Topic: classification of arts

The various classifications of art include fine art, visual art, plastic art, performance art, applied art, and decorative
art.

 Fine Arts

Fine arts include:

Drawing – charcoal, chalk, crayon, pastel, graphite, colored pencil, or pen and ink

Painting – oils, watercolor, gouache, acrylics, ink and wash, tempera, or encaustic paints

Printmaking – woodcuts, stencils, engraving, etching and lithography, or screen-printing, foil imaging, or giclee prints

Sculpture – bronze, stone, marble, wood, or clay

Calligraphy – beautiful a and stylized handwriting.

 Visual Art

The visual arts include all the fine arts, in addition to the following:

New media – digital art, computer graphics, computer animation, virtual art, Internet art, interactive art, video games,
computer robotics, 3D printing, and art as biotechnology

Photography

Environmental art

Contemporary forms of expression – assemblage, collage, conceptual, installation

 Plastic Art

The term plastic art includes artworks that are molded and not necessarily plastic objects. This category consists of
three-dimensional works like clay, plaster, stone, metals, wood, and paper (origami).

 Performance Art

This classification consists of an art form that refers to public performance events that occur mainly in the theater.
Performance arts include:

Traditional performance art – theatre, opera, music, and ballet

Contemporary performance art – mime

Hyper-modern performance art – happenings

 Applied Art

This category encompasses the application of aesthetic designs to everyday functional objects. Applied arts are intended
for the use of a career. It includes architecture, computer art, photography, industrial design, graphic design, fashion
design, and interior design.

 Decorative Art

This classification refers to functional but ornamental art forms, such as jewelry, ceramics, mosaic art, and other
embellished items by ornaments and other designs. It also includes works in glass, clay, wood, metal, textile fabric,
furniture, furnishings, stained glass, and tapestry art. Interior designers often use this art form for home, commercial
and retail outlets, and office décor.

A. Principle and elements of design

1.1 principle of design

The principles of art represent how the artist uses the elements of art to create an effect and to help convey the artist's
intent. The principles of art and design are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity/variety.
The use of these principles can help determine whether a painting is successful, and whether or not the painting is
finished.

 Balance refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. It is a sense that the painting feels stable
and "feels right." Imbalance causes a feeling of discomfort in the viewer.
  Contrast is the difference between elements of art in a composition, such that each element is made stronger in
relation to the other. When placed next to each other, contrasting elements command the viewer's attention.
Areas of contrast are among the first places that a viewer's eye is drawn. Contrast can be achieved by
juxtapositions of any of the elements of art. Negative/Positive space is an example of contrast. Complementary
colors placed side by side is an example of contrast. Notan is an example of contrast.
 Emphasis is when the artist creates an area of the composition that is visually dominant and commands the
viewer's attention. This is often achieved by contrast.
 Movement is the result of using the elements of art such that they move the viewer's eye around and within the
image. A sense of movement can be created by diagonal or curvy lines, either real or implied, by edges, by the
illusion of space, by repetition, by energetic mark-making.
 Pattern is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination thereof. Anything can be
turned into a pattern through repetition. Some classic patterns are spirals, grids, weaves.
 Rhythm is created by movement implied through the repetition of elements of art in a non-uniform but
organized way. It is related to rhythm in music. Unlike pattern, which demands consistency, rhythm relies on
variety.
 Unity/Variety You want your painting to feel unified such that all the elements fit together comfortably. Too
much unity creates monotony, too much variety creates chaos. You need both. Ideally, you want areas of
interest in your composition along with places for your eye to rest.

1.2 Elements of Design

There are a variety of graphic design elements to consider when creating any visual work of art, whether it be for
interior design, a logo, an advertisement, or web design. The basic elements of design are:

 Color: Color helps establish a mood for your composition. When light waves strike an object and reflect back to
the optic nerve in a human’s eyes, the sensation they perceive is called color. Artists and designers use color to
depict and describe the subject. Color is used by designers to portray mood, light, depth, and point of view.
Designers use the color wheel and the tenets of color theory—a set of guidelines for mixing, combining, and
manipulating colors—to create color schemes.
 Line: Line refers to the way that two points in space are connected. Whether they’re horizontal lines, diagonal
lines, or vertical lines, lines can help direct the eye toward a certain point in your composition. You can also
create texture by incorporating different types of lines such as curved or patterned lines instead of just straight
lines.
 Value: In design, value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. The values of a color are often visualized in
a gradient, which displays a series of variations on one hue, arranged from the lightest to the darkest. Artists can
use the various values of color to create the illusion of mass and volume in their work.
 Space: Making proper use of space can help others view your design as you intended. White space or negative
space is the space between or around the focal point of an image. Positive space is the space that your subject
matter takes up in your composition. The spacing of your design is important because a layout that’s too
crowded can overwhelm the viewer’s eye.
 Shape: In its most basic form, a shape is a two-dimensional area that is surrounded by an outline. Graphic artists
can use other elements including line, color, value, and shadow to give a shape the appearance of a three-
dimensional shape. There are three types of shapes: organic shapes which occur naturally in the world,
geometric shapes which are angular and mathematically consistent, and abstract shapes that represent things in
nature but aren’t perfectly representative.
 Form: Form pertains to the way that a shape or physical configuration occupies space. Instead of creating form
through three-dimensional physical shape, designers create the appearance of form on a flat surface by using
light, shadow, the appearance of an object’s contours, negative space, and the surrounding objects around the
subject matter.
 Texture: Texture is one of the elements of design that is used to represent how an object appears or feels.
Tactile texture is a physical sense of touch, whether it’s rough, smooth, or ribbed. Visual texture, on the other
hand, refers to the imagined feel of the illustrated texture, which can create more visual interest and a
heightened sensory experience.

What is the difference between the principle and the elements of Design

The elements of design refer to the basic building blocks of any composition. The principles of design refer to how the
elements are used, like the symmetrical and asymmetrical balance, pattern, emphasis, movement, and proportion. The
principles of design are a set of cardinal rules and techniques for composing the various elements of design.
Assessment

1-5 True or false

1-10 multiple choice

1-5 identification

1 essay question (aims to generalized the whole discussion