HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering

ASSIGNMENT ON
Advanced Measurement Experiment
GVHD: ThS. Đặng Minh Phụng
SVTH: Huỳnh Trọng Nhân 19143295
Trịnh Minh Mẫn 19143284
Trần Trung Tín 19143346
Trần Minh Đạt 19143233
Ngô Thành Nam 19143289

TP.HCM, tháng 4 năm 2022

 CONTENTS
1. COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE. ...................................................... 1
1.1 What is a CMM meter? .................................................................................... 1
1.2 Structure of 3D measuring machine CMM. ..................................................... 1
1.3 How does the 3D measuring machine work? .................................................. 1
1.4 Application of 3D measuring machine CMM. ................................................ 1
2. ROUGHNESS TESTER. ..................................................................................... 2
2.1 What is a roughness tester ? ............................................................................. 2
2.2 Structure of roughness tester. ........................................................................... 2
2.3 Working principle. ........................................................................................... 2
3. VISION MESUREMENT MACHINE................................................................ 3
3.1 What is a vision measuring machine? ............................................................. 3
3.2 How to detect the coordinate point by VMM? ............................................... 3
3.3 What is the measuring sensor of VMM? ......................................................... 4
3.4 What is the difference between VMM and CMM? ......................................... 5
3.5 What is the difference in movement mode about VMM? ............................... 5
4. 3D PRINTER. ...................................................................................................... 5
4.1. What is a 3D printer ? .................................................................................... 5
4.2. Structure of 3D printer. .................................................................................. 6
4.3. Working principle. ......................................................................................... 7
4.4. Examples: ...................................................................................................... 8
5. 3D Scanner ........................................................................................................... 9
5.1. Unlimited scanning ...................................................................................... 10
5.2. Advanced operation ..................................................................................... 10
 1. COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE.
1.1 What is a CMM meter?
The CMM measuring machine, the full English name is Coordinate Measuring
Machine, is a 3-dimensional coordinate measuring machine known as a solution for
all stages in the process of manufacturing electronic equipment or manufacturing
vehicles from phones, laptops, TVs to cars and even airplanes. This device is
currently quite popular in the market thanks to its ability to increase efficiency and
save costs in production.
1.2 Structure of 3D measuring machine CMM.
The basic 3-D dimensioner will have the following main parts:
Probe system: touch head, optical probe, laser scanner or camera and light system.
Main structure: multi-directional movement system of the touch head includes: fixed
station form used to measure small objects, mobile handle arms form and can work
outdoors for large objects not can be put into the laboratory…
Software to collect, process data and control the system: control equipment, control
screen, software that provides data to evaluate the accuracy of the product compared
to the original drawing or provide drawings of the object being measured.
1.3 How does the 3D measuring machine work?
The 3-D coordinate measuring machine is capable of measuring the physical shape
and size of the object through the probes. These probes will contact the surface of
the object indirectly or directly and can move on the X, Y, Z axis system - that is, the
3D axis system. Currently on the market there are many different types of probes
including: touch probes, optical probes, laser scanners, camera probes and lighting
systems.
1.4 Application of 3D measuring machine CMM.
CMM machines are most commonly used in the product quality control process. In
addition, the device is widely used in drawing and shaping in the aircraft
manufacturing, electronic equipment manufacturing, medical equipment
manufacturing and energy industries.

This tool is used to measure lengths, widths, test samples, angle or depth diagrams
to improve the accuracy of parts or the final product. In addition, the device is also
useful in measuring samples or shaping during production. By applying the 3-D

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measuring machine CMM, the inspection period is also shortened, helping the
factory to both increase productivity and ensure product quality.
2. ROUGHNESS TESTER.
2.1 What is a roughness tester ?
Roughness is an important parameter when trying to find out whether a surface is
suitable for a certain purpose
A roughness tester is used to quickly and accurately determine the surface texture or
surface roughness of a material.
A roughness tester shows the measured roughness depth (Rz) as well as the mean
roughness value (Ra) in micrometers or microns (µm).

2.2 Structure of roughness tester.

In terms of structure, the roughness meters have a very simple structure, including 3
basic parts:
Measuring head: this part is attached to the body of the machine and is the part in
direct contact with the surface of the material.
Body: This clone has an internal sensor that receives the data from the transducer
and then analyzes the data on the surface roughness and gloss.
Display screen: this unit is mounted on the body to display the measured results of
the level of roughness and gloss for the user to easily observe.
2.3 Working principle.
When placing the roughness meter on the surface of the material to be measured,
light will be shined on the surface of the material and will be reflected back to the
gauge. The reflection of this light will determine how rough and glossy the surface
of the material.
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Then, the roughness meter analyzes and determines the reflection angle of the light
to quickly give results on the roughness or gloss of the material. The results will be
clearly displayed on the screen of the meter so that users can accurately monitor and
record statistics.
3. VISION MESUREMENT MACHINE.
3.1 What is a vision measuring machine?
Optical vision measuring machine (Abbreviation: VMM) is a coordinate metrology
machine designed for the measurement of linear size and geometrical size in
computer technology with machine vision for high accuracy measurement, it can
measure the linear size, such as point, line, distance, angle, circle, ellipse, rectangle,
tangent and the geometrical size, such as straightness, flatness, circularity,
cylindricity, perpendicularity, parallelism, angularity, position, concentricity,
coaxiality, symmetry, line profile, surface profile.

3.2 How to detect the coordinate point by VMM?

VMM has three-vertical-axis movement system to construct a spatial coordinate
system, the coordinate point cloud can be detected by the sensors with the travel
working of three-axis-linear-scales.

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3.3 What is the measuring sensor of VMM?
Vision sensor:
The standard sensor of VMM is a vision sensor, it is composed of an optical zoom
lens with an analogue CCD camera or digital CMOS camera and LED light source,
it can measure the 2D feature of the workpiece if the measured feature is under the
vision sensor perpendicularly.
Laser probe:
Because the visible light will penetrate the transparent and semi-transparent material,
the reflected vision signal has been weakened to meet the requirement of measuring,
so the triangle laser scanning probe and the confocal white sensor has been developed
to meet the application of glass measurement at the field of a smartphone, monitor,
TV and medical industry.
Touch probe:
As for the vision sensor and laser sensor, it has been installed on Z-axis, it is
perpendicular to the X-Y stage, it only can measure the feature of 2D. If the
customers want 3D feature measurement, but the 2D sensor can not observe and
measure the side of the workpiece, thus the 3D touch probe, especially the star-styli-
probe must be applied for the contact measurement.

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3.4 What is the difference between VMM and CMM?
As for the traditional CMM, the sensor is a contact probe, the coordinate point is
touched by probe one by one, but the VMM vision sensor can catch hundreds of
points in one shot, so VMM 2D measuring speed is faster and more precise than
CMM. Because the stage of CMM is granite stone, CMM can make a large size with
heavy-weight load capability.
3.5 What is the difference in movement mode about VMM?
Normally, there are three types of VMM from the movement mode, it is as follows:
Manual VMM: the movement of X, Y, and Z-axis is operated by manpower.
Semi-auto VMM: the movement of the X-Y stage is run by manpower, but the Z-
axis focus is run by a motor.
Automatic VMM: the movement of X, Y, and Z-axis is operated by a motor.
4. 3D PRINTER.
4.1. What is a 3D printer ?
A 3D printer is a computer-aided output (CAM) device for creating three-
dimensional objects. Like traditional internal machines, digital 3D printers receive
data from the input computer. However, instead of printing heads on paper, 3D
printers build three-dimensional models from material modifications.

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 4.2. Structure of 3D printer.
Printhead and extrusion system: The system is responsible for heating and extruding
the thermoplastic 3D printed material through a nozzle to form the part. Factors such
as nozzle size and plastic extrusion speed will impact the accuracy a printer can
achieve, as well as print speed.
Printing table and Z-axis motion system: The printing table is a place to store printed
products, the print head will extrude the material onto the printing table. During the
printing process, the Z-axis motion system moves the bed in equal, increments to
create the layers that make up the printed part. The precision of the motors driving
the Z-motion system controls the resolution and quality of the part in the Z-axis.
XY Motion System: The rig directly controls the X and Y movements of the print
head. It is responsible for “drawing” each 2D printed layer according to the design
of the part. The robustness of the rig and the quality of the motor and control sensors
along with the bed will determine the accuracy of a 3D printed part.

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 4.3. Working principle.
3D printers use a principle known as additive manufacturing to form (or “in”)
physical layers of the object until the model is complete. This is another thing with
production but output, in that the hosting again or remove object from the current.
Since 3D printers create models from scratch, they are more efficient and produce
less quality with minus output devices.
To a machine in 3D activity, to have a control software system. The software will
process the design CAD (STL file), divide it into layers, and then calculate and create
a running path for the top of each inner layer. The machine in 3D FFF technology
will extrude the plastic according to the preset running path. At the start of the trigger
point, the table is set to its highest level and the XY system movement will turn
inward as designed. At the end of an inner layer, Z system will switch the table to let
the machine continue to execute in the next inner layer, overriding the original inner
layer.

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 4.4. Examples:
In the automotive industry.

In the electronics industry.

In the field of energy.

Aerospace industry.

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Defense industry.

5. 3D Scanner
3D scanner SHINING3D FreeScan X5 Plus
FreeScan X5 Plus is a portable laser scanner belonging to the SHINING 3D series of
industrial 3D scanners. FreeScan X5 Plus is a metrological scanner characterized by
high accuracy and stability. The device uses laser technology, which allows scanning
of metallic and reflective objects.

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 5.1. Unlimited scanning
The FreeScan X5 Plus scanner is lightweight and does not require connecting cables
to computers, which gives the user full freedom of 3D scanning. The scanned data is
displayed in real time on a smartphone or tablet making it easier to scan large objects.
The device provides 3 hours of continuous operation and 12 hours of standby. The
use of replaceable batteries will allow the scanner to work longer.
5.2. Advanced operation
3D scanner SHINING3D FreeScan X5 Plus has an AirMaster wireless computing
processor with a built-in heterogeneous multi-core SOC processor that performs
image data calculations and is completely controlled by the hardware. The AirMaster
weight is 0.8 kg and its dimensions are 210 x 100 x 40 mm. The FreeScan X5 Plus
3D scanner offers fully wireless 3D scanning with the same smoothness as the wired
version. Data is sent via Wi-Fi. The scanner is widely used in various industries, such
as 3D printing, prototyping, reverse engineering and quality control or measurement
of geometric features.

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