Quarter 4 –Module 1

Electronic Components and

Criteria for Testing Electronic
Components
Presented by: Lomocso, Eliesah B.
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to :
❑ Identify electronic components, criteria for
testing electronic components based on
manufacturer Standard Procedure, and skills of
computer hardware/network technician;

❑ Test electronic components according to both

manufacturer standards and skills required of a
computer hardware/network technician; and

❑ Appreciate the importance of testing criteria for

testing electronics components.
 Definition of Terms:
❑ CIRCUIT – is a complete circular path that
electricity flows through.

❑ HARDWARE – in computer contexts, hardware

refers to the physical components of a
computer system that you can touch and see.

❑ SOFTWARE – software refers to the non-

physical, intangible components of a computer
system that instruct the hardware on what to
do.
❑ Gain – expressed as a change in current,
voltage, or power.
 Definition of Terms:

❑ Supply – offers or gives electric power to a

circuit.

❑ OBSTRUCT – to hinder, to block, or to prevent

something from happening.

❑ ACTIVE COMPONENTS – are capable of

delivering energy to the circuit.

❑ LED (Light Emitting Diode) – widely used

standard source of light in electrical equipment.
 Definition of Terms:

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) – also known as

photoresistor, is light light-sensitive device most
often used to indicate the presence or absence of
light.
 Quarter 4 –Module 1
Electronic Components and
Criteria for Testing Electronic
Components
Presented by: Lomocso, Eliesah B.
 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
❑ Electronic components are the
elements of a circuit that helps in its
functioning. They can be classified into
two types i.e. Active Components and
Passive Components.
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
❑Active elements are those which
possess gain. They can give energy to
the circuit. On the contrary, passive
elements do not possess gain and they
cannot give energy continuously to the
circuit.
 Electronic Components – Active
Components
❑ACTIVE COMPONENTS – active devices
supply energy to the circuit and produce
energy in the form of voltage or current.
These components control the current flow
in the circuit and an external source is
required to operate.
 Electronic Components – Active Components
The following are considered as active components:
❑ Transistor – formed from two
words “Transfer” and “Resistor”. It
transfers resistance from one part
of a circuit to another. It is also
called a voltage-controlled device
or a current-controlled device.
 Electronic Components – Active Components
The following are considered as active components:
❑ Batteries - a device that
converts chemical energy to
electrical energy and provides
power to devices like mobile
phones, laptops, etc.
 Electronic Components – Active Components
The following are considered as active components:
❑ Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - used in
picture tubes in television circuits.
It is controlled by an electron gun.
It modulates, accelerates, and
deflects electron beams onto the
screen to create images.
 Electronic Components – Active Components
The following are considered as active components:
❑ Diode - allows the flow of
electricity in one direction. Most
diodes have a painted line on one
end showing the direction or
flow. The negative side is
normally white.
 Electronic Components – Active Components
The following are considered as active components:

❑ LED (Light Emitting Diode) - a

semiconductor device that
emits light when an electric
current flows through it.
 Electronic Components – Active Components
The following are considered as active components:

❑ Photodiode - a class of diode

that converts light energy to
electricity.
 Electronic Components – Passive
Components
❑PASSIVE COMPONENTS are components that
obstruct the current or supplied energy and
capable of absorbing energy in the circuit. These
components store energy in the form of voltage
or current and unable to control the current flow
in the circuit. External source is not required to
operate.
 Electronic Components – Passive Components
Below are the most commonly used passive components:

❑ Resistor - provides hindrance or

obstruction in the path of
current. Generally used as a
current limiter for protecting
active components from
breakdown.
Electronic Components – Passive Components
Below are the most commonly used passive components:

❑ Inductor - stores energy in the

form of magnetic energy when
electricity is applied. It is also
known as a reactor or a coil.
When the current changes,
inductors keep the electricity
flowing at a steady pace.
 Electronic Components – Passive Components
Below are the most commonly used passive components:

❑ Capacitor - used in the electronic

circuit to store electrical charge.
It frequently sends alternating
current rather than direct
current due to a very important
part of every electrical
equipment.
Electronic Components – Passive Components
Below are the most commonly used passive components:

❑ LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) -

also known as photoresistors.
LDRs are light-sensitive devices
most often used to indicate the
presence or absence of light or to
measure the light intensity.
 Electronic Components – Passive Components
Below are the most commonly used passive components:

❑ Thermistor - a
temperature-sensitive
resistor, often used as a
temperature sensor.
 Electronic Components – Passive Components
Below are the most commonly used passive components:

❑ Switch - a device that

allows electricity to flow
through a circuit by
completing or interrupting
the connection.
 Testing Electronic Components
❑ The task now of the technician is to know
which piece of test equipment to use for
the task at hand, and also understand the
limitations of the test equipment they are
going to use.
 Testing Electronic Components
❑ Technicians must observe all safety warnings and
follow all practical safety precautions to prevent
contact with energized parts of the equipment and
related circuits, including the use of appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment.
 Testing Electronic Components: Steps in Testing
Resistor by Analog Multimeter
❑ Take an AVO meter (or Digital Multimeter) and select
“Resistance” (in the AVO meter, rotate the knob to the “Ω” or
Resistance.
❑ Connect both ends of the resistor with the AVO or Digital
Multimeter Terminals.
❑ If the meter reading shows the exact value of resistance or
with percentage tolerance, it means Resistor in “Good
Condition”.
 Testing Electronic Components: Steps in Testing
Capacitor by Analog Multimeter
❑ Make sure the suspected capacitor is fully discharged.
❑ Take an Ampere, Voltage, Ohm Meter (AVO) meter.
❑ Select analog meter on OHM (Always, select the higher range
of Ohms).
 Testing Electronic Components: Steps in Testing
Capacitor by Analog Multimeter
Note The reading and compare it with the following results.
❑ Short Capacitors: Shorted Capacitors will show very low
Resistance.
❑ Open Capacitors: An Open Capacitor will not show any movement
(Deflection) on the OHM meter Screen.
❑ Good Capacitors: Initially, they will show low resistance, and then
gradually increase toward the infinite. It means that the
Capacitor is in Good Condition
Testing Criteria: Criteria for Testing Electronic
Components Based on Manufacturer Standard
Procedure
❑ The Computer System’s essential parts are hardware
and software which are to be tested to make sure it
follows a quality standard. The test criteria may
comprise predetermined values for input voltages
and/or output currents to be applied to the electronic
components.
The following are the criteria for testing electronic
components:

Functionality Compatibility

This can be performed on It is performed to make sure

hardware or software your product functions in its
targeted use environment
products to verify that
(e.g., different platforms,
your product functions
OS, chipsets, peripherals,
exactly as designed. manufacturers, etc.).
The following are the criteria for testing electronic
components:

Performances Usability
This is performed to provide
Validates that your product
an independent analysis of
functions acceptably for a product in terms of how
the market in which you easy or difficult it is to use
are releasing your product. (documentation,
installation, and product
use cases).
The following are the criteria for testing electronic
components:

Automation Competitive Analysis

This allows you to perform
repetitive testing quickly Compare your product to
and easily by scripting similar products already
your product with one of in the marketplace.
many different industry
tools.
 Criteria for Testing Electronic Components Based on
Skills of Computer Hardware/Network Technician

❑ Interacting with computers – it means speaking the

machine’s language. You must understand how computers
interact with humans and learn to match your thinking to
the machine.
❑ Collecting data and information – the task involves
diagnosing and repairing a problem; this task has a lot in
common with solving a mystery. A big part of that job
involves collecting as much pertinent information as
possible to diagnose the problem.
 Criteria for Testing Electronic Components Based on
Skills of Computer Hardware/Network Technician
❑ Problem-solving and decision-making – problem-solving is
vital to being a computer hardware field technician.
Connecting the dots to determine the problem and then
deciding the correct course of action to take to solve the
problem is very important part of the job/
❑ Communication – a key to almost any job. A computer
hardware field technician must be able to communicate
effectively with clients and co-workers to share
information and solve the problems that arise in their
everyday lives.
 Criteria for Testing Electronic Components Based on
Skills of Computer Hardware/Network Technician
❑ Consulting and advising others – a computer hardware field
technician often ends up advising others on a variety of tasks. A good
field technician can foresee the outcomes and effects of various IT
strategies and advise management as to the best course of action
accordingly
❑ Inspecting equipment, structures, or material – a computer
hardware field technician must ensure that the equipment is
operating properly within its environment.
 Criteria for Testing Electronic Components Based on
Skills of Computer Hardware/Network Technician
❑ Documenting and recording information – there are baseline metrics
that computer hardware field technicians must keep track of to
properly diagnose a healthy network or computer system. The
technician must monitor the efficiency of computer hardware and
adjust if the system is running slowly.
❑ Developing objectives and strategies – a good IT technician must
maintain a proactive strategy that involves maintenance, frequent
virus scans, and creating safeguards. These activities will help to
prevent any major issues or problems
 Criteria for Testing Electronic Components Based on
Skills of Computer Hardware/Network Technician
❑ Training and teaching others - There are two main tiers of training for
a computer hardware field technician. The first is creating a best
practices environment by offering continual training that keeps staff
members up-to-date on new developments in the IT field. The other is
training users on how to correct or prevent any problems or issues that
may arise.