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    Orientation of Runway: The Runway Is Usually Oriented in The Direction of The Prevailing Winds

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    Viknesh 3051
    The document discusses runway orientation and how it relates to wind direction. It describes how runways are typically oriented along the prevailing wind direction to allow for headwinds during takeoff and landing. It also discusses crosswind components and how airports use wind rose diagrams to determine optimal runway orientation and ensure sufficient wind coverage throughout the year.

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    Orientation of Runway: The Runway Is Usually Oriented in The Direction of The Prevailing Winds

    Uploaded by

    Viknesh 3051
    16 views20 pages
    The document discusses runway orientation and how it relates to wind direction. It describes how runways are typically oriented along the prevailing wind direction to allow for headwinds during takeoff and landing. It also discusses crosswind components and how airports use wind rose diagrams to determine optimal runway orientation and ensure sufficient wind coverage throughout the year.

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    C-5

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    The document discusses runway orientation and how it relates to wind direction. It describes how runways are typically oriented along the prevailing wind direction to allow for headwinds during takeoff and landing. It also discusses crosswind components and how airports use wind rose diagrams to determine optimal runway orientation and ensure sufficient wind coverage throughout the year.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views20 pages

    Orientation of Runway: The Runway Is Usually Oriented in The Direction of The Prevailing Winds

    Uploaded by

    Viknesh 3051
    The document discusses runway orientation and how it relates to wind direction. It describes how runways are typically oriented along the prevailing wind direction to allow for headwinds during takeoff and landing. It also discusses crosswind components and how airports use wind rose diagrams to determine optimal runway orientation and ensure sufficient wind coverage throughout the year.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Orientation of Runway

    • The runway is usually oriented in the direction


    of the prevailing winds.
    Head Wind:
    • The wind from the opposite direction of the head
    or nose of the aircraft while it is landing or taking
    off.
    • The orientation of runway along the head wind grants
    the following two advantages.
    • During landing, it provides a breaking effect and the
    aircraft comes to a stop in a short length of the runway.
    • During take off, it provides greater lift on the wings of
    the aircraft.
    • The reduction in length of runway may be about 10 %
    or so.
    Cross wind component:
    • It is not possible to get the direction of opposite
    wind parallel to the centre-line of the runway
    length everyday or throughout the year.
    • For some period of the year at least, the wind
    may blow making some angle 'θ' with the
    direction of centre line of the runway length as
    shown in figure.
    • If V kmph is the
    velocity of the
    inclined opposing
    wind, its component
    Vsinθ which is
    normal to the centre
    line of the runway
    length is called the
    cross wind
    component.

    • For light and medium weight aircrafts, the cross


    wind component should not exceed 25 kmph
    Wind Coverage of the runway.
    The percentage of time in a year during which the
    cross wind component remains within the limit of
    25 kmph

    • The orientation of the runway should be such


    that the min. wind coverage of about 95 % is
    obtained.
    • For busy airports, it is possible to obtain wind
    coverage up to 98 % or even 100 %
    Wind rose:
    • For the airport, the average wind data of 5 to 10
    years period are collected and represented
    graphically in the form of chart known as "wind
    rose".
    • The diagram is given the name wind rose
    because of its irregular shape resembling a rose
    Wind rose Diagram:
    • The plotting of the wind rose diagram can be
    done in the following two ways.
    Type I : Showing direction and duration of wind.
    Type II : Showing direction, duration and
    intensity of wind.
    Type I : Showing direction and
    duration of wind
    • Radial lines
    indicates the
    wind direction
    • Each circle
    represents the
    duration of
    wind to a
    certain scale.
    Type II : Showing direction, duration
    and intensity of wind
    Use of Wind rose Diagram:
    • The study of wind rose helps in
    determining the most suitable orientation
    of the runway.
    • It is also useful device for estimating the runway
    capacity.
    Calm period:
    • The absence of appreciable wind, generally
    considered as 6 kmph or less, is called the "Calm
    period"
    Example

    Wind rose diagram is shown in figure. The


    permissible cross wind component is 25 kmph.
    Determine the calm period, the best direction of
    runway and the wind coverage. If another
    runway is to be placed at right angles to the
    above runway, determine the total wind
    coverage.
    Solution
    Calm period is the percentage of time during
    which wind intensity is less than 6 kmph.
    It is therefore, equal to 100-
    (7.8+4.8+3.7+1.5+2.3+2.4+5.0+6.4+7.3+4.4+
    2.6+1.6+3.1+1.9+5.8+4.8+4.9+1.3+.1+.1+.3+.
    4+1.1+3.2+7.7+2.2+.9+.1+.4+.3+2.6+2.4+.3+
    .1+.2+.2)=5.1%
    Runway oriented along 150º-340º line (S 33º E)
    gives the maximum wind coverage as obtained
    by summing up the data within the two outer
    parallel lines:
    Direction Percentage Direction Percentage
    within outer within outer
    parallel lines parallel line

    N 5.67 S 6.00
    NEE 3.85 SSW 2.62
    NE 1.5 SW 1.6
    ENE 2.5 WSW 3.1
    E 2.4 W 1.95
    ESE 5.8 WNW 7.1
    SE 9.6 NW 7.35
    SSE 15 NNW 13
    Sum of the above percentages= 89.04
    Add calm period = 5.10 percent
    The required wind coverage
    is =89.04+5.1=94.14%
    Runway Patterns:
    Runway TRUE NORTH
    Designation
    Runway number
    Azimuth/10,
    rounded to nearest
    integer
    304
    Eg: 314/10 = 30.4
    Designated as 12-30
    Runway Marking
    The beginning of
    the runway portion Marked in white colour
    to be used as landing
    is known as the
    "threshold".

    150 m

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