VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI – 590 018, KARNATAKA, INDIA

PROJECT
SYNOPSIS ON
“Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur Taluk”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted By
Name USN
KARTHIK K A 4VP20CV004
KESHAVA PRAJWAL P 4VP20CV005
SUMANTH KRISHNA S

4VP20CV011 KARTHIK GANAPATHI HEGDE

4VP21CV408

Under the guidance of

Prof. Prashantha
(HOD Dept. Civil Engineering)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
[A Unit of Vivekananda Vidyavardhaka Sangha, Puttur (R)]
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University and Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka
Nehru Nagara, Puttur – 574 203, D.K, Karnataka, India
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 3

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

3 SCOPE OF STUDY 8

4 OBJECTIVES 9
Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Rain water harvesting (RWH) is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-
supply of water for households and collection and storage of rain, rather than
allowing it to runoff. Rain water harvesting refers to the trapping and storing of
rainwater so that it can be used at a later time when the need arises. As the rain
falls, water is directed to suitable collection point. Check dams are small barriers
built across the direction of water flow on shallow rivers and streams for the
purpose of water harvesting. The small dams retain excess water flow during
monsoon rains in a small catchment area behind the structure. Pressure created in
the catchment area helps force the impounded water into the ground. The major
environmental benefits is the replenishment of the nearby groundwater reserves
and wells. The water entrapped by the dam, surface and subsurface, is primarily
instead for use in irrigation during the monsoon and later during dry season but can
also be used for livestock and domestic needs.

Check dams are built in a range of sizes using a variety of materials, including clay
stone and cement. Earthen check dams, or embankments, can easily be constructed
by the farmers themselves. Masonry and reinforced cement concrete (RCC)
structures, on the other hand, require some degree of advanced construction
experience and money monetary inputs. Earthen dams do not allow for overflow of
water, in contrast to masonry and RCC structures which allow excess water to flow
over the spillway

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Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
B. Chandrashekharan et al.[1] Water is an important life giving natural resource.
Yet, human kind not done enough to replenish, conserve and safeguard sources of
water supply. On contrary, we face the real prospect of reduced supply of water
because of climate change and global warming. Irrigation is the major source of
water and it consumes about 80 % of the current water utilization in India. It is
estimated that with increasing demand from other competing sectors, the share of
water is likely to reduce by 10 to 15 in the next two decades. In addition, shrinking
water resources due to falling ground water-tables, silting of reservoirs and
pollution of water resources from untreated domestic waste, industrial effluents
and agrochemicals are threatening the sustenance of existing levels of agricultural
production. At the national level, the ground water contributes to about 50 % in the
irrigated areas and its intensive development has been one of the key-driving
elements in ushering the green revolution but over exploitation of ground water has
led to several other problems affecting the sustainability of the production base. Its
unscientific exploitation is creating problems and leading to many areas in the
country being classified as dark and grey blocks. The per caput water availability is
declining continuously and likely to reach the stress and even scarcity levels in
some regions in the next few years. There are variety of irrigation water saving
technologies that can improve the water use efficiency and productivity of water.
These include in-situ water conservation, water auditing, increasing in irrigation
efficiency adoption of improved irrigation methods and conjunctive use. Even a
marginal improvement in the water use efficiency in irrigation sector will result in
saving of substantial quantity of water which can be utilized either for extending
the irrigated area or for diverting the saving to other sectors of water use. It is now
widely recognized that water, especially irrigation water is finite and a vulnerable
resource. There is also a wide consensus that water development and management
should be based on a participatory approach, involving all stakeholders.

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Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

Zuhud Rozaki et al.[2] Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for many years in
several regions globally and is mainly used for domestic or agricultural purposes.
Various studies on rainwater harvesting in dry or tropical areas of growing and
developing countries for agricultural use have proved its benefits such as an
increase in crop yields and facilitated a change to high-value crops. To optimize
the advantages of rainwater harvesting, a design is required before it is
constructed. The costs of this technology are affected by labor, materials,
depreciation period, and running cost. Rainwater harvesting has been proved to be
feasible, with a benefit cost ratio of up to 1.6 and internal rate return of up to 76%,
although the net present value varies depending on the currency and location.
Uncertainty with regard to rainwater harvesting technology still prevails and a
common problem for small landholding farmers is having the finances required to
begin. To address this problem, subsidies or access to loans is important.

Shalander Kumar et al.[3] Rainwater harvesting and its utilization have a very
important role to play in harnessing the production potential within dryland
systems. This study assesses the performance of small rainwater harvesting
structures (farm- ponds) in 5 major rainfed states of India over the period 2009–
2011 using data from multiple sources and stakeholders. Rainwater which is
harvested using structures of varying types and sizes was used for either
supplemental irrigation or recharging open-wells. In many cases, the farm level
rainwater harvesting structures were highly effective for rainfed farming and had a
multiplier effect on farm income. In some situations however, it was viewed by
farmers as a waste of productive land. The use of farm ponds in Maharashtra, for
example, resulted in a significant increase in farm productivity (12–72%), cropping
intensity and consequently farm income. In the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh,
farm pond water was profitably used for supplemental irrigation to mango
plantations, vegetables or other crops and animal enterprises with net returns
estimated to be between US$ 120 and 320 structure−1 annum−1. Despite such
examples, the adoption of the farm ponds was low, except in Maharashtra. A
functional analysis of the reasons for high adoption of water harvesting structures

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Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

indicated that factors such as technical support, customized

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Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

design, level of farmer participation, age, existing ownership of open wells, annual
rainfall and household assets were the major determinants of performance of farm
level rainwater harvesting structures. Based on this countrywide analysis, different
policy and institutional options are proposed for promoting farm level rainwater
harvesting for dryland agriculture.

Akash N Shaji et al.[4] Water is an essential part of human life controlling the
very own existence of life in the planet. Water is capable of influencing the
economy of a particular region and thus is considered as a very important
economic entity. The concept of water as an economic good came up during the
preparatory meetings for the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro of 1992. Despite all
these significance, water remains to be most over exploited and underrated
resource in the world. Due to indiscriminate and uncontrolled use of this resource,
large amount water is wasted; domestic wastages leading the list. This study seeks
to understand the domestic usage pattern, scarcity and conservation methods that
prevail in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. A survey was conducted in
the district to understand the domestic patterns and study of comprehensive reports
and articles was carried out to interpret the primary data obtained. The principle of
Domestic water conservation here is about the optimization of water in domestic
households, keeping in mind the economic relevance of water. Thus optimization
systems such as flow rate regulation system, greywater harvesting system and
rainwater harvesting system are suggested in the district. Optimization should
always first focus on evaluating the possibilities of multiple use of this resource,
and thus reuse of water becomes a very effective and suggested method of
conservation. The district which is predominantly agrarian based, where majority
use groundwater as their source of water are also facing a groundwater depletion
which is invisible but dangerous in long run. Thus measures such as well refill and
rain water harvesting is promoted in the study.

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Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

Jayaprakash M C et al.[5] Water harvesting techniques had been evolved and

developed centuries ago. Ground water resources occur in dynamic state and hence
subjected to periodic changes. The development of ground water resource leads to
changes in its regime and water quality, therefore planning for further development
of the resource. The ground water resource development is urgent need by
management planning and further validation using rain water harvesting
technology to fulfill the present scarcity of safe and hygienic drinking water in both
urban and rural areas. The average rainfall in and around MITE, Dakshina Kannada
is 3789 mm. Average rainy days are 126.In spite of copious rainfall, during
summer season many parts of the district including MITE face acute scarcity of
water. Detailed geological, hydrogeological, structural studies were carried out in
and around Mangalore Institute of Technology Engineering, Dakshina Kannada to
locate suitable site for rain water harvesting technique. Site specific case study
revealed rainwater harvesting using artificial recharge structure resulted for storage
of sub surface water and caters requirements of the MITE Campus.

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 Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

CHAPTER 3

SCOPE OF STUDY

 Ground water, which is in aquifers below the surface of the Earth, is one of
Nation's most important natural resources. Ground water is the source of about
33% of the water that country and city water departments supply to households
and businesses (public supply).
 In the past the ground water table was located about 10 to 30 feet below the earth
surface, but due to urbanization, there is lack of ground water table goes on depletion
day by day. So, it is observed that the ground water recharge is necessary.
 Puttur is a developing town which is located in Dakshina Kannada District, gets
170 inches of annual rain fall and still facing a major problem of water scarcity.
And also, it is observed that ground water table is about 200ft to 300ft below.
 Recharge of ground by check dams is one of the easier and economical methods of
ground water recharge and practiced by village from long ago.

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 Rain Water Harvesting in Puttur 2023-24
Taluk

CHAPTER 4

OBJECTIVES
 Find the capacity of soil on ground water recharge in Puttur taluk, D.K.
 To know the effect of ground water recharge by check dam and tank method in the
surrounding of check dam and tanks respectively.
 The effect of Artificial Recharge on aquifers in and around that area.

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