PRE - CALCULUS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 8

Quarter 1, Week 4

Name:
Grade and Section:

Learning Competency:
Define a hyperbola

Objective:
1. Give the standard form of an equation of a hyperbola with vertex at the origin.
2. Give the equation of a hyperbola in standard form with vertex at (h,k).
3. Identify the center, vertices, foci, covertices and lengths of major and minor axes of
an ellipse.

Overview:

Just like ellipse, a hyperbola is one of the conic sections that most students have not
encountered formally before. Its graph consists of two unbounded branches which extend
opposite directions. A hyperbola is the locus of all points in the plane; the absolute difference
of whose distances from two fixed points F and F’ is a constant.

Below is a table that will guide you on how to find the properties of a hyperbola:
1 2
Equation in 𝑥
2
𝑦
2
𝑦
2
𝑥
2

2 − 2 = 1 2 − 2 = 1
Standard Form 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎

Center C(0,0) C(0,0)

Vertices 𝑉(− 𝑎, 0) ; 𝑉'(𝑎, 0) 𝑉(0, 𝑎) ; 𝑉'(0, − 𝑎)
Foci 𝐹(− 𝑐, 0) ; 𝐹'(𝑐, 0) 𝐹(0, 𝑐) ; 𝐹'(0, − 𝑐)
Transverse axis 2𝑎, horizontal 2𝑎, vertical
Conjugate axis 2𝑏, vertical 2𝑏, horizontal

3 4
Equation in (𝑥−ℎ)
2
(𝑦−𝑘)
2
(𝑦−𝑘)
2
(𝑥−ℎ)
2
− =1 − =1
Standard Form
2 2 2 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
Center C(h,k) C(h,k)
Vertices 𝑉(ℎ + 𝑎, 𝑘) ; 𝑉'(ℎ − 𝑎, 𝑘) 𝑉(ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑎) ; 𝑉'(ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑎)
Foci 𝐹(ℎ + 𝑐, 𝑘) ; 𝐹'(ℎ − 𝑐, 𝑘) 𝐹(ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑐) ; 𝐹'(ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑐)
Transverse axis 2𝑎, horizontal 2𝑎, vertical
Conjugate axis 2𝑏, vertical 2𝑏, horizontal

2 2 2
Remember that 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 .
 2 2
𝑥 𝑦
Example1: Given the equation of the hyperbola 9
− 7
= 1, determine the foci,
vertices, and asymptotes.

Solution:
2 2 2 2
Here, 𝑎 = 9 and 𝑏 = 7, so we have 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 7, and 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 16 = 4.
Thus,
foci : 𝐹(4, 0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹'(− 4, 0)
vertices : 𝑉(− 3, 0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉'(− 3, 0)
7 7
asymptotes : 𝑦= 3
𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =− 3
𝑥

2 2
Example 2: Given a hyperbola 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 32𝑥 + 30𝑦 = 1, give the coordinates of
the center, foci, and vertices.

Solution:
To be guided correctly, transform the equation first into standard form. In the
following steps, we will employ the properties of equation and the process completing the
square to form square trinomials.
2 2
4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 32𝑥 + 30𝑦 = 1
2 2
(4𝑥 + 32𝑥) − (5𝑦 − 30𝑦) = 1
2 2
4(𝑥 + 8𝑥) − 5(𝑦 − 6𝑦) = 1
2 2
(
4(𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 16) − 5 𝑦 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 1 + 4(16) − 5(9) )
2 2
4(𝑥 + 4) − 5(𝑦 − 3) = 20
2 2
(𝑥+4) (𝑦−3)
5
− 4
=1

This equation shows the hyperbola 3 in the previous table where

𝑎 = 5, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2. Solving c, we have 𝑐 = 5 − 4 = 1 . Therefore, hyperbola has the
following properties:
Center: 𝐶(− 4, 3)
Vertices: 𝑉(− 4 + 5, 3)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉'(− 4 − 5,3)
Foci: 𝐹(− 7, 3)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹'(− 1, 3)

Example 3: A hyperbola has vertices (− 4, − 5)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (− 4, 9) , and one of its foci is

(− 4, 2 − 65). Find its standard equation.

Solution:
The midpoint of the two vertices is the center of the hyperbola. Using the midpoint
formula, we have ( −4−4
2
,
−5+9
2 ) = (− 4, 2). The vertices is vertically aligned at x=-4, so the
hyperbola is vertical. The distance between the center and the two vertices is 7 units, so
2 2− 2
a=7. One focus gives us the value of 𝑐 = 65 units. Thus, 𝑏 = 𝑐 𝑎 = 65 − 49 = 16, and
the standard equation is
2 2
(𝑦−2) (𝑥+4)
49
− 16
= 1.
Exercise A.
Identify the center, vertices, foci and length of transverse and conjugate axes of the
following hyperbola.
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
1. 100
− 81
=1
2 2
(𝑥+1) (𝑦−2)
2. 36
− 9
=1
2 2
(𝑦−6) (𝑥−8)
3. 64
− 36
=1
2 2
4. 9𝑦 + 54𝑦 − 6𝑥 − 36𝑥 − 27 = 0
2 2
5. 16𝑥 + 64𝑥 − 105𝑦 + 840𝑦 = 3296

Exercise B.
Find an equation of the hyperbola which satisfies the given condition.
1. foci (7, − 17) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (7, 17), the absolute value of the difference of the distances of
any point from the foci is 24.
2. foci (− 3, − 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (15, − 2), a vertex at (9, − 2)
3. center (− 10, − 4), one corner of auxiliary rectangle at (− 1, 12), with horizontal
transverse axis
4. having focus at (9, 3)and vertices at (9, − 5)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (9, 1)
5. center at the origin, a vertex at (2, 0); a focus at (4, 0).

Test Yourself

1. Two radio stations are located 150 miles apart, where station A is west of station
B. Radio signals are being transmitted simultaneously by both stations, travelling
at a rate of 0.2 miles /µsec. A plane travelling at 60 miles above ground level has
just passed by station B and is headed towards the other station. If the signal
from B arrives at the plane 480 µsec before the signal sent from A, determine the
location of the plane.

References:
Precalculus Learner’s Material