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    01 - CIRCLE - Done

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    01 - CIRCLE - Done

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    Cynthia Frany
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    01_CIRCLE - Done

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    SH1712

    Conic Sections – Circle


    Conic Sections
    Conic sections are curves generated by the
    intersection of a cone and a plane.
     Circle  Parabola
     Ellipse  Hyperbola
    A circle is a conic section obtained by intersecting a
    cone with a plane perpendicular to its axis of
    symmetry. It is of a set of points equidistant to a
    given point called the center.

    Basic Concepts of a Circle


     Center: It is the point wherein all points in a circle are equidistant to.
     Circumference: It is the curve that bounds the circle.

    (𝑥 ,(𝑥𝑦 ) and ,𝑦 ), then the center is given by 𝑥


     Diameter: It is the line crossing the circle and passing through the center. Suppose the
    𝑦1+𝑦2 ,
    1+𝑥2
    ).
    endpoints of diameter are
    1 1 2 2 (
    2 2
     Radius: It is a straight line drawn from the center to the boundary line or circumference.
    Its length is half of the length of the diameter.
     Chord: It is a straight line joining two (2) points on the circumference points of a circle.
     Arc: It is a part of the circumference between two (2) points or a continuous piece of a
    circle.

    Standard Equation of a Circle with center at (h, k) and radius 𝒓:


    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
    = 𝑟2
    Graphing a circle
    STEP 1. Detetermine ℎ, 𝑘, and 𝑟.
    STEP 2. Locate the center (ℎ, 𝑘).
    STEP 3. Locate the endpoints of horizontal diameter (ℎ ± 𝑟, 𝑘) and endpoints of
    vertical diameter (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑟).
    STEP 4. Draw the circle that passes on these four (4) points and label the graphs (center,
    radius, and diameter endpoints).

    Expressing Polynomial Equation of a Circle to Standard Form

    Group 𝑥 and 𝑦 terms.


    STEP 1. Transpose the constant term.

    Complete the square for expressions in 𝑥 and 𝑦.


    STEP 2.

    Express the 𝑥 and 𝑦 expressions as perfect squares and simplify the constant terms.
    STEP 3.
    STEP 4.
    2 2
    𝑥2 + + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 ⇔ ) + (𝑦 )
    𝑎 𝑏
    =
    𝑎2+𝑏2−4𝑐
    4
    𝑦2 (𝑥 + 2 + 2

    Center is at (− , −𝑏 with radius


    √𝑎2+𝑏2−4𝑐
    𝑎
    )
    2
    .

    2 2

    References:
    Coburn, J. (2016). Pre-Calculus. 2 Penn Plaza, New York. McGraw Hill Education.
    Weisstein, E. (n.d.). Conic section. In MathWorld – A Wolfram Web Resource. Retrieved from http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ConicSection.html
    01 Handout 1 *Property of STI
    Page 1 of 1

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