war oil on canvas artworks showcase

Amorsolo's mastery of light and color during the peak of his career. In 2020,

PNU entrusted these artworks to NMP for preservation, display, and

conservation, with sincere appreciation extended to PNU, represented by

President Dr. Bert Jazmin Tuga, for their contribution. The exhibition is open

for public viewing in Gallery X, with free admission and walk-in visitors

welcome.

F. Memorial and Tributes

The National Museum of Fine Arts in the Philippines is a repository

for the country's creative and cultural heritage, including memorials and

tributes to major persons and events in Philippine history. It houses not

only artworks but also honors and memorials to prominent figures in

Filipino art and culture.

Some of the renowned artworks include:

 Juan Luna’s “Spolarium” serves as a tribute to the Filipino martyrs

who fought against Spanish colonial rule.

 Fernando Amorsolo’s Collection Amorsolo’s paintings often serve as

tributes to the simplicity, beauty, and resilience of the Filipino people.

 Historical Artifacts where the Museum displays various historical

artifacts, including sculptures, ceramics, and religious artifacts, which

pay tribute to different periods and aspects of Philippine History. These

items are visible reminders of the country's rich cultural heritage and

the people who helped define its identity.

The National Museum of Fine Arts showcased and still preserved the

rich cultural heritage and artistic legacy of the Filipinos. Within its halls,

you’ll see numerous memorials and tributes that honor significant figures

and events in Philippine History and Culture; Some of those figures and

memorials are:

 The HEROES Hall section is where The museum honors the heroes

of the Philippine Revolution and their quest for independence from

Spanish colonial control. It houses artworks, artifacts, and mementos

dedicated to national heroes like José Rizal, Andrés Bonifacio, and

Emilio Aguinaldo.

 Spolarium Hall This hall prominently displays Juan Luna's

masterpiece, The Spoliarium, which depicts the aftermath of

gladiatorial fighting in ancient Rome. Luna's painting is a national

treasure, representing Filipino tenacity and patriotism. The hall

commemorates Luna's artistic genius and contributions to Philippine

art.

 Félix Resurrección Hidalgo Room This area, with the resemblance

of the Juan Luna Room, is devoted to Félix Resurrección Hidalgo,

 another notable Filipino painter from the same era. It focuses on

Hidalgo's artistic achievements and contributions to Philippine art

history.

These are some of the memorials and tributes in the National

Museum of Fine Arts that serve as reminders of the Filipino people's

tenacity, creativity, and perseverance, as well as the long-standing

importance of art and culture in shaping national identity. They let visitors

learn about and appreciate the many stories and achievements that have

defined the Philippines.

II. ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE MERITS

The importance of maintaining cultural heritage has long been recognized

as important for maintaining national identity and promoting historical knowledge.

As a store of a nation's physical and spiritual past, museums play a vital role in

protecting these gems for future generations. In examining the heritage qualities

for the creation of a national museum, it is important to consider the historical

importance, cultural value, and educational potential of the items and artifacts to

be presented. By carefully reviewing the heritage benefits of possible displays,

lawmakers can ensure the museum's collection reflects the variety and wealth of

the country's cultural heritage. Furthermore, a structured assessment of heritage

qualities can lead to artistic choices, display design, and educational programs to

improve the museum's ability to connect with guests and meet its role as a

protector of national heritage.

Historical Significance
 Several of the museum's artworks reflect important Philippine events in

history. They act as visual archives of significant events, including wars,

revolutions, and significant historical personalities in the nation. These pieces of

art provide insight on the social, political, and cultural environment across

numerous periods. The National Museum of Fine Arts' historical relevance comes

from its capacity to record, reflect, and interpret Philippine historical events,

social transformations, cultural identity, and creative advancements. They

contribute to the shared memory and comprehension of the history of the country

and offer an actual connection to the past.

Architectural History or Design Significance

The National Museum of Fine Art, or the National Art Gallery's physical

location, is a notable piece of architecture. Originally built as the Legislative

Building in 1926 during the American colonial era, it later housed the

Philippine Congress. Its neoclassical architecture serves as a reminder of the

past of the country while also reflecting the architectural style of the time.

Cultural Significance

The museum is essential to the promotion and preservation of Filipino

cultural heritage. The creative expressions and creative ideas of the Filipino

people throughout history are represented by its collection. The museum

contributes to the development of Filipinos' sense of pride in their country by

presenting great works of art.

Collections
 Currently held in the National Museum of Fine Arts, Old Legislative

Building, Manila, the National Fine Arts Collection is managed by the National

Museum of the Philippines. It is made up of a significant amount of works by

Filipino visual artists in the forms of paintings, sculptures, icons, sketches, mixed

media, and photography. Important pieces by Philippine National Artists spanning

the late 20th and early 21st centuries are included. Artworks from the National

Fine Arts Collection as well as other artworks lent by organizations and people

designated as Important Cultural Properties (ICPs) and National Cultural

Treasures are housed inside the National Museum of Fine Arts. The National

Museum of the Philippines has designated the 10 highlighted paintings in this

collection as Important Cultural Properties and National Cultural Treasures. The

National Fine Arts Collection owns five of these masterpieces, while the

remaining five are loans from organizations and individuals.

The museum's collection of artworks embodies the Philippines' rich

creative and heritage of culture. The collection consists of important items by

foreign artists in addition to masterworks created by Filipino artists. These pieces

of art offer insights into the nation's creative evolution over time as they represent

many historical periods, artistic movements, and styles. The collections inside the

National Museum of Fine Arts in the Philippines are considered a heritage due to

their artistic and cultural value, historical significance, contribution to cultural

identity, educational and research value, and the museum's commitment to their

conservation and preservation.

III. DEFINING ISSUES/ SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS (SWOT)

SWOT ANALYSIS

SITE INTERNAL ISSUES EXTERNAL ISSUES

Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats

1. Rich 1. Preservation 1. Collaboration 1. Natural

Collection of of Artworks with International Disasters

Artworks Institutions

2. Cultural and 2. Accessibility 2. Leveraging 2. Theft and

Educational Issues technology for Vandalism

Significance virtual tours and

outreach

National

3. Architectural 3. Funding 3. Community 3. Shifting Public

Museum of
Grandeur Constraints engagement Interests
Fine Arts
programs
Rich Collection of Artworks (Strengths)

The National Museum of Fine Arts is renowned for its rich and extensive

collection of artworks that showcase the diverse artistic heritage of the

Philippines. The museum's collection encompasses various art forms, including

paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, and decorative arts, existing from pre-

colonial times to the contemporary period. Among its treasures are masterpieces

by celebrated Filipino artists such as Juan Luna, Fernando Amorsolo, and Felix

Resurrección Hidalgo and significant works by international artists. The collection

not only highlights the artistic talent of the Philippines but also reflects the

country's complex history, cultural traditions, and societal values. Visitors to the

museum can immerse themselves in Filipino art's beauty and creativity, gaining

insights into its evolution and significance within the broader context of global art

history.

The National Museum of Fine Arts serves as a vital cultural institution that

plays a crucial role in preserving, promoting, and disseminating the nation's

artistic heritage. Through its exhibitions, educational programs, and public

outreach initiatives, the museum aims to engage diverse audiences and foster a

greater appreciation for the arts. By providing access to its rich collection and

facilitating opportunities for learning and dialogue, the museum contributes to the

enrichment of cultural life in the Philippines and beyond. Furthermore, by

nurturing the next generation of artists, scholars, and cultural enthusiasts, the

museum helps to ensure the continued vitality and relevance of Filipino art for

generations to come.
Cultural and Educational Significance

The National Museum of Fine Arts holds significant cultural and

educational value, serving as a key site for understanding the Philippines' cultural

heritage through its art. By presenting a diverse array of artworks, the museum

offers a platform for individuals to explore various facets of Filipino identity,

customs, and principles. Through exhibitions, educational schemes, and

outreach endeavors, the museum interacts with a broad audience, including

students, academics, tourists, and local communities, fostering a deeper

comprehension and admiration of Filipino culture.

Moreover, the National Museum of Fine Arts plays a pivotal role in

educating the public on the importance of art in society. By curating exhibitions

and providing interpretive materials, visitors are encouraged to critically analyze

artworks, delving into themes like beauty, symbolism, and societal commentary.

Thus, the National Museum of Fine Arts contributes significantly to enhancing

cultural awareness and broadening knowledge not only in the Philippines but

also globally.

Architectural Grandeur

The design of the National Museum of Fine Arts embodies a remarkable

blend of historical significance and cultural importance, leaving visitors in awe. Its

architecture seamlessly combines classical and contemporary elements,

providing a striking setting for the exhibition of art. With its intricate façade and

expansive galleries featuring high ceilings, every detail of the building radiates

grandeur and splendor.

 As a reflection of the nation's dedication to preserving its cultural heritage,

the National Museum of Fine Arts stands as a beacon of artistic legacy. Its

architectural magnificence pays homage to the wealth of artistic treasures

housed within, inviting guests on a voyage through time and culture. Whether

admiring its exterior or exploring its interior spaces, visitors are entranced by the

sheer beauty of the museum's architecture. Serving as both a cultural icon and

architectural marvel, the National Museum of Fine Arts not only enhances the

Philippines' cultural scenery but also embodies a source of national pride and

identity.

Preservation of Artworks (Weaknesses)

The National Museum of Fine Arts faces significant challenges in

preserving its artworks despite its dedicated efforts. One issue is the constant

threat posed by environmental factors like humidity, temperature changes, and

light exposure, which can lead to the gradual deterioration of delicate pieces.

Despite attempts to regulate these conditions, ensuring an ideal preservation

environment for each artwork in the museum's extensive collection proves to be

a formidable task.

Another obstacle stems from resource limitations, encompassing funding,

manpower, and specialized equipment. This shortage hampers the museum's

ability to carry out thorough conservation measures effectively. With numerous

artworks necessitating regular inspection, maintenance, and restoration, the

museum struggles to allocate adequate resources to meet conservation

demands. Moreover, the scarcity of skilled conservators and expertise in certain

areas further complicates the task of preserving various types of artworks.

Accessibility Issues

The National Museum of Fine Arts faces accessibility challenges that

could limit some people from fully enjoying its offerings. One concern is physical

accessibility, as the museum's layout, entrances, and exhibition areas might not

be designed to accommodate visitors with mobility issues or other physical

disabilities. This could make it difficult for them to explore the museum

independently and interact with its displays and collections. Moreover, there are

also barriers related to socio-economic accessibility, as entrance fees and

associated expenses could pose financial obstacles for individuals and families

with limited financial resources. Ensuring that the museum is welcoming and

accessible to everyone, regardless of their socio-economic status, is crucial for

promoting fair access to cultural and educational resources.

Funding Constraints

The National Museum of Fine Arts encounters challenges with funding,

which can restrict its capability to effectively carry out essential tasks and

projects. These financial limitations stem from various sources, such as

government budget allocations, private donations, and revenue-generating

activities. Insufficient funding may impede the museum's ability to acquire new

artworks, maintain its facilities, and conduct conservation efforts adequately.

Additionally, funding constraints could impact the museum's capacity to

expand its educational programs, outreach initiatives, and public engagement

activities. Limited financial resources might limit the museum's ability to develop

innovative exhibitions, acquire advanced technology, and recruit skilled staff,

including curators, educators, and conservation experts.

Collaboration with International Institutions (Opportunities)

Collaborating with international institutions presents numerous

opportunities for the National Museum of Fine Arts to enhance its programs,

expand its collections, and elevate its global presence. Partnering with renowned

museums, galleries, and cultural organizations worldwide can facilitate cultural

exchange, knowledge sharing, and collaborative projects that benefit both

institutions and their audiences. An opportunity lies in exchanging artworks and

exhibitions, enabling the National Museum of Fine Arts to present international

masterpieces to its visitors while also loaning its artworks for display abroad. This

mutual exchange enriches the museum's collections and fosters cross-cultural

understanding and appreciation among diverse audiences.

Moreover, partnering with international institutions offers access to

expertise, resources, and funding opportunities not readily available domestically.

This collaboration opens doors for joint research projects, conservation

initiatives, and educational programs that capitalize on the strengths and

expertise of each collaborating institution.

Leveraging technology for virtual tours and outreach

Utilizing technology for virtual tours and outreach offers a significant

opportunity for the National Museum of Fine Arts to broaden its audience and

engage with people beyond its physical premises. By making use of digital
platforms and virtual reality tools, the museum can create immersive experiences

enabling individuals to explore its collections and exhibitions from anywhere

worldwide. Additionally, technology can amplify the museum's outreach

endeavors by facilitating online educational activities, lectures, and workshops.

Through live-streamed events, webinars, and digital learning materials,

the museum can extend its educational initiatives to a wider audience,

encompassing students, educators, and lifelong learners. Moreover, social media

platforms and digital storytelling techniques provide avenues for the museum to

share exclusive content, artist interviews, and interactive features, fostering

community involvement and discussions.

Community engagement programs

Engaging with the community can involve creating exhibitions and events

where community members are invited to share their stories, perspectives, and

artistic expressions. Collaborative initiatives like community-curated exhibits or

artist residencies allow individuals to actively influence the museum's offerings,

showcasing the diverse cultural tapestry of the local area.

Additionally, the National Museum of Fine Arts can develop tailored

outreach programs to meet specific community needs and interests. This may

involve organizing educational workshops, art classes, and cultural events aimed

at various age groups and demographics. By collaborating with local schools,

community groups, and grassroots organizations, the museum can extend its

reach to underserved communities, ensuring everyone has access to cultural

enrichment opportunities.
Natural Disasters (Threats)

Natural disasters pose significant dangers to the National Museum of Fine

Arts and its valuable collections, risking irreversible harm to artworks,

infrastructure, and historical artifacts. Situated in a region susceptible to

earthquakes, typhoons, and floods, the museum must establish strong disaster

preparedness and mitigation strategies to safeguard its holdings against potential

threats.

Earthquakes pose a severe risk to the museum's structural stability and

the preservation of its collections. Intense seismic activity can cause structural

harm, collapse, or displacement of buildings, putting artworks in danger of

destruction. Typhoons and floods present further complications, with heavy

rainfall and storm surges leading to water infiltration, mold growth, and structural

dampness within the museum's premises. Floodwaters can inundate exhibition

areas, storage facilities, and administrative spaces, inflicting extensive damage

to artworks and archival materials.

Theft and Vandalism

The threat of theft and vandalism poses significant risks to the National

Museum of Fine Arts and its invaluable collections, potentially resulting in the

loss or damage of artworks and historical artifacts. Theft poses a severe risk, as

artworks are vulnerable to theft by organized crime groups, professional thieves,

or individuals seeking opportunistic gains. Stolen artworks may be smuggled

abroad or sold on illicit markets, complicating their recovery and endangering

their long-term preservation and accessibility to the public. Furthermore, theft

could lead to the loss of priceless cultural artifacts, damaging the museum's

reputation as a reliable guardian of national heritage.

Vandalism is also a significant concern, as artworks are at risk of

deliberate damage, graffiti, or defacement. Vandals may target artworks for

ideological, political, or personal reasons, causing irreversible harm and

undermining the cultural value and integrity of the museum's collections.

Additionally, vandalism can negatively impact visitor experiences and public

perceptions, detracting from the museum's mission to foster appreciation and

understanding of art and culture.

Shifting Public Interests

The National Museum of Fine Arts faces a potential threat from changing

public interests, as evolving societal trends and preferences may affect visitor

engagement and attendance. In an era marked by rapid technological progress,

evolving leisure pursuits, and shifting cultural tastes, the museum must adjust its

approaches to remain attractive and pertinent to a diverse audience. One aspect

of this challenge lies in the competition for people's attention and leisure time.

With numerous entertainment options available, such as digital media, streaming

services, and recreational activities, individuals might prioritize other pastimes

over visiting cultural institutions like museums. Furthermore, alterations in

demographics and generational inclinations could influence public interests, with

younger demographics demonstrating distinct preferences and consumption

patterns compared to older generations.

IV. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONSERVATION AND VISITOR MANAGEMENT

PLAN

The National Museum of Fine Arts in the Philippines needs a conservation

and management plan in order to protect its cultural legacy, keep up its

infrastructure and building, encourage sustainability, improve visitor experience,

support educational initiatives, and guarantee its financial viability. It offers a

structure for the museum's efficient and accountable administration, preserving

its assets for both the current and next generations.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage

Important pieces of the nation's cultural legacy are kept in preservation in

the museum, including priceless and unique artworks. It is ensured that these

artworks will not deteriorate, be damaged, or disappear because of a

conservation and management strategy. The artwork's lifespan may be

prolonged by using preventative conservation methods, handling, storage, and

temperature control procedures.

Long-term Maintenance

Regular maintenance and repair are necessary for the museum's

infrastructure and facilities, as well as the building itself. To maintain the

building's structural integrity, usability, and visual appeal, a management plan

specifies maintenance procedures, finances, and timetables. This keeps the

museum's architecture preserved and creates an enjoyable environment for both

visitors and the artwork.

Sustainable Development
 A management plan helps in the establishment of the museum's

sustainable operations. It includes trash management methods, energy efficiency

strategies, and environmentally friendly initiatives. The museum contributes to

the larger objectives of environmental conservation, encourages responsible

stewardship, and lessens its ecological impact by putting sustainable principles

into effect.

Visitor Experience and Accessibility

A carefully planned management system guarantees efficient operations,

clear signage, clean galleries, and sufficient visitor services, all of which

contribute to a better tourist experience. It ensures that the museum is accessible

and friendly to all visitors by including accessibility features like ramps, elevators,

and facilities for those with disabilities.

Educational and Outreach Programs

Outreach and educational programs may be implemented more easily with

the help of a management plan. It covers methods for organizing lectures,

workshops, exhibitions, guided tours, and other educational programs that raise

awareness of culture and improve the involvement of the public. These initiatives

support visitors' growth in artistic and cultural awareness as well as the

enrichment of society.

Financial Sustainability

Establishing the museum's economic viability is aided by a management

strategy. It covers methods for generating income, obtaining donations, forming

alliances, and allocating funds. Maintaining financial stability allows the museum
 to carry out preservation projects, grow its public programs and services, and

carry on with its activities.

V. REFERENCE

National Museum of the Philippines. (n.d.). Fine Arts. Retrieved from

https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/our-collections/fine-arts/

National Museum of the Philippines. (n.d.). National Museum of Fine Arts.

Retrieved from https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/our-museums/national-

museum-of-fine-arts/

National Museum of the Philippines. (n.d.). News and Events. Retrieved from

https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/news-and-events/

National Museum of the Philippines. (n.d.). Museu.MS.

https://museu.ms/museum/details/16724/national-museum-of-the-philippines

Ongpin, T. B. (2022, June 29). National Museum of Fine Arts, Philippines. Livph.

Retrieved from https://www.livph.com/single-post/national-museum-of-fine-arts-

philippines