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Module 3 - Unit 2

This document discusses solids for which volume is equal to base times height. It defines terms like polyhedron, cube, rectangular parallelepiped, prism, cylinder, and provides properties and formulas to calculate volume, surface area, and lateral area for various solids. It also includes example exercises solving for volume and surface area of given solids.

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ntulagan05
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17 views

Module 3 - Unit 2

This document discusses solids for which volume is equal to base times height. It defines terms like polyhedron, cube, rectangular parallelepiped, prism, cylinder, and provides properties and formulas to calculate volume, surface area, and lateral area for various solids. It also includes example exercises solving for volume and surface area of given solids.

Uploaded by

ntulagan05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 3: SOLID MENSURATION

Figure 1http://world-placez.blogspot.com/2013/02/Great-Pyramid-Giza-Egypt.html
UNIT 2: SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh

Learning Outcomes:

1. Solve the volume of solids.

2. Solve the lateral and surface areas of solids.


SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh
● SOLID-any llimited portion of space, bounded
by surfaces
● SECTION of a solid- is the plane figure cut
from the solid by passing a plane through it
Definition of Terms
● POLYHEDRON- a solid bounded by planes.
● EDGES-intersection of the bounding planes.
● FACES-portions of the bounding planes
included by the edges, and are polygons.
● VERTICES-intersection of the edges.
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh

CUBE-is a polyhedron whose six faces are all


squares.
PROPERTIES:
a. The three dimensions of a
cube are equal to each other.
Thus, all edges are equal. Total area=sum of the areas
of its faces
b.All the faces of a cube are T=6a2

congruent squares. Volume, V=a3 , where


a = edge
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh
RECTANGULAR PARALLELEPIPED- is a
polyhedron whose six faces are all rectangles.
Properties:
a.The parallel edges are equal.
b.The opposite lateral faces are
equal and parallel.
c. Any two opposite faces
may be taken as the bases.
d.Every section made by a
plane parallel to the base is equal to that of the base.
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh

PRISM-is a prism
polyhedron of which
two faces are equal
polygons in parallel
planes, and the other
faces are
parallelograms.
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh
Prism Properties ● The altitude is the
● The bases are equal perpendicular distance
polygons; the lateral area betweenthe palnes of its
is the sum of the areas of bases.
the remaining faces. ● A right section of a prism
● The intersection of the is a section pependicular
lateral faces are called the to the lateral edges.
lateral edges. ● A right prism whose
● The sections made by lateral edges are
parallel planes cutting all perpendicular to its bases;
the lateral edges are its lateral faces are
equal polygons. rectangles.
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh
Note: A prism is named according to
its base.

LATERAL AREA= lateral edge x


perimeter of the right section=
L=ePK

SURFACE AREA= L + 2B

VOLUME= base x altitude


V=Bh

VOLUME=right section x lateral


edge
V= Ke
CYLINDRICAL SURFACE, CYLINDER, CIRCULAR
CYLINDER, AND RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER
● CYLINDRICAL SURFACE: A surface generated by a
moving straight line(generator) which is always parallel to
a fixed line, and which always intersects a fixed plane
curve(directrix) not in the plane with the fixed line.
● CYLINDER: Solid bounded by a closed cylindrical
surface and two parallel planes.
● CIRCULAR CYLINDER: A cylinder which has a circular
right section.
● RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER: a circular cylinder whose
elements are perpendicular to its base.
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh
CYLINDRICAL SURFACE, CYLINDER, CIRCULAR
CYLINDER, AND RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER

Circular Cylinder
LA=perimeter of right section x
element,
L= Pe

Volume=Base x height ,
V=Bh

Volume=right section x element,


V=Ke
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh

Exercises:
1.Find the volume and total area of the
largest cube of wood that can be
cut from a log of circular cross section
whose radius is 12.7 in.

2.Counting 38 cu.ft.of coal to a ton, how many tons will a


coal bin 19 ft. long, 6 ft. wide and 9 ft.deep contain, when
level is full?
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh

Exercises:
1.Find the volume and total area of the
largest cube of wood that can be
cut from a log of circular cross section
whose radius is 12.7 in.

Solution: Let a denotes the side of the cube.


SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh

Consider the isosceles right triangle formed by the two


radius. Using Pythagorean theorem,

a=√ 12.7 +12.7 =17.96 in.


2 2

Thus,

T=6(17.96)2=19
35.3696 in.2

And

V=(17.96)3=579
3.2063 in.3
SOLIDS FOR V=Bh

2.Counting 38 cu.ft.of coal to a ton, how many tons will a


coal bin 19 ft. long, 6 ft. wide and 9 ft.deep contain, when
level is full?
Solution:
First, you compute for the volume of the coal bin.
V= 19 x 6 x9=1026 ft3
Then, convert the volume in ft3 to tons.
V in tons= 1026 ft3 x 1 ton/38 ft3
V= 27 tons.
SOLIDS FOR WHICH V=Bh
Exercises:

3.A lead pencil whose ends are regular hexagons was cut
from a cylindrical piece of wood, with the least waste. If the
original piece was 8 in.long and ½ in.in diameter, find the
volume of the pencil.

4.The diameter of a well is 6 ft.and the water is 7 ft.deep.


How many gallons of water are there in the well, reckoning
7.48 gal to the cubic foot?

Reminder: Do Homework 13.

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