𝑎

➢ Principal Axis- a line through the foci. The asymptotes is given by 𝑦 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘, thus, the equations of the
𝑏
4 4
asymptotes are; 𝑦= (𝑥 − 3) − 1 and 𝑦 = − (𝑥 − 3) − 1.
➢ Vertices- two points on the hyperbola that lie on the principal axis. 5 5

➢ Transverse Axis- the line segment joining the 2 vertices of a hyperbola. The axis
where foci and vertices lie.

➢ Foci- fixed points that lie on the principal axis. E

➢ Directrices- two fixed lines which are perpendicular to the transverse axis.

➢ Center- intersection of transverse and conjugate axes, the midpoint of the

transverse axis and the midpoint of the foci.

➢ Conjugate Axis- line segment whose length is 2b and perpendicular to the transverse
axis.
4. Write the 4x2 - 9y2 - 16x − 18y - 29 = 0 in standard form.
➢ Branches – two non-intersecting curves of the hyperbola.
Solution:
➢ Asymptotes – the two diagonal lines passing through the center where the two (4x2 - 16x) + (-9y2 − 18y) = 29 Group together terms with the same
branches approach. variables

➢ Latera Recta- two line segments in which each joins two points on the graph passing 4(x2 - 4x) - 9(y2 + 2y) = 29 Factor out the numerical coefficient of the
through the focus and perpendicular to the transverse axis. variable x and y
2 2
4(x - 4x+ 4) -9(y + 2y+ 1) = 29 + 16 - 9 Completing the square

4( x - 2)2 - 9 (y + 1)2 = 36 Divide both sides by 144

(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+1)2
− = 1, Standard form of the equation of a hyperbola
Principal axis 9 4

4. Find an equation for the hyperbola in standard form having center (2, -1),
vertex at (-1, -1) and b = 2.

Solution:
From the given vertex and center, the transverse axis is horizontal and the
distance from the vertex to center is a = 3. Since b =2, the equation is
(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+1)2
+ = 1,
2 9 4
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Activity 1: Sketch the graph of each of the given equation. Determine its center ©, foci (F1
and F2), vertices (V1 and V2), co-vertices (W1 and W2) and the equation of the asymptotes
(A1 and A2).
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2
1. − =1 2. − =1
36 64 25 16
(𝑥 + 3)2
(𝑦 − 4)2 (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑦 − 2)2
3. − =1 4. − =1
9 4 4 25
5. -4x2 + 49y2 + 32x + 196y - 64 = 0

Equation C F1 F2 V1 V2 W1 W2
1
2
Type equation here.
3
4
5
Week # 4 Inclusive Dates: ____________ Quarter: ___Quarter I Score: _______
Competencies: (STEM_PC11AG- Id-1) Define a hyperbola
Equation
(STEM_PC11AG- Id-2) Determine the standard form of equation of a hyperbola
1
2
3
4 ➢ A hyperbola is the set of all points P in a plane such that the absolute value of the
5 difference of the distances of P from two fixed points 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 is a constant. The two
fixed points are called foci of the hyperbola.

Activity 2. Find an equation for the hyperbola described below.

a) center (0, 0); focus at (0, 3); vertex at (0, 1).

b) The foci are (−5,−3) and (9,−3). For any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value
of the difference of its of its distances from the foci is 10.

c) vertices (1, 9) and (13, 9), focus is (−2, 9).

d) vertices (−4,−5) and (−4, 9), and one of its foci is (−4, 2 − √65).

e) Center (-6, 9), a vertex (-6, 15), conjugate axis of length 12.

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2. Determine the vertices, co-vertices, foci and the equation of asymptotes of the Let 2a be the fixed difference of the distances from any point P(x, y) to each of the focus.
equation. Then sketch the graph.
Then
𝑦2 𝑥2
− =1
4 9
Here, a2 = 4; a=2 b2 = 9; b = 3
The transverse axis of the hyperbola is vertical and the vertices are (0, 2) and
(0, -2). The co-vertices are (3, 0) and (-3, 0) and points (-3, 2), (3, 2), (3, -2) and (-3, -2) are
the corners of the auxiliary rectangle. The extended diagonals of the rectangle are the
asymptotes where the hyperbola approaches these lines as x any y get larger and larger.

To get the focus,

b2 = c2 – a2 or c2 = b2 + a2 c = √9 + 4
c = √13 ≈ 3.6
The focus is c units away from the center (0,0), thus, the foci are (0, √13) and
2
(0,- √13) . The equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = ± 𝑥.
3

This is the equation of hyperbola with center at (0,0), foci at (-c, 0) and (c, 0),
where b2 = c2- a2

3. Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, co-vertices, foci, and the equation of the Standard Form of the Equation of a hyperbola
(𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−3)2
asymptotes of − = 1.
16 25
Solution:
The given equation shows that the center of the hyperbola is (3, -1). The branches
of the hyperbola open upward and downward since the term containing x is negative.
Since a2 = 16 and b2 = 25, it follows that a = 4 and b = 5, thus the conjugate axis is
longer than the transverse axis.
Using 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √16 + 25 = √41. The focus is c units away from the
center, thus, the foci are (3, −1 + √41) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3, −1 − √41).
The vertices are (3, 3) and (3, -5), the co-vertices are (-2, -1) and (8, -1).
6 3

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In the hyperbola with center (0,0) and transverse axis on the x-axis, Steps in Graphing a Hyperbola
a. Determine the vertices and co-vertices
b. Draw the auxiliary rectangle.
c. Draw the asymptotes as diagonals of the auxiliary rectangle.
• the coordinates of the vertices are (±𝑎, 0) d. Sketch the graph.
• the coordinates of the co-vertices are (0, ±𝑏)
• the coordinates of the foci are (±𝑐, 0) Illustrative examples
𝑏
• the equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = ± 𝑥 Sketch the graph of the equation −
𝑥2 𝑦2
= 1 and determine its vertices, co vertices,
𝑎
16 9
foci and asymptotes.
In a hyperbola with center (0,0)and transverse axis on the y-axis, Solution:
Here, a2 = 16; a=4
b2 = 9; b=3
• the coordinates of the vertices are (0, ±𝑎) The transverse axis of the hyperbola is horizontal and the vertices are (4, 0)
and (-4, 0). The co-vertices are (0, 3) and (0, -3) and points (-4, 3), (4, 3), (4, -3) and (-4,
• the coordinates of the co-vertices are (±𝑏, 0 )
-3) are the corners of the auxiliary rectangle. The extended diagonals of the rectangle
• the coordinates of the foci are ( 0, ±𝑐)
𝑎 are the asymptotes where the hyperbola approaches these lines as x any y get larger
• the equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = ± 𝑥 and larger.
𝑏
To get the focus,
In the hyperbola with center (ℎ, 𝑘) and transverse axis parallel to the x -axis, b2 = c2 – a2 or c2 = b2 + a2 c = √9 + 16
c = √25 = 5
The focus is c units away from the center (0,0), thus, the foci are (5, 0) and (-5,
3
• the coordinates of the vertices are (ℎ ± 𝑎, 𝑘) 0). The equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = ± 𝑥.
4
• the coordinates of the co-vertices are (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑏)
• the coordinates of the foci are (ℎ ± 𝑐, 𝑘)
𝑏
• the equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝑎

In the hyperbola with center (ℎ, 𝑘)and transverse axis on the x-axis,

• the coordinates of the vertices are (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑎)

• the coordinates of the co-vertices are (ℎ ± 𝑏, 𝑘 )
• the coordinates of the foci are ( ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑐)
𝑎
• the equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝑏

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