COMPRE2
COMPRE2
COMPRE2
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
SKELETAL
Spongy bone
Ribs
o Articulates with the vertebral column posteriorly and then curves downwards and toward the
anterior body surface
o True Ribs: first 7 pairs - Attached by costal cartilage
o False Ribs: next 5 pairs - Not attached to the sternum directly
o Last 2 pairs lack sternal attachment also called: Floating Ribs
Calcium
o Calcium levels in the blood
o Pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton
- Hypocalcemia: parathyroid glands will release PTH into the blood, which activate osteoclasts to
break down bone matrix and release calcium ions to the blood
- Hypercalcemia: calcium is deposited in bone matrix as hard calcium salts
NOREPINEPHRINE
Norepinephrine is either actively transported back into the presynaptic terminal or broken down by
enzymes.
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ENDOCRINE HORMONE
1. Which of the following are lipid-soluble hormones? Select all that apply.
Multiple select question.
Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
Reason:
Although thyroid hormones are made from amino acids, they are soluble in lipids.
Peptide hormones
Protein hormones
Correct Answer
Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
4. Identify the changes that occur in healthy, elderly adults due to age-related decreases in
endocrine secretions. Select all that apply.
Multiple select question.
Free
Neurohormones
Water-soluble
Lipid-soluble
Bound
Correct Answer
Water-soluble
Lipid-soluble
Correct Answer
Blank 1: lipid or fat
7. Lipid-soluble hormones are ______ and must bind to hydrophilic transport proteins to get
to their destination.
Multiple choice question.
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
Correct Answer
hydrophobic
8. Why is it that some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood? (Select all that
apply.)
Multiple select question.
They are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules.
They have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature.
They are only in their activated form if treated with blood enzymes.
Correct Answer
They are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules.
They are small enough to be easily digested by blood enzymes.
They have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature.
9. Age-related changes to the endocrine system can lead to all of the following except one.
Which one?
Multiple choice question.
10. Hormones are divided chemically into Lipid -soluble and Water -soluble groups.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: lipid
Blank 2: water
11. Identify hormones that decrease in secretion with age in normal, healthy individuals.
Select all that apply.
Multiple select question.
Melatonin
Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Thymosin
Growth hormone
Correct Answer
Melatonin
Thymosin
Growth hormone
NERVOUS
Parasympathetic Nervous System
(PNS)/Cholinergic ○ “rest and digest”/ “house-keeping” response
○ Acetylcholine
■ High Impact Concepts:
Parasympathetic – “Everything is low and slow, except GI and GU.”