3-1 FORNI AND BASIC MEANING OF THE SIMPLE

I st PERSON PLURAL we Notice: The verb after she, he,

2nd PERSON
talk you talk it (3rd person singular) has a
3rd PERSON
SINGULAR I talk they talk final -s: talks.
you talk she talks
he talks it rains

(a) I eat breakfast every morning. The simple present tense

(b) Olga speaks English every day. expresses habits. In (a):
(c) We sleep every night. Eating breakfast is a habit,
a usual activity. Every
(d) They go to the beach every weekend.
morning = Monday
morning, Tuesday
morning, Wednesday
morning,
Thursday morning, Friday
morning, Saturday morning,
and Sunday morning.

53
 She wakes up every morning at 7:00. He shaves every morning.
EXERCISE 1 . Let's talk: pairwork.
Directions: Work with a partner.

PARTI. What do you do every morning? On the left is a list of habits.

Check (V) your habits every morning. Put them in order. What do you do first,
second, third, etc.? Write them on the lines.
HABITS MY HABITS EVERY MORNING eat breakfast I . The alarm clock
rings.

go to class 2. I turn off the alarm clock.

put on my clothes 3. drink a cup

of coffee/tea 4. shave 5.

put on my make-up 6.

take a shower/bath 7.

get up 8.

pick up my books9.

walk to the bathroom 10.

watch TV 11.

look in the mirror 12.

turn off the alarm clock 13.

go to the kitchen/the cafeteria 14.

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 brush/comb my hair 15.

say good-bye to my roommate/ 16.

wife/husband/parents/partner/etc.

brush my teeth

do exercises

wash my face

PART 11. Tell a partner about your habits every morning. Close your book.

EXERCISE 2. Listening.
Directions: Listen to the sentences and circle the verbs you hear.
1. wake wakes 6. watch watches
2. wake wakes 7. take takes

3. get gets 8. take takes

4. go goes 9. take takes

5. do does 10. talk talks
C] EXERCISE 3. Sentence practice.
Directions: Choose the correct completions.

1. My mother and father eat breakfast at 7:00

every day.
eat eats

2. My mothertea with her breakfast.

drink drinks

a bath every morning.

take takes
4. My sistera shower.
take takes

English with my friends. study studies

Using the Simple Present 55

 6. weto school together every morning.

walk walks

7. Class at 9:00 every day. begin begins

8. Itat 12:00 for lunch.

stop stops
9. Wein the cafeteria.

eat eats

10. My friends and I home at 3:00 every afternoon.

go goes

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 3-2 USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS: ALWAYS, USUALLY,
OFTEN, SOMETIMES, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER
100% always (a) 90%- Bob always eats breakfast.
99% usually (b) often (c) Mary usually eats breakfast.
sometimes They often watch TV at night.
(d) seldom Tom sometimes watches TV.
(e) rarely I seldom watch TV.
(f) I rarely drink milk.
0% never I never eat paper. always
usually often
SUBJECT +sometimes + VERB
seldom rarely never

The words in this list are called

"frequency adverbs." They come
between the subject and the
simple present verb. *
*Some frequency adverbs can also come at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. For
example: Sometimes I get up at seven. I sometimes get up at seven. I get up at seven
sometimes. Also: See Chart 3-4, p. 59, for the use of frequency adverbs with be.

C] EXERCISE 4. Sentence practice,

Directions: Complete the sentences in the chart. Use each frequency adverb once.
Valzvays often never rarely seldom sometimes usually
Sun. Mo Tue We Thur Fr Sa
n. s. d. s. i. t.

drinks tea with

1. Ann always lunch.
2. Bob drinks tea with
lunch.
3. Maria dfinks tea with
lunch.
4. Gary drinks tea with
lunch.
5. Ali drinks tea with
lunch.
6. Sonya drinks tea with
lunch.

7. Joe drinks tea with

lunch.

Using the Simple Present 57

 EXERCISE 5. Sentence practice.
Directions: Write S over the subject and V over the verb in each sentence. Then rewrite
the sentences, adding the italicized frequency adverbs.

1. always I eat breakfast in the morning.

I always eat breakfast in the morning.

2. never I eat carrots for breakfast.

for breakfast.

3. seldom I watch TV in the morning.

in the morning.

4. sometimes I have tea with dinner.

with dinner.

5. usually Sonya eats lunch at the cafeteria.

at the cafeteria.

6. rarely Joe drinks tea.

7. often We listen to music after dinner.

after dinner.

8. always The students speak English in the classroom.

in the classroom.

EXERCISE 6. Let's talk: class activity.

Directions: Your teacher will ask you to talk about your morning, afternoon, and
evening activities. Close your books for this activity.
TEACHER: Tell me something you . . .
1. 2. always do in the morning. 6. never do in the
3. never do in the morning. afternoon.
7. often do in the evening.
4. sometimes do in the morning.
8. sometimes do in the

58 CHAPTER 3
 5. usually do in the afternoon. evening.
6. seldom do in the afternoon. 9. rarely do in the
evening.
10. sometimes do on
weekends.
3-3 OTHER FREQUENCY EXPRESSIONS
once a We can express frequency
day. twice by saying how many
a day. times something happens
three times a a day. a week. a month. a
(a) I drink tea
day. four year.
times a day.
(b) I see my
etc.
grandparents
(c) I see my aunt three times a
once week. a month.
Sam twice a year.
(d) I see my cousin
Every is singular. The noun
(e) I see my roommate every morning.
that follows (e.g., morning)
I pay my bills every month. must be singular.
I see my doctor every year. INCORRECT: every mornings
C] EXERCISE 7. Sentence practice.
Directions: How often do the people in the chart take the bus? Use the chart to
complete the sentences.
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
Hamid
Anna

Yoko .iiiil'l

Marco
Joe

Mrs. Cook
1. Hamid takes the bus seven times a week. That means he

always takes the bus.

2. Anna takes the bus a week. That means she

Using the Simple Present 59

 takes the bus.

3. Yoko takes the bus a week. That means she

takes the bus.

4. Marco takes the bus a week. That means he

takes the bus.

5. Joe takes the bus a week. That means he

takes the bus.

6. Mr.Wu takes the bus.

7. Mrs. Cook takes the bus a week. That means she

takes the bus.

O EXERCISE 8. Listening.
Directions: Listen to the sentences and circle the words you hear.

1. morning mornings 5. day days

2. year years 6. time times

3. year years 7. night nights

4. daydays 8. month months

3-4 USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS WITH BE

Frequency adverbs follow am, is,
SUBJECT FREQUENCY are (the simple forms of be).
ADVERB
late for
class.

always usually often

60 CHAPTER 3
Tom sometimes
seldom rarely
never
SUBJECT FREQUENCY OTHER SIMPLE
Frequency adverbs come before
ADVERB PRESENT VERBS all simple present verbs except
be.

comes late.

always usually often

Tomsometbnes seldom rarely never
EXERCISE 9. Sentence practice.
Directions: Add the frequency adverbs to the sentences.

1. always Ann is on time for class. Ann is always on time for class.
2. always Ann comes to class on time. Ann always comes to class on time.
3. often Maria is late for class.
4. often Maria comes to class late.
5. never It snows in my hometown.
6. never It is very cold in my hometown.
7. usually Bob is at home in the evening.
8. usually Bob stays at home in the evening.
always usually often sometimes seldom rarely never
1. eat dinner
2. go to a movie
3. go shopping
4. go swimming
5. spend time with my friends
6. be at home
7. listen to music
8. watch videos or DVDs
9. speak English
10. send e-mails
11. surf the Internet

Using the Simple Present 61

 12. drink coffee after 9:00
13. be in bed at ten o'clock
14. go to bed late
9. seldom Tom studies at the library in the evening.
10. seldom His classmates are at the library in the evening.
11. sometzmes I skip breakfast.
12. rarely I have time for a big breakfast.
13. usually I am very hungry by lunchtime.
14. never Sue drinks coffee.

EXERCISE 10. Let's talk: class activity.

Directions: Talk about what your classmates do in the evening.
PARTI. Check (V) the boxes to describe your activities after 5:00 P.M.

PART 11. Exchange books with a partner. Your partner will tell the class two things
about your evening.
Example: (Carlos) is usually at home. He sometimes sends e-mails.
(Olga) sometimes drinks coffee after 9:00. She usually goes to bed late.

EXERCISE 11. Paragraph practice.

Directions: Write about a typical day in your life, from the time you get up in the
morning until you go to bed. Use the following words to show the order of your
activities: then, next, at . . o'clock, after that, later.
Example: I usually get up at seven-thirty. I shave, brush my teeth, and take a
shower. Then I put on my clothes and go to the student cafeteria for breakfast.
After that I go back to my room. I sometimes watch the news on TV. At 8: 75,
I leave the dormitory. I go to class. My class begins at 8:30. I'm in class from
8:30 to 1 1:30. After that I eat lunch. I usually have a sandwich and a cup of
tea for lunch. (Continue until you complete your day.)

3-5 SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -ES

SPELLING PRONUNCIATION

62 CHAPTER 3
 Ending of verb: -sh, -ch, -SS, -x. Spelling:
-sh (a) push pushes push/az/
add -es.
-ch (b) teach teaches teach/oz/ Pronunciation: /ez/.
(c) kiss kisses kiss/oz/
-x (d) fix fixes fix/oz/

EXERCISE 12. Sentence practice,

Directions: Use the verbs in italics to complete the sentences.
l. brush Alice brushes her hair every morning.
2. teach Alex English.

3
. fix Jason his breakfast every morning. He makes
eggs and toast.

4. drink Sonya tea every afternoon.

5. watch Joon Kee often television at night.

6. kiss Peter always his children goodnight.

7. wear Tina usually jeans to class.

8. wash Eric seldomdishes.

9. walk Jenny her dog twice each day.

10. stretch, When Jack gets up in the morning, he and

yawn

O EXERCISE 13. Listening.

Directions: Listen to the sentences and circle the verbs you hear.

1. teach teaches6. watch watches

2. teach teaches7. brush brushes

3. fix fixes 8. brush brushes

4. fix fixes 9. wash washes

5. watch watches 10. wash washes

Using the Simple Present 63

Cl EXERCISE 14. Verb form practice.
Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the words in the list and add -s or -es. Then
practice reading the story aloud (with a partner or in small groups).
brush get take wash
cook leave turn watch
fall read sit
Laura leaves her office every night at 5:00 and gets on a bus to go home. She has
a regular schedule every evening. She cooks dinner and then sits down to eat at 6:00. After she
washes the dishes, she turns on the TV. She usually watches the news and then a movie. At
9:00, she takes a shower. She always brushes her teeth after her shower. Then she picks up a
book and reads in bed for a while. She usually falls asleep before 10:00.

3-6 ADDING FINAL -S/-ESTO WORDS THAT END IN -Y

(a) cry cries End of verb: consonant + -Y'
tries Spelling: change y to i, add -es.

(b) pay pays End of verb: vowel + -Ye add

enjoy enjoys Spelling; -s.
O EXERCISE 15. Spelling practice.
Directions: Complete the chart with the correct form of each verb.
1. I try He tries

2. We study. She studies

3. They say. It says

4. You worry. My mother worries

5. We fly. A bird flies

6. I stay awake. Paul stays awake.

7. I enjoy games. Ann enjoys games.

8. Students buy books. My brother buys books.

9. We pay bills. Gina pays bills.

10. I play music. My friend plays music.

64 CHAPTER 3
 O EXERCISE 16. Sentence practice.
Directions: Use the words in italics to complete the sentences.
1. pay, alwaysBoris always pays his bills on time.

2. cry, seldom Our baby seldom cries at night.

3. study Paul studies at the library every day.

4. stay, usually Laura usually stays home at night.

Using the Simple Present 65

 5. fly Kunio is a pilot. He flies a plane.

6. carry, always Carol always carries her books to class.

7. buy, seldom Ann seldom buys new clothes.

8. worry Tina is a good student, but she worries about her grades.

9. enjoyRon enjoys good food.

3-7 IRREGULAR SINGULAR VERBS: HAS, DOES, GOES

Have, do, and go have irregular
she + has forms for third person singular:
he it /hæz/ ha
ve

(c) I do my work. doe ha

s
/doz s
(d) She does her work. / do
do
es
go
(e) They go to school. + go
goes / es
she
(f) She goes to school. he gowz/

it
EXERCISE 17. Sentence practice.
Directions: Use the giv school en verbs to complete the sentences.

l. do Pierre alw snack ays does his homework.

2. do We always do our homework.

3. haveYoko and Hamid have their books.

4. haveMrs. Chang has a car.

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 5. go Andy goes to every day.
6. haveJessica has a every night around ten.

7. do Sara seldom does her homework.

8. do We do exercises in class every day.

9. go, go Roberto goes downtown every weekend. He and his wife go

shopping.

10. go My friends often go to the beach.

EXERCISE 18. Listening.

Directions: Listen to the story. Complete the sentences with is, has, does, or goes.
Marco is a student. He has an unusual schedule. All of
2 his classes are at night. His first class
at 6:00 P.M. every day. He 3 a break from 7:30 to 8:00. Then he
classes from 8:00 4 5 to 10:00.

He leaves school and home at 10:00. After he

6 7 dinner, he watches TV. Then he
his homework from midnight to 3:00
8 or 4:00 in the morning.

Marco his own computer at home. When he finishes his

9 homework, he usually goes on the Internet.
He usually stays at his computer until the

sun comes up. Then he a few exercises, breakfast, and

Using the Simple Present 67

 10 11 to bed. He sleeps all day.
Marco thinks his schedule
12 13 great, but his friends think it strange.
14

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