1.

If the output of a system at steady state

does not exactly agree with the input, the 7. A simple single-variable control system
system is said to with one input and one output. In radio, it is
have steady-state error. the use of only one antenna both in the
a. True transmitter and receiver.
b. False a. SISI
c. Maybe b. SUSI
d. Not sure c. SISO
d. SOSI
2. It refers to the persistent difference
between the desired and actual outputs 8. These are all advantages of controller
once the system has settled into a stable C(s), except:
state. a. guarantee stability
a. Steady-State Error b. minimize the controller error
b. Static Steady-State Error c. avoid large control signals
c. Velocity Steady-State Error d. reduce the effects of uncertainties
d. Acceleration Steady-State Error
9. It is an approach to control design in
3. It is often used to evaluate the which you determine a suitable profile for
performance of a control system, especially the open-loop system response and design
in the context of feedback control systems. a controller to achieve that shape.
a. Steady-State Error a. Form Sizing
b. Static Steady-State Error b. Form Shaping
c. Velocity Steady-State Error c. Loop Sizing
d. Acceleration Steady-State Error d. Loop Shaping

4. It involves studying and analyzing the 10. For High Loop, S(s) should be “small”.
differences between the desired or In Low loop gain, T(s) must “small”.
reference input and the actual output of a a. Both statements are correct
system. b. Both statements are wrong
a. Error Signal c. The first statement is correct, and second
b. Closed-Loop Control Strategies statement is incorrect
c. Error Signal Analysis d. The second statement correct, and
d. Steady-State Error second statement is incorrect

5. The open-loop transfer function is 11. If zero steady-state error is desired, the
denoted as type of the system must be?
a. R(s) a. two or higher
b. G(s) b. one or higher
c. E(s) c. one or lower
d. Ess d. zero

6. The reference or desired input signal 12. These are the static error constants
function is denoted as except?
a. G(s) a. Static position error
b. Ess b. Static velocity error
c. E(s) c. Static displacement error
d. R(s) d. Static acceleration error
13. The static velocity error constant (Kv) is 19. Increase of components is one of the
defined by? advantages of a feedback control
a. Kv = lim s→0 G(s) a. true
b. Kv = lim s→0 sG(s) b. false
c. Kv = lim s→0 s²G(s) c. maybe
d. Kv = lim s→0 s³G(s) d. true but also false

14. If there is no integration in the 20. As the loop gain L(s) decreases, the
feedforward path, a step response involves effect of N(s) on the tracking error
static-position error. a. increases
a. True b. decreases
b. False c. remains constant
c. Maybe d. slightly increase
d. Not sure
21. A graphical representation in s-domain
15. The ratio of the fractional change in the and it is symmetrical about the real axis.
closed-loop system transfer function T to A. Locus Root
the fractional change in the process transfer B. Root Locus
function G, for a small incremental change. C. Locus Loop
A. Sensible D. Root Root
B. Disturbance
C. Sensitivity 22. A control system component that
D. Disturbance Rejection regulates the operation of another system. It
is used to improve system dynamics, open-
16. G(s)S(s) = [G(s)]/[1+L(s)] is type of loop system characteristics, and stability.
function? A. Compensator
A. Load Sensitivity Function B. Commentors
B. Load Disturbance Function C. Composition
C. Load Disturbance Sensitivity Function D. Competitor
D. Load Sensitivity Disturbance Function
23. The following are compensation except
17. Increasing loop gain L(s) will lead to bad A. Series Compensation
disturbance rejection. This statement is B. Parallel Compensation
A. True C. State Feedback Compensation
B. False D. Straight Compensation
C. Maybe
D. Not given 24. _________ is an electrical network
which produces a sinusoidal output having
18. In practice, the disturbance signal is phase lead when a sinusoidal input is
often low frequency. In this case we would applied.
like to design the controller C(s) so that the A. Lead Compensator
sensitivity function is small at low B. Lag Compensator
frequencies. This statement is C. Parallel Compensation
A. True D. Low Compensator
B. False
C. Maybe 25. __________ is an electrical network
D. Not given which produces a sinusoidal output having
the phase lag when a sinusoidal input is
applied.
A. Lead Compensator
B. Lag Compensator
C. Parallel Compensation 32. The following are the effects of the Lead
D. Low Compensator compensator except:
A. At the gain crossover frequency, the
26. __________ is an electrical network slope of the magnitude plot decreases,
which produces phase lag at one frequency indicating that relative stability improves and
region and phase lead at other frequency error decreases because the error is
region. It is a combination of both the lag proportional to the slope.
and the lead compensators. B. The phase margin widens.
A. Lead Compensator C. The response time shortens.
B. Lag Compensator D. None of the above.
C. Parallel Compensation
D. Lead Lag Compensator 33. What is the advantage of a lead
compensator?
27. ____________ are used to achieve the A. It increases the system’s speed by
system’s desired performance. shifting the gain crossover frequency to a
A. Compensating network higher value.
B. Feedforward path gain B. Because phase lead compensation is
C. Competitors network present, the system’s maximum overshoot
D. Forward Network is reduced.
C. A and B
28. Compensators are divided into three D. None of the above
categories except:
A. Lag 34. The systems speed will decrease is the
B. Lead __________ of lag compensation.
C. Lag-lead A. disadvantage
D. Lead-lead B. advantage
C. effect
29. An alloy of copper and zinc. D. benefits
A. Brass
B. Bronze 35. A control system component that
C. Iron regulates the operation of another system. It
D. Tin is used to improve system dynamics, open-
loop system characteristics, and stability.
30. Lead and lag compensators are often A. Completion
used in series to achieve the _________. B. Compensator
A. steady-state performance C. Composition
B. desired effect D. Competitor
C. stability
D. design process 36. It typically introduces a phase lead at
higher frequencies. This increased phase
31. It is a way of determining the stability of margin helps in stabilizing the system and
a control system. improving its transient response.
A. Locus Root A. Lid compensator
B. Root Locus B. Low compensator
C. Locus Loop C. Leg compensator
D. Root Root D. Lead compensator
37. It is the locus of the characteristic 4. Why are implementation errors negligible
equation of the closed-loop system as a in digital processing of control signals?
specific parameter (usually, gain K) is varied A. Use of analog components
from zero to infinity. B. Addition and multiplication by stored
A. zero to infinity numerical values
B. one to ten C. Presence of noise in digital signals
C. five to one hundred D. Analog representation of control signals
D. ten to infinity
5. What allows for the modification of a
38. Most of the time, __________ is digital controller without complete
accomplished by conditioning the systems replacement of the original controller?
input and output. A. Analog-to-digital converters
A. Compensator B. Resistors and capacitors
B. Commentors C. Firmware or software implementation
C. Composition D. Power supply drift
D. Competitor
6. Why is the speed of digital controllers
39. Who invented the root locus comparable to that based on continuous
compensation? monitoring of the controlled variable?
A. Walter R. Ferrer A. Analog representation
B. Walter R. Evans B. Slow processing speed
C. Walter Mart C. Exponential increase in computer
D. Walter Bautista hardware speed
D. Larger sampling period
40. Root locus compensation was
introduced in what year? 7. How has the cost of digital circuitry
A. 2000 evolved over time?
B. 1987 A. Steadily increased
C. 1948 B. Remained constant
D. 1999 C. Decreased
D. Unaffected by VLSI technology
41. What is one of the key advantages of
digital control over analog control? 8. In a digital control system, what
A. Higher cost translates digital controller language to
B. Lower accuracy physical process language?
C. Flexibility A. Digital-to-analog converter
D. Slower processing speed B. Analog-to-digital converter
C. Power supply drift
2. In digital control, how are digital signals D. Resistors and capacitors
represented?
A. Using resistors and capacitors 9. What is required for feedback control in a
B. In terms of zeros and ones digital control system?
C. Through continuous monitoring A. Resistors and capacitors
D. With analog-to-digital converters B. Analog-to-digital converter
C. Sensor
3. What does the accuracy of digital signals D. Power supply drift
involve?
A. Analog representation
B. Typically 12 bits or more
C. Power supply drift
D. Analog-to-digital converters
10. What is the purpose of an analog-to- 16. How are measurements of the aircraft
digital converter in a digital control system? state obtained in the control of an aircraft
A. Convert digital signals to analog signals turbojet engine?
B. Measure the controlled variable A. ADC
C. Implement firmware or software B. Engine sensors
D. Process control signals C. DAC
D. Pilot command
11. How is the translation from process
language to digital controller language 17. What role does the supervisory
performed? computer play in the control of a robotic
A. Sensor manipulator? A. Directing actions of the
B. Digital-to-analog converter robot
C. Analog-to-digital converter B. Providing closed-loop control
D. Power supply drift C. Performing arithmetic operations
D. Allowing programming of lower-level
12. What does a closed-loop drug delivery controllers
system regulate in patients with chronic
diseases? 18. How are manipulator hand positions and
A. Blood levels of a specific drug or velocities controlled in a robotic
hormone B. Body temperature manipulator? A. Using resistors and
C. Nutrient intake capacitors
D. Insulin production B. Through continuous monitoring
C. Digitally
13. What converts the measurement of D. Using analog signals
regulated drug levels in a closed-loop drug
delivery system to digital form? 19. What type of processors are commonly
A. Analog-to-digital converter used as control computers in robotic
B. Sensor manipulators?
C. Digital-to-analog converter A. Analog signal processors
D. Pump B. Digital signal processing (DSP) chips
C. Resistors and capacitors
14. What feedback control element is crucial D. ADC
in a closed-loop drug delivery system?
A. Sensor 20. How many control loops are typically
B. Pump present in the digital control system of a
C. Digital controller robotic manipulator with n degrees of
D. DAC freedom?
A. n
15. In computer control of an aircraft B. 1
turbojet engine, what does the control C. 2
require feedback from? D. None
A. Engine state
B. Aircraft state 1. What does the term "overshoot" refer to
C. Pilot command in the context of transient response?
D. All of the above A. The delay before reaching 50% of the
final value
B. The time to reach the first peak of the
response
C. The amplitude by which a response
exceeds its final value
D. The time taken to rise from 10% to 90% A. It determines the system's rate of decay
of the final value B. It defines the frequency at which the
system oscillates in steady-state
2. In the context of a step input, what does C. It dictates the system's transient
"undershoot" represent in the transient response characteristics
response? D. It represents the time constant of the
A. The delay before reaching 50% of the system
final value
B. The time to reach the first peak of the 7. Which term describes the measure of
response how quickly a system responds to a change
C. The amplitude by which a response falls in its input?
below its final value initially A. Settling time
D. The time taken to rise from 10% to 90% B. Rise time
of the final value C. Overshoot
D. Steady-state error
3. What is the damping ratio (ζ) of a second-
order system? 8. What is the primary goal when designing
A. The ratio of the time to reach the first a control system in terms of transient
peak to the settling time response?
B. The ratio of the system's natural A. Minimize overshoot and settling time
frequency to its settling time B. Maximize overshoot and settling time
C. The ratio of the system's response to its C. Achieve a balance between overshoot
steady-state value and settling time
D. The ratio of the system's damping D. Minimize rise time and steady-state error
coefficient to its natural frequency
9. How does increasing the proportional
4. Which of the following statements best gain in a control system affect the transient
describes the effect of increasing the response?
damping ratio (ζ) on a secondorder system? A. Increases overshoot and settling time
A. Increases overshoot and settling time B. Decreases overshoot and settling time
B. Decreases overshoot and settling time C. Increases overshoot and decreases
C. Increases overshoot and decreases settling time
settling time D. Decreases overshoot and increases
D. Decreases overshoot and increases settling time
settling time
10. What is the primary disadvantage of a
5. What is meant by the term "steady-state" critically damped system in terms of
in the context of system response? transient response?
A. The time taken for the system to stabilize A. Excessive overshoot
after a disturbance B. Long settling time C.
B. The condition where the system's C. Oscillatory response
response no longer changes with time D. D. Inability to reach the final value
C. The time taken for the system to reach its
final value 11. What does the delay time (td) represent
D. The condition where the system exhibits in the transient response of a system?
no overshoot in its response A. Time to reach 50% of the final value
B. Time to reach the first peak of the
6. What is the significance of the natural overshoot
frequency (ωn) in a second-order system? C. Time to rise from 10% to 90%
D. Time to reach and stay within a given
range
 B. The time to reach the first peak of the
overshoot
C. The time to rise from 10% to 90%
D. The time to reach and stay within a given
12. Which transient response characteristic range
is commonly used for overdamped second-
order systems? 18. What is the role of weighting factors in
A. 0% to 100% rise time the Performance Index?
B. 10% to 90% rise time A. They determine the delay time
C. Peak time B. They influence the importance of specific
D. Settling time system specifications
C. They define the peak time
13. What is the settling time (ts) in the D. They control the settling time
context of transient response?
A. Time to reach and stay within a given 19. Which of the following is a quantitative
range measure of the performance of a system?
B. Time to reach 50% of the final value A. Settling Time
C. Time to rise from 10% to 90% B. Rise Time
D. Time to reach the first peak of the C. Steady-State Error
overshoot D. Performance Index

14. Steady-State Error (e(00)) is: 20. How is the optimal system determined
A. The difference in the final value between with respect to the Performance Index
the input and output amplitude criterion?
B. The time to reach 50% of the final value A. System with the largest index is optimal
C. The time to rise from 10% to 90% B. System with the smallest index is optimal
D. The time to reach the first peak of the C. System with the longest settling time is
overshoot optimal
D. System with the highest peak time is
15. What is the peak time (tp) in the optimal
transient response due to a step input?
A. Time to reach 50% of the final value
B. Time to reach the first peak of the
overshoot
C. Time to rise from 10% to 90%
D. Time to reach and stay within a given
range

16. The rise time (tr) for underdamped

second-order systems is commonly
measured from:
A. 0% to 100%
B. 10% to 90%
C. 5% to 95%
D. 20% to 80%

17. What does the term "Steady-State

Error" refer to in the context of system
performance?
A. The difference in the final value between
the input and output amplitude