17BCS2998 Assignment1

Assignment 1
Computer networking
Submitted by Submit to
Rohit Kashyap Dr. Sumit Chaudhary
UID – 17BCS2998
Course & Branch – BE-CSE
Section – IS 10 (B)
Question 1. What are the resposibities of Transport Layer?
Anwser: The responsibilities of transport layer are ::
1. The main role of the transport layer is to provide the communication services
directly to the application processes running on different hosts.
2. The transport layer provides a logical communication between application
processes running on different hosts. Although the application processes on
different hosts are not physically connected, application processes use the
logical communication provided by the transport layer to send the messages
to each other.
3. The transport layer protocols are implemented in the end systems but not in
the network routers.
4. A computer network provides more than one protocol to the network
applications. For example, TCP and UDP are two transport layer protocols that
provide a different set of services to the network layer.
Question 2. Routers work at which OSI layer?
Anwser 2. Routers operate on the third layer of the OSI Model, the Network-
Control Layer. Rather than passing packets based on the Media Access Control
(MAC) Layer addresses (as bridges do), a router examines the packet's data
structure and determines whether or not to forward it. This determination is
made based on the network information within the packet.
Question 3: Name the component/unit of data for each
Layer ?
Answer 3.
1. Physical Layer – Physical layer of TCP/IP model is responsible for physical
connectivity of two devices. Some of the devices used in Physical layers are,
 Hubs:
Hubs are devices commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. It contains
multiple input/output ports. when signal is at any input port, this signal will
be made at all output ports except the one it is coming from.
 Cables:
In Wired network architecture (e.g Ethernet), cables are used to
interconnect the devices. some of the types of cables are coaxial cable,
optical fiber cable, and twisted pair cable.
 Repeaters:
Repeaters are used in transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital
signals distorted by transmission loss. Analog repeaters can only amplify
the signal whereas a digital repeaters can reproduce a signal to near its
original quality.

2. Data Link Layer – Data Link layer is responsible to transfer data hop by hop (i.e
within same LAN, from one device to another device) based on the MAC address.
Some of the devices used in Data Link layer are,
 Bridges:
A bridge is a type of computer network device that provides
interconnection with other networks that use the same protocol,
connecting two different networks together and providing communication
between them.
 Modem:
Modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. A modem converts digital
signals generated by the computer into analog signals which, then can be
transmitted over cable line and transforms incoming analog signals into
digital equivalents.
 Network Interface Card: Network interface card is an electronic device that
is mounted on ROM of the com that connects a computer to a computer
network, usually a LAN. It is considered a piece of computer hardware.
3. Network Layer – The network layer is responsible for creating routing table,
and based on routing table, forwarding of the input request. Some of the Devices
used in Network Layer are,
 Routers:
A router is a switch like device that routes/forwards data packets based on
their IP addresses. Routers normally connect Local Area Network (LANs)
and Wide Are Network (WANs) together and have a dynamically updating
routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the incoming
packets.
 Brouters:
A bridge router or brouter is a network device that works as a bridge and
as a router. The brouter routes packets for known protocols and simply
forwards all other packets as a bridge would.
4. Transport Layer – Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication

(or process-to-process communication). Some of the transport layer devices are,
 Gateways:
In computer networking, a gateway is a component that is part of two
networks, which use different protocols. The gateway is a protocol
converter which will translate one protocol into the other. A router is a
special case of a gateway.
 Firewall:
A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a
private network, some of the functionalities of firewall are, packet filtering
and as a proxy server.
5. Application Layer – Application layer is the top most layer of TCP/IP Model that
provides the interface between the applications and network. Application layer is
used exchange messages. Some of the devices used in Application layer are,
 PC’s (Personal Computer), Phones, Servers
 Gateways and Firewalls
Question 4. What are the differences between router and Brouter?
Answer 4. Brouter in networking is a combination of Bridge and a Router, hence it

is called as a Brouter. It provides functions of a bridge and a router so it can
operate at the data link and network layers of OSI Model. Brouter connects
networks which use different protocols. It can be programmed to work only as a
bridge or only as a router. When it is configured as a bridge, it forwards data
packets to appropriate segment using a specific protocol. When it is configured as
a router, it routes the data packets to the appropriate network using a routed
protocol such as IP.
Brouters in networking are pretty rare. Instead, most brouters are simply routers
that have been configured to also function as a bridge. The main function of a
bridge is to connect two different LAN segments using the same protocol. A
router, on the other hand, used to route the packets in a network.
Question 5: which layer provides logical addressing that routers will use for path
determination?
Answer 5. The Network layer provides logical addressing, typically IP addressing

and routing.
Question 6: What is protocol?
Answer 6. A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines for communicating data.

Rules are defined for each step and process during communication between two
or more computers. Networks have to follow these rules to successfully transmit
data.
Question 7: Give the name of protocols for each layer.
Answer 7.
1. Ethernet (Physical/Data Link Layers)

2. IP/IPX (Network Layer)
3. TCP/SPX (Transport Layer)
4. HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, and DNS(combined
Session/Presentation/Application Layers)
Question 8: What is the difference between various generations of
communications?
Answer 8.
Baby Boomers
Communication : Face-to-face
Attitude to Work : Loyal to my job
Information : Print me a copy
What they want at work : Respect my title
Areas of Focus : Focus on process
Priorities : Work comes first
Generation X
Communication : Email or IM
Attitude to Work : I work to live
Information : Send me a copy
What they want at work : Respect my ideas
Areas of Focus : Focus on results
Priorities : Family comes first
Millennials
Communication : 'Just text me'

Attitude to Work : Play then work
Areas of Focus : Focus on involvement
Priorities : Friends come first

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Assignment 1

Rohit Kashyap Dr. Sumit Chaudhary

Course & Branch – BE-CSE

Question 2. Routers work at which OSI layer?

Question 3: Name the component/unit of data for each

4. Transport Layer – Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication

Question 4. What are the differences between router and Brouter?

Answer 4. Brouter in networking is a combination of Bridge and a Router, hence it

Answer 5. The Network layer provides logical addressing, typically IP addressing

Question 6: What is protocol?

Answer 6. A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines for communicating data.

Question 7: Give the name of protocols for each layer.

1. Ethernet (Physical/Data Link Layers)

Attitude to Work : Loyal to my job

Information : Print me a copy

What they want at work : Respect my title

Areas of Focus : Focus on process

Priorities : Work comes first

Attitude to Work : I work to live

Information : Send me a copy

What they want at work : Respect my ideas

Areas of Focus : Focus on results

Priorities : Family comes first

Communication : 'Just text me'

Areas of Focus : Focus on involvement

Priorities : Friends come first

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