KWnXw

Ãm≥tU¿Uv V

`mKw ˛1

tIc-f-k¿°m¿
hnZym-`ym-kh-Ip∏v
KT-131 / 1-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2016
 tZio-b-Km\w
P\-K-W-a-\- -A-[n-\m-bI Pbtl
`mc-X -`m-Ky-hn-[mXm,
]©m-_k - n‘p KpP-dmØ admTm
{ZmhnU DXv°-e- _w-Km,
hn‘y-ln-am-N-e -b-ap\mKwKm,
D—e Pe-[nX-cwKm,
Xh-ip-`-\mta PmtK,
Xh-ip` Bin-j -am-tK,
Kmtl Xh- P-b- KmYm
P\-K-W-aw-K-e-Zm-bI Pbtl
`mc-X- `m-Ky-hn-[mXm.
Pb-tl, Pb-tl, Pb-tl,
Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!

{]Xn⁄
C¥y Fs‚ cmPy-am-Wv. F√m C¥y-°mcpw Fs‚
ktlm-Z-co- ktlmZc-∑m-cm-Wv.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kvt\ln- ° p∂p;

kºq¿Whpw sshhn-[y-]q¿W-hp-amb AXns‚
]mcº-cy-Øn¬ Rm≥ A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂p.

Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw Kpcp-°-∑m-scbpw

apXn¿∂-hscbpw _lp-am-\n-°pw.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw Fs‚ \m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw

t£a-Øn\pw sFiz-cy-Øn-\pw- th≠n {]bXv\n°pw.
Prepared by :
State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)
Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala
Website : www.scertkerala.gov.in
E-mail : scertkerala@gmail.com
Phone : 0471-2341883, Fax : 0471-2341869
Typesetting and Layout : SCERT
First Edition : 2014, Reprint : 2016
Printed at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi-30
© Department of Education, Government of Kerala
 {]nb-s∏´ Ip´n-Itf,

kwJy-Ifpw cq]-ßf - p-ambn _‘-s∏´v

Iptd-tb-sd- Im-cy-߃ \mw a\- n-em°n.

Iptd-°qSn henbkwJy-Iƒ, `n∂kwJy-Iƒ,

Ah-bpsS {Inb-Iƒ, D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øm-hp∂
{]iv\ß- ƒ, kwJym-{]-tXy-IX - I
- ƒ
XpS-ßn-bhbpw \ap°v N¿®-sN-ømw;
Pyman-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]pXnb Bi-bß - fpw
\n¿an-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-Nb
- s
- ∏-Smw.

bp‡n-]c
- a
- mbn Nn¥n®pw IrXy-Xt- bmsS hc®pw
_‘-߃ Is≠-Øn-bpw
\ap°v Bfl-hn-izm-kt- ØmsS apt∂-dmw.
Biw-k-I-tfmsS,

tUm. ]n. F. ^mØna

Ub-d-IvS¿
Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.
KT-131 / 2-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1
 ]mT-]p-kvXI cN\
inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-h¿
cta-i≥ F≥.sI. kpio-e≥. sI.-
F-®v.-F-kv.-F-. _n.B¿.kn. s{Sbn-\¿, Xncq¿,
B¿.-Pn.-Fw.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, ]m\q¿, ae-∏pdw
IÆq¿ hmkp-tZ-h≥ -sI.-]n.
Ip™-l-Ω-Zv. Sn.-]n. amÿ s{Sbn-\¿, sF.Sn. @ kvIqƒ
]n.Un. So®¿, Pn.Fw.-bp.-]n. kvIqƒ, t{]mP-IvSv, Xr»q¿
Xncp-h-≈q¿ hocm≥Ip-´n sI.
{]Im-i≥ Sn.]n. bp.]n.-F-kv.-F, kn.F-®v.-Fw.-sI.-Fw.-
F®v.-F-kv.-F, Pn.F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. bp.-]n.-F-kv, ap≠-°p-fw, ae-∏pdw
hmg-°m-Sv, ae-∏pdw dhmb-Øv -Fw.-sI.
chn-Ip-am¿ Sn.-Fkv. So®¿, Pn.F-®v.-F-kv, t_Ω-Æq¿,
]n.Un.-So-®¿, Pn.bp.-]n.-F-kv, ]me-°mSv
A©-®-h-Sn, ae-∏pdw IrjvW-Zmkv ]tecn
A\n-X- hn.-Fkv. So®¿, Pn.bp.-]n.-F-kv, sImSn-b-Ω,
eIvN-d¿, Ub-‰v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Im-kdtKmUv
hnZ-Kv[¿
tUm. cta-jvIp-am¿ ]n.
Akn. s{]m^k¿, tIcf k¿hI-em-ime
tUm. apwXmkv F≥.-Fkv.
Atkm. s{]m^-k¿, ^mdq°v s{Sbn-\nMv tImtf-Pv, tImgn-t°mSv
Nn{X-Imc-∑m¿
[t\-i≥ Fw.hn. lcn-Ip-am¿ sI._n.
F.hn.-F-kv.-Pn.--F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, Ig-°q´w, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Icn-h-≈q¿, IÆq¿
lcn Nmcp-X
Ip™n-cm-a≥ -]n.-kn.
t\aw, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Ub-‰v, Fd-Wm-Ipfw
A°m-Z-anIv tImUnt\‰¿am¿
Acp¨ tPymXn Fkv.
dnk¿®v Hm^o-k¿, Fkv.-kn.C.-B¿.Sn.
tUm. enUvk¨cmPv sP.
dnk¿®v Hm^o-k¿, Fkv.-kn.C.-B¿.Sn.

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT)

hnZym-`h≥, ]qP-∏p-c, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 012
1. kwJym-temIw ....................... 07

2. hc-Iƒ tNcp-tºmƒ................ 19

3. `mKw hbv°¬ ...................... 33

4. hrØ-߃............................ 51

5. `mK-ß-fpsS kwJy .................. 61

Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ kuI-cy-Øn-\mbn Nne Nn”-߃
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ICT km[yX

IW°v sNbvXp-t\m°mw

t{]mPIvSv

Xncn-™p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ
KWnXw

1
kwJy-mtemIw

7
 KWnXw

kwJym-tIfn
""IW-°nse Ifn-Iƒ CjvSa - mtWm''? ssk\ So®¿ tNmZn-®p.
""CjvSa- mWv'' ˛ Ip´n-Iƒ hnfn-®p-]d - ™
- p.
""Rm≥ Hcp kwJy ] - d- b
- mw. AXns‚ ASpØ
kwJy s]s´∂v \n߃ ]d-bWw, CXmWv
Ifn. Xbm-dm-Wt√m?''
""Xbm¿!''
""]Øv'' ˛--- So®¿ ]d™pXpS-ßn.
""]Xn-s\m∂v'' ˛ Ip´n-Ifpw.
""\m¬∏Ønaq∂v''
""\m¬∏Øn\mev''
Ifn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
""\mem-bn-cØn sXmÆq‰n HºXv'' ˛ So®¿ ]d-™p.
""Aøm-bncw'' ˛ Nne I - p-´n-Iƒ hnfn-®p-]d- ™
- p.
""Atøm.... A√. \mem-bn-cØn Hcp-\qdv''.
CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ A_-≤ß - ƒ B¿°pw ]‰mw.
C\nbpw Ifn®pt\m°q.
{]th-i-t\m-’hw
{]th-i\w t\Snb Ip´n-
I-fpsS FÆ-ambn Fgp-
Xn- b n- c n- ° p∂ kwJy
F{X-bmWv?
F{X-h-sc-bp≈ kwJy-
Iƒ \n߃°v hmbn-
°m\dnbmw?
G‰hpw henb \me-°-
kwJy GXmWv?

CXns‚ sXm´-Sp-Ø
kwJy GXm-Wv?

H∂mw ¢mkn¬ {]th-i\w

t\Sn-bXv 435268 Ip´n-Iƒ

8
 KWnXw
G‰hpw henb A©° kwJytbm?
CXns‚ sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ kwJy GXmWv?
Cu kwJy Fßs\ I≠p-]n-Sn°pw?
Fßs\ hmbn°pw? `oa≥ kwJy
km[m-c-W-bmbn \ap°v Adn-bm-hp∂
henb kwJy-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp ]´nI t\m°q.
henb kwJy tNmZn-®m¬ tImSn, 100
1 H∂v tImSn Fs∂m-s°-bmWv ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv.
1 \ptijw 10 ]qPyw tN¿Øm¬
10 ]Øv
Bbncw tImSn-bm-bn. 1 \p tijw 100
100 \qdv ]qPyap≈ kwJy-bpsS hep∏w Btem-
Nn-°q... CXmWv ""KqtKmƒ'' (googol)
1000 Bbncw
F∂ kwJy. 1938 - ˛ ¬ FtUz¿Uv
10000 ]Xn-\m-bncw Imkv\¿ BWv Cu t]cv sImSp-Ø-Xv.
100000 e£w e£- Ø n\v \qdm- b ncw (Hundred
thousand) F∂pw 10 e£-Øn\v aney≥
1000000 ]Øv e£w
(Million) F∂p-amWv a‰v Nne cmPyß-
10000000 tImSn fn¬ t]cp-Iƒ.

100000000 ]Øv tImSn

Cßs\ XpS¿s∂-gp-Xn-bm¬ kwJy-Iƒ \qdptImSn,

Bbncw tImSn F∂n-ßs\ \o≠p-t]m-Ipw.
C\n sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xn-\m-bn-cØn sXm≈m-bn-cØn
sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xns‚ IqsS H∂v Iq´n-bm¬ In´p∂
kwJy GXm-sW∂p ]d-bmtam?
99999 + 1 = 100000
Cu kwJy Fßs\ hmbn°pw?
]´nI t\m°q.
Hcp e£-Øn¬ Bdv A°-߃ D≠v.
AXm-bXv Hcp e£w F∂Xv Bd-°-kw-Jy-bm-
Wv . At∏mƒ G‰hpw henb Bd- ° - k wJy
GXmWv?
HºXv e£Øn sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xn-\m-bn-cØn sXm≈m-bn-cØn sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xns‚
IqsS H∂v Iq´n-bm¬ In´p∂ kwJy GXmWv?
AXm-bXv, 999999 + 1 =

9
 KWnXw

$ NphsS X∂n-cn-°p∂ kwJy-Iƒ ]´n-I-bnse GsX√mw kwJy-Iƒ°nS-bn-emsW∂v

Is≠-Øq.
3245; 435268; 26736; 43526720
$ Hcp Bd-°-kwJy Fgp-Xp-I. Cu kwJy ]´n-I-bnse GsX√mw kwJy-Iƒ°v CS-bn-
em-bn-cn°pw? Cu kwJy Fßs\ hmbn°pw?
$ e£-Øn-\pw ]Øp e£-Øn\pw CS-bn-ep-≈- A©v kwJy-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-I. Cu kwJy-
Iƒ Fß-s\-bmWv hmbn-°p-∂-Xv?
{Kl-Zqcw
kqcy-\n¬\n∂p hnhn[ {Kl-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Zqcw NphsS ]´n-I-bn¬ X∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

{Kl߃ Zqcw (In.an)

_p[≥ 57909175
ip{I≥ 108200000
`qan 149600011
sNmΔ 227940000
hymgw 778333000
i\n 1429400000
bpdm-\kv 2870990000
s\]v‰yq¨ 4504300000

`qan-bn¬\n∂p kqcy-\n-te°v F{X Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqcw D≠v?

Cu Zqcw 149600011 Intem-ao-‰¿ BsW∂v ]´n-I-bn¬\n∂p ImWmw. Cu Zqcw Fßs\
hmbn°pw?
]Xn-\mep tImSn sXmÆq‰n Bdv e£Øn ]-Xn-s\m∂v.
hymg-Øn¬\n∂p kqcy-\n-te-°p≈ Zqcw F{X Intem-ao-‰-dmWv?
kqcy-t\mSv G‰hpw ASpØp≈ {Kl-Øn-te-°p≈ Zqcw F{X-bmWv?
kqcy-t\mSv G‰hpw AI-se-bp≈ {Kl-Øn-te-°p≈ Zqctam?
apI-fn¬ Is≠Ønb Zqc-ß-sf√mw hmbn-®p-t\m-°q.

10
 KWnXw

]Xn-\m-bncw ]e-Xcw
10000 ]e-X-c-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bXv t\m°q.
F{X kwJy-Iƒ!
100 \qdv
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 F∂o A°- ß ƒ
Bh¿Øn-°m-sX F{X A©°kw-
1000 ]Øv 10000 H∂v Jy-Iƒ D≠m-°mw? CØ-c-Øn-ep≈
F√m A©°kwJy-Ifpw FgpXn
10000 t\m°p∂Xv Ffp-∏-a-√-t√m.
c≠-°ß - ƒ am{X-ta- D-≈p-sh-¶ntem?
10 Bbn-c-w 1 ]Xn-\m-bncw DZmlc-Wa- mbn, 3, 4 F∂nh D]-tbm-
CtXt]mse 100000 Øns\ ]e-co-Xn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn- Kn®v D≠m-°m-hp∂ c≠-°-kw-Jy-
t\m°q. Iƒ 34 Dw 43 Dw BWt√m.
C\n aq∂°ßƒ D]tbmKn®p≈
.....

aq∂°kwJy-Iƒ BsW-¶ntem?
v
H∂
.....

BsI 6 kwJy-Iƒ In´pw.

....
....

.....
]Ø

C\n \mev A°ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈

.....
v

\me-°-kw-Jy-I-fpsS FÆw IW-

°m-°n-°qtS? A©-°ß - f
- m-bmtem?
.............. \qdv 100000 .............. e£w
.....
-c-w
bn

]X
. B

.............. \qdv
n-\m
.....

-bn

...
.....

-c-w

...
...
v
Ø

...
...
]

...
..

...
...

...
...

...
...

.
...

]Øp-e-£sØ Fßs\ ]e-co- 1000000

............................ .............. H∂v
Xn-bn¬ Fgp-Xpw?
KT-131 / 3-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

....
....

....
....

....
....
....

....
....

....
....

....
....

....

11
 KWnXw

Hcp kwJy -]-e-Xcw $ 85492 s\ GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬ FgpXmw?

9 ]Øv .......
854 \qdv .......
....... 2 H∂v
A°ßƒsIms≠mcp
Ifn
12345
Cßs\ XpS¿®-bmbn A©p XhW ..................... H∂v ..................... H∂v
ASp-Ø-Sp-Ømbn Fgp-Xp-I. Hcp henb
kwJy In´n-bnt√. CXn¬\n∂v ................... ]Øv ................... ]Øv
85492
CjvS-ap≈ 10 A°-߃ sh´n°f-bp-I.
..................... \qdv ..................... \qdv
_m°n hcp∂h AtX {Ia-Øn¬
tN¿Øp h®m¬ 15 A°-ß-fp≈ Hcp ............... Bbn-cw ............... Bbn-cw
kwJy In´nt√? sh´p∂ A°-߃
amdp-tºmƒ In´p∂ kwJybpw ....... ]Xn-\m-bn-c-w
amdpw. Cßs\ In´p∂ G‰hpw
henb 15 A°-
kwJy GXmWv? ..................... ]Øv .............. H∂v

$ NphsS X∂n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ Hgn™p InS- ° p∂

ÿm\ßfn¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb kwJy-Iƒ Fgp-XpI.

...... H∂v ...... \qdv ...... ]Xn-\m-bncw ...... e£w

6 H∂v ................ H∂v

3 ]Øv
............... ]Øv
48 \qdv ............
.......... Bbn-c-w
2 ]Xn-\m-bncw
.................... e£w
3 e£w

..................... ]Øv .............. H∂v

$ 136749 s\ ]e- -coXn-bn¬ FgpXnt\m°q.

12
 KWnXw

P\-kwJy
2011˛se sk≥kkvv ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n- C¥ybnse Nne kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-kwJy
NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p:
Ccp-hgnkwJy-Iƒ
kwÿm-\-߃ P\-kwJy apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pw Hcp- t ]mse
hmbn- ° m- h p∂ kwJy- I - f mWv
PΩp-Im-ivao¿ 12548926
CcphgnkwJy- I ƒ- (Palindromic
lnam-N¬ {]tZiv 6856509 numbers). Chsb ka-anX kwJy-Iƒ
DØ-cm-Jfiv 10116752 F∂pw ]d-bpw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn
lcn-bm\ 25353081 36863

cmP-ÿm≥ 68621012 GXp kwJy- b n¬\n∂pw Ccp- h gn

DØ¿{]-tZiv 199581477 kwJy-Iƒ D≠m-°m-tam? CjvS-ap≈
kwJy- FSp-°p-I. AXns\ Xncn-s®-
_olm¿ 103804637
gpXn Iq´pI. Cßs\ CcphgnkwJy
kn°nw 607688 BIp-∂-Xp-hsc XpS-cpI. 69 
tIcfw 33387677 96
Xan-gv\mSv 72138958 DZm- l - c - W - a mbn 165
I¿Wm-SIw 61130704 69. CXns\ Xncn- 561
s®-gp-Xn-bm¬ 96.
tKmh 1457723 726
CXv BZysØ
]©m_v 27704236 kwJy-bp-ambn 627
Iq´n-bm¬ 69 + 96 1353
$ ]´n- I - b n¬ G‰hpw Ipd™ P\- k w- J y- b p≈
= 165. Cu {Inb 3531
kwÿm\w GXv? P\-kwJy F{X?
XpS¿∂mtem?
$ ]´n- I - b n¬ G‰hpw IqSnb P\- k w- J y- b p≈ 4884
kwÿm\w GXv? P\-kwJy F{X? 4884 Ccp- h - g n- k w- J y- b t√? thsd
kwJy- I - s f- S pØv CXp- t ]mse
$ Cu c≠p kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-kw-JyIƒ- XΩn-
sNbvXpt\m°q.
ep≈ hyXymkw F{X-bmWv?
$ \ΩpsS Ab¬kwÿm- \ - ß - f mb Xan- g v \ m- S v , GXp- kw- J y- b n¬\n∂p XpS- ß n-
I¿Wm-SIw F∂nhnSßfnse BsI P\-kwJy
bmepw Cu {Inb Ccp- h gn
F{X?
kwJybn¬ FØn-t®-cp-sa∂v Dd-
$ DØ¿{]tZ-inse P\-kw-Jy, _olm-dn-te-Xn-t\- ∏n-√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, 196 ¬\n∂v
°mƒ F{X IqSp-X-emWv? XpSßn Cu {Inb 70 tImSn Xh-W
$ ]´nI-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂ kwÿm-\ß- sf P\- Bh¿Øn-®n´pw Ccp-hgnkwJy-bn¬
kw-Jy-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {Ia-s∏-SpØn Fgp- FØn-bn-´n-√.
Xp-I.
]´nI hmbn®v IqSp-X¬ tNmZy-߃ Xbm-dm°n ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q.

13
 KWnXw

kwJy-Iƒ \n¿an°mw
knbmZpw aocbpw A°°m¿Up-IƒsIm≠v
kwJy-Iƒ D≠m°n Ifn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A°ßfpsS XpIbpw
A°-Øp-Ibpw
4 0 7 8 5 6 Hcp kwJy-bnse A°-߃
Iq´n-bm¬ e`n-°p∂ kwJysb
F∂o Im¿Up-If
- mWv c≠p t]¿°pw In´n-bXv. A°-ß-fpsS XpI F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
DZm-l-cWw: 347  3 + 4 + 7  14.
$ Ch D]-tbm-Kn®v D≠m-°m-hp∂ G‰hpw Cu kwJybnse A°-ß-fpsS XpI
henb kwJy GXmWv? 1 + 4 = 5. AXm-b-Xv, 347 F∂ kwJy-bpsS
A°-ß-fpsS XpI 14 Dw A°-ØpI
$ G‰hpw sNdnb kwJy GXmWv? 5 Dw BWv.
9, 18, 27, 36,... F∂ kwJym-{I-a
$ Cu kwJy- I - f psS XpIbpw hyXym-
-Ønse kwJy-I-fpsS A°-
khpw IW-°m-°p-I. Øp-Ibv°v F¥mWv
kwJym-ame {]tXy-IX?

X∂n-cn-°p∂ Nn{XØn¬ BZy-h-cn-

bnse ASp-ØSpØp≈ c≠p If-ß- 475368 998838 470993 503213
fnse kwJy-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-
amWv ASpØ hcn-bnse If-ß-fn¬
Fgp-tX-≠Xv. c≠m-asØ hcn-bnse 523470
ASp-Ø-SpØ If-ß-fnse kwJy-Iƒ
XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-ka - mWv AXn-\S- pØ
hcn-bnse If-ßf
- n¬ Fgp-tX-≠Xv. Cu
coXn-bn¬ Hgn™v InS-°p∂ If-ß-
fnse kwJy-Iƒ FgpXn t\m°q.
_P‰v
Hcp ]©m-b-Øns‚ _P-‰n¬ Nne taJ-e-Iƒ°mbn \o°n-h® XpIbpsS hnhcw NphsS
]´n-I-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p.

taJe XpI
BtcmKyw 1255000
hnZym-`ymkw 789000
tdmUv hnI-k\w 2060000
IpSn-sh≈w 490000

14
 KWnXw

$ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ XpI \o°n-h-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv GXv Imt{]-°¿ ÿnc-kwJy

taJ-ebv-°mWv? 2 , 3 , 5, 6 F∂o A°- ß ƒ
$ G‰hpw Ipd™ XpItbm? Bh¿Øn°msX D≠m-°m-hp∂
$ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ F{X cq] IqSp- G‰hpw henb kwJy GXmWv?
G‰hpw sNdptXm?
X-emWv tdmUv hnI-k-\-Øn\v \o°nh®n-cn-°p-
Ah XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw F{X-
∂Xv?
bmWv?
$ F√m taJ-e-Iƒ°pw IqSn \o°nh®n-cn-°p-∂Xv 6532 − 2356 = 4176
BsI F{X cq]-bmWv?
Cu kwJy-bnse A°-߃ 4,
$ ASpØ h¿j-tØ°v Cu taJ-e-Iƒ°mbn CXn- 1, 7, 6 BW-t√m. Ch D]-tbm-
t\-°mƒ 4 e£w cq] IqSp-X¬ A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. Kn®v apI-fn¬ sNbvXXp-t]mse
AXv Iq´n- t ®¿Øv ASpØ h¿jsØ _P‰v sNbvXm¬ 7641 − 1467 = 6174.
c≠pcoXnbn¬ Xbm-dm-°pI. Cu kw- J y- b nse A°- ß ƒ
apºp sNbvX-Xp-t]mse sNbvXp
KpW\w ]e-hn[w t\m°q. F¥mWv Is≠- Ø n-
Hcp hnZym-eb
- Ø
- n¬ HmWm-tLm-jØ - n¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ bXv? a‰v \mev A°-߃ D]-tbm-
apgp-h≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw t]\ \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n®p. Hcp Kn®v CXv sNbvXpt\m°m-a-t√m.
t]\bv°v 6 cq]. 256 Ip´n-If
- p-s≠-¶n¬ t]\ hmßm≥ alm-cm-jv{S-bnse A[ym-]-I-\m-
bn-cp∂ Imt{]-°¿ F∂ KWn-
F{X cq] th≠nhcpw?
X-im-kv{X-⁄\ - mWv CXp Is≠-
Fßs\ IW-°m°pw? Øn-bX - v. AXp-sIm≠v 6174 F∂
kwJy Imt{]-°¿ -ÿnckw-Jy-
256 × 6 = .................
F∂-t]-cn-emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
Hcp bp. ]n. kvIqfn¬ ]©m-bØv hI ^¿Wn-®¿ Xv.
hmßm≥ ^≠v hI-bn-cp-Øn. Hcp sUkvIn\v 3456
cq] BIp-sa-¶n¬ 85 sUkvIp-Iƒ°v F¥p sNe-
C\n as‰mcp \me-°-
hmIpw? kwJy Fgp-Xq. Cu kwJy
3456 × 85 BWt√m ImtW-≠-Xv. t\sc Xncn-s®-gpXn henb
kwJy-bn¬ \n∂p sNdnb
CXv NphsS sImSpØ coXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xmw: kwJy Ipd-bv°pI. Cu
{]{Inb XpScq. \n߃
3456 × 85 = 3456 × (5 + 80 )
F¥mWp Is≠-Øn-bXv?
= (3456 × 5) + (3456 × 80)
AXm-bXv 3456 × 5 = ...............
3456 × 80 = ...............

3456 × 85 = ...............

15
 KWnXw

CXv Cßs\ Npcp°n Fgp-Xmw.......

3456 × KpWn-®p t\m°msX
85
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 1 × 3 ×4 × 10.
17280
276480 H∂p apX¬ A©p hsc
XpS¿®-bmb kwJy-Iƒ KpWn-®m¬
293760
KpW-\-^eØns‚ Ah-km\
A°w ]qPy-am-bn-cn-°pw.
bqWnt^mw hnX-cWw
Hcp kvIq-fn¬ 528 s]¨Ip-´n-Ifpw 443 B¨Ip- H∂p apX¬ ]Øp hsc-bp≈
´n-Ifpw D≠v. B¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS Hcp bqWn-t^m- kwJy-Iƒ KpWn-®mtem?
an\v 160 cq]bpw s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS Hcp bqWn- KpW-\-^-e-Øns‚ Ah-km-\sØ
F{X A°-߃ ]qPy-am-bn-cn°pw?
t^m-an\v 210 cq]bpw BIp-sa-¶n¬ kvIqfnse
KpWn®v t\m°msX
F√m Ip´n-Iƒ°p-ambn bqWn-t^m-an\v F¥p
]d-bmtam?
sNe-hmIpw?
c≠m-bmepw H∂v
Iznkv a’-c-hnP-bn-Iƒ°v kΩm\w \¬Im-\mbn cmPo-h≥ amÿ 12 cq]-bpsS 3 ]m°‰v
{Itbm¨ hmßn. a’cw Ign-™-t∏mƒ 2 t]¿°p IqSn kΩm\w sImSp-t°≠nh∂-Xn-
\m¬ ho≠pw c≠p ]m°‰v hmßn. kΩm-\-Øn-\mbn
BsI F{X cq] sNe-hmbn?
kwJym-_‘w
BZyw sNe-hm-bXv = 12 × 3 = 36 cq]
XpS¿®-bmb 4 FƬ
ho≠pw 2 ]m°‰v hmßn-b-t∏mƒ kw-Jy-I-fpsS
sNe-hm-bXv = 12 × 2 = 24 cq] KpW-\-^-e-tØmSv
H∂v Iq´p-I.
BsI = 36 + 24 = 60 cq]
Cu kwJy-I-fn¬
CXp Xs∂ as‰mcp coXn-bnepw ImWmw: sNdnb kwJybpw
BsI hmßnb hen-b- kw-Jybpw KpWn®v
]m°-‰p-I-fpsS FÆw = 3+2=5 In´p-∂-Xn-t\mSv H∂v Iq´p-I.
H∂ns‚ hne = 12 Cßs\ In´nb
kwJy-Iƒ XΩn¬
BsI = 12 × 5 = 60 cq]
F¥mWv _‘w?
CXn¬ \n∂p \n߃ F¥p Is≠Øn? IqSp-X¬ DZm-l-c-W-ß-
(3 + 2) × 12 = (3 × 12) + (2 × 12) fn-eqsS \nß-fpsS
\nK-a\w Is≠-Øq.

16
 KWnXw

a\-°-W-°mbn sNømw
Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂h a\-°-W-°mbn Is≠-Øp-I.
225 × 98 + 225 × 2
45 × 92 + 45 × 8
115 × 88 + 115 × 12
132 × 7 + 132 × 993

$ Hcp hnZym-`ymk Pn√-bnse 215 hnZym-eb - ß- f

- n¬ KWn-Xe- m_v k÷o-Ic - n-°p-∂X
- n-\mbn
Pn√m-]©
- m-bØv Hmtcm hnZym-eb - n\pw 4850 cq] hoXw A\p-hZ- n-®p. 36 hnZyme-bß
- Ø - -
fn¬ Iºyq-´¿ em_v k÷o-Ic - n-°p-∂X- n\v 76500 cq] hoXhpw A\p-hZ- n-®p. F¶n¬ em_pI-
fpsS k÷o-Ic - W
- Ø
- n-\mbn ]©m-bØv BsI F{X XpI \o°n-h® - p?
$ kvIqƒ D®-`-£W ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Hcp Ip´n°v Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v th≠nhcp-∂Xv 150
{Kmw Acn-bm-Wv. D®-`-£W ]≤-Xn-bn≥ Iogn¬ 1240 Ip´n-Iƒ D≠v. Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v
Ch¿°v BsI F{X Intem{Kmw Acn th≠nhcpw?
$ Hcp bp. ]n. kvIqfn¬ Iºyq-´¿ em_v \n¿am-W-Øn-\mbn ]n. Sn. F. 236465 cq] tiJ-
cn-®p. tiJ-cn® XpI-bn¬ 1000 cq], 500 cq], 100 cq], 50 cq], 10 cq], 5 cq] t\m´p-
I-fmWv D≈-Xv. 1000 cq]mt\m-´p-I-fpsS FÆw 100. a‰p t\m´p-Iƒ Hmtcm∂pw F{X-
sbms° Bhmw? GsX-¶nepw aq∂p coXn-I-fn¬ Fgp-Xp-I.
$ hmb\hmcw {]am-Wn®v kwÿm-\sØ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ 587 {KŸm-e-b-߃°mbn
1221 ]pkvX-I-߃ hoXw \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\-am-bn. F¶n¬ ]≤-Xn-°p-th≠n BsI
F{X ]pkvX-I-߃ hmtß-≠n-hcpw?
$ c≠v ÿm\m¿YnIƒ am{Xw a’cn® Hcp Xncs™Sp∏n¬ hnP-bn-bmb ÿm\m¿Yn°v
374436 thm´pw FXn¿ ÿm\m¿Yn°v 293760 thm´pw e`n-®p. 1436 thm´p-Iƒ Akm-
[p-hm-bn. F¶n¬ Pbn® ÿm\m¿Yn-bpsS `qcn-]£w F{X-bmWv? AhnsS BsI
F{X-t]cmWv thm´v sNbvXXv?

t{]mPIvSv
Hcp \me-°-kwJy FgpXn AXv Xncn-s®-gp-Xp-I. hep-Xn¬ \n∂v sNdpXv Ipd-bv°p-I.
In´p∂ kwJy-bpsS A°-Øp-Ibv°v Fs¥-¶nepw {]tXy-I-X-bpt≠m?

17
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ e£w, ]Øp-e-£w, tImSn XpSßnb
hen- b - k w- J y- I sf A°- ß - f psS
FÆw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hmbn-°m-
\pw Fgp-Xm\pw Ign-bp∂p.
$ kwJy- I - f n¬ Hmtcm ÿm\w CS-
tØm´v t]mIpw -tXmdpw ÿm\-hne
10 aS-ßm-Ip∂p F∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-
°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
$ GXp kwJy-sbbpw kμ¿`-Øn-\-\p-
k-cn®v H∂p-Iƒ, ]Øp-Iƒ, \qdp-Iƒ,
Bbn-c-߃,... F∂n-ßs\bp≈ Iq´-
ß-fm-°m≥ Ign-bp∂p.
$ Hcp kwJysb aq∂- ° - k w- J y-
IƒsIm≠v KpWn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-
tbm-Py-amb am¿Kw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-
bp-∂p.
$ KpW-\-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX am¿K-߃
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.
$ hen-bk - w-Jy-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ {]mtbm-
Kn-I-{]-iv\-߃, NXp-jv{In-b-I-fpsS
klm-b-tØmsS ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂p.

18
 KT-131 / 4-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1
KWnXw

2
hc-Iƒ tNcp-tºmƒ

19
 KWnXw

t^mt´m-bnse IuXpIw
amfp th\-e-h-[nbn¬ hnt\m-Z-bm{Xbv°v t]mb-
t∏mƒ FSpØ t^mt´m-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p.
Ch-bn¬ Nne t^mt´m-Iƒ Ipd®p t\cw t\m°n-
Ncn™ tKm]pcw
C‰- e n- b nse ]nkm \K- c - Ø n- e p≈
bn´v A∏p ]d-™p: ""Cu Nn{X-ßfnse√mw Nne
tKm]pcw BWv Nn{X-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. ]nk- {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ D≠v''.
bnse Ncn™ tKm]pcw (Leaning Tower A∏p t\m°nb t^mt´m-I-fmWv NphsS sImSp-Øn-
of Pisa) F∂ t]cn¬ CXv {]kn-≤-am- ´p-≈-Xv.
Wv.

tKm]pcw A¬∏m¬∏w Ncn™p

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ]n∂oSv Is≠-
Øn. tKm]-pcsØ icn°pw \nh¿Øn
IpØs\ B°m- a m- b n- c p- s ∂- ¶ nepw
hnt\mZk©m-cn-Isf BI¿jn-°p-∂Xv
tKm-]p-c-Øns‚ Ncn-hm-b-Xn-\m¬ AXv
Aßs\ \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p Xocp-
am-\w.

"AsX¥mWv?" F√m-hcpw t^mt´m-Iƒ amdnamdn

t\m°n.
Ah-km\w A∏p Xs∂ ]d-™p: ""Cu Nn{X-ß-fn-
se√mw Nne hkvXp-°ƒ IpØ-s\-bm-Wv, a‰p NneXv
A¬∏w Ncn-™-hbpw.''
t^mt´m-Iƒ \nßfpw I≠t√m.

20
 KWnXw

\mep hi-߃
\mep hißfp≈ Nne cq]-ß-fmWv (NXp¿`p-P-߃) _lp-`p-P-߃
NphsS hc-®n-´p-≈-Xv. hi- ß - f psS FÆa\p- k - c n®mWv
Pyman-Xobcq]-߃°p t]cn-´n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. \mep hi߃ D≈Xv NXp¿`pPw,
A©p hi-ß-fp-≈-Xns\ ]©-`p-Pw,
Bdp hißfp≈- X ns\ jUv ` pPw
1 2 3 F∂n-ß-s\.

NXp¿`pPw

4 5
6 ]©-`pPw

jUv`pPw
7
8
Cu Nn{X-ß-fn¬ XmgsØ hc-bn¬\n∂v IpØs\
ta¬t∏m´v hc® hc-Ifpw Ncn®phc® hc-Ifpw ImWmw. k]vX-`pPw
DZm-l-c-W-ambn, H∂m-asØ Nn{X-Øn¬ CS-tØ-hc
XmgsØ hc-bn¬\n∂p IpØs\ ta¬t∏m-´mWv hc-®Xv;
hetØ hc A¬]w Ncn-™pw. CXp-t]mse a‰p Nn{X-
ß-fn-ep-≈h Is≠Øn ]´nIbm°q. AjvS-`pPw

Nn{Xw IpØs\bp≈ hc Ncn™ncn°p∂ hc

kwkv I r- X - ` m- j - b n¬ \mev , A©v ,
1 CS-tØ- hc he-tØ- hc
Bdv, Ggv, F´v F∂o kwJy-Isf
2 kqNn-∏n-°p∂ i_vZß-fmWv NXp¿,
3 ]©, jUv, k]vX, AjvS F∂n-h.
`pPw F∂m¬ ssI, imJ Fs∂-√m-
4
amWv A¿Yw.
5 CS-tØ- hc, he-tØ- hc
6
7
8

21
 KWnXw

a´kq{Xw
cmta-´≥ Hcp ac-∏e- I
- b
- n¬\n∂v NXp-
cm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ ac°jWw apdn-s®-
Sp-°m≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp hiw
at‰ hi-Øn\v IpØs\bm°p-∂-
Xn\v cmta-´≥ D]-tbm-Kn® D]-Ic- Ww
I≠p-h-t√m.
CXns\ a´w F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂Xv.
\ΩpsS Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnepw c≠p a´-
߃ (Set Squares) D≠v.

ChbpsS D]-tbmKw Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

a´w h®v t\m°mw
NphsS hc® NXp¿`pPw t\m°q.

ChnsS CS-Xv, heXv hc-Iƒ Xmsg-bp≈ hcbv°p IpØs\

ta¬t∏m-´mtWm?
A¬∏w kwibw D≠v, At√?

22
 KWnXw
Hcp a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v \ap°v ]cn-tim-[n®pt\m°mw.

Pntbm-Pn{_
kvIqƒ Xew apX¬
KWnX]T-\-Øn\v Gsd
klm-b-Ia-- mb Hcp
tkm^v‰vshb-dmWv
Pntbm-Pn-{_.
hnhn[ Hm∏-td-‰nMv knÃ-ß-fn¬
{]h¿Øn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Cu
tkm^v‰vshb¿ e`y-am-Wv.
hetØ hc A¬∏w Ncn-™n-´p-≠v. ·p/en\-Ivkn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂
"Geogebra 4" BWv \mw
hc®pt\m°mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Bkv{Xn-b-bn-ep≈
Hcp hc hc®v AXn¬ Hcp IpØv (_nμp) C´- km¬kv_¿Kv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse
Xns‚ Nn{X-amWv NphsS sImSp-Øn-´p≈Xv. A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂
a¿Ikv tlmh≥ hm¿S¿ 2001˛¬
cq]-s∏-SpØnbXpw Ct∏mgpw sa®-s∏-Sp-
Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb
Cu hcbv°p IpØ-s\bmbn as‰mcp hc hc- Hcp KWnX]T\ tkm^v‰v
bv°Ww. AXv Cu IpØn-eq-sS-bm-Ip-Ibpw thWw. shb-dmWv Pntbm-Pn-{_.
CXv ]q¿W-ambpw kzX{¥
CXn-\pw Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnse a´w D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. tkm^v‰vshb¿ KW-Øn¬
s]Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssa°¬ t_m¿®mUv
(Michael Borcherds) F∂
kvIqƒ A[ym-]-I-\mWv
Cu tkm^v‰vshb¿
hnI-kn-∏n--°p-∂-Xn¬
{][m\ ]¶p hln-°p∂
Hcp hy‡n.

Ct∏mƒ hc® hc BZysØ hc-bn¬\n∂pw IpØs\ ta¬t∏m-´m-W.v

a´-Øns‚ aq∂v aqe-Ifn¬ Hcp aqe D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wt√m ChnsS IpØ-s\-bp≈ hc- h-c®
- X
- .v
a´-Øns‚ a‰p aqe-I-fn¬ \n∂v Cu aqebv°v Hcp {]tXy-IX D≠v. ChnsS a´-Øns‚ Hcp
hi-Øn\v (h°v) IpØ-s\-bmWv sXm´-SpØ hiw. Cu hi-߃ tN¿∂p-≠m-Ip∂ aqesb
"a´aqe' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

23
 KWnXw

C\n CXp-t]m-semcp Nn{Xw t\m´p]pkvXIØn¬ hc®pt\m°q.

Hcp hc hc-bv°p-I. hcbv°v IpØ-s\-bmbn c≠p hc-Iƒ hc-bv°p-I.
Hcp hcbv°v IpØs\ F{X hcIƒ hc-bv°mw?
Hcp hc-bpsS A‰-Øp≈ _nμp-hn-eqsS hcbv°v IpØs\bp≈ hc Fßs\ hc-bv°pw?

BZyw \ap°v hc-bpsS CStØ A‰-Øp≈ _nμp-hn-

eqsS IpØ-s\-bp≈ hc Fßs\ hcbv°pw F∂p
t\m°mw.

C\n hetØ A‰-Øp≈ _nμp-hn¬\n∂v

IpØ- s \- b p≈ hc Fßs\ hcbv ° mw
F∂p t\m°mw.

BZyhc A¬∏w \o´n hc-®-Xns‚ Bhiyw a\- n-em-b-t√m.

Polygon Tool Ct∏mƒ hc® hc as‰mcp

Application  Education  Geogebra F∂ coXn-bnepw hc-bv°mw.
{Ia-Øn¬ Pntbm-Pn{_ tkm^v‰vshb¿
Xpd-°p-I. Tools  polygon tools  polygon
F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ FSp-°p-I.
{]X-e-Øn¬ \mep _nμp-°-fn¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXv HSp-hn¬ BZy _nμp-hn¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXm¬ NXp¿`pPw In´pw. Cu coXn-bn¬
hyXykvX NXp¿`p-P-߃ \n¿an-°p-I.
Tool bar ¬\n∂v Move tool FSp- ° p- I .
NXp¿`p-P-ß-fpsS aqe-bn¬ ¢n°v sNbvXv
CS-Xv, heXv hc-Iƒ XmgsØ hcbv°v
IpØ-s\-bm-°p-I.

24
 KWnXw

hc®pt\m°mw
$ 6 sk‚nao-‰¿ \of-ap≈ Hcp hc hc-bv°p-I. Cu hc-bpsS CStØ
A‰sØ _nμp-hn¬\n∂v 3 sk‚nao-‰¿ Dbc-Øn¬ IpØ-s\- Hcp
hc hc-bv°p-I. hetØ A‰sØ _nμp-hn¬ \n∂pw 4 sk‚nao-‰¿
Dbc-Øn¬ IpØ-s\ Hcp hc hc-bv°pI. Ct∏mƒ hc® hc-I-fpsS
c≠-‰ßfpw tbmPn-∏n®v hc-bv°p-I.
$ 7 sk‚nao-‰¿ \of-ap≈ Hcp hc hc®v c≠-‰-ß-fnepw hcbv°v
IpØs\ 4 sk‚nao-‰¿ Dbc-ap≈ hcIƒ hc-bv°p-I. Ct∏mƒ hc®
hcIfpsS c≠-‰-ßfpw tbmPn-∏n®v hc-bv°p-I. Cu hc-bpsS \ofw
Af-s∂-gp-XpI. Ct∏mƒ hc® Nn{Xw t\m°q. Cu NXp-c-Øns‚
\ofhpw hoXnbpw F{X-bmWv?

NXp-cm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ Nne hkvXp-°-fpsS Nn{X-߃ BWv NphsS sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv.

CØcw hkvXp-°-fpsS hi-߃ Af∂pt\m°q.

NXp-c-ß-fpsS FXn¿h-i-ßfpsS \ofw Xpey-at√?
aqe-I-sf Ipdn®v F¥p ]d-bmw?
NXp-c-Øns‚ aqe-Iƒ a´amWv F∂p ]d-bmw.

25
 KWnXw

NXpcw hcbv°mw
$ ASp-Ø-SpØ hi-ß-fpsS \ofw 6 sk‚nao-‰¿, 5 sk‚nao-‰¿ Bb NXpcw hc-bv°pI.

$ hi-߃ F√mw 5 sk‚nao-‰¿ Bb NXpcw hc-bv°pI.

3 sk.ao.
$ a´hpw kvsIbnepw D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® Hcp
Nn{Xw sImSp--Øn-cn-°p-∂p. 2 sk.ao.

2 sk.ao.

2 sk.ao.
CtX Af-hn¬ Cu Nn{Xw hc-bv°pI.

3 sk.ao. 3 sk.ao.

NXpcw Ncn-™m¬
a´-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v AΩp Iptd NXp-c-߃ hc®p. At∏m-sgmcp IrkrXn tXm∂n. a´-
Ønse as‰mcp aqe D]-tbm-Kn®v hc-®mtem? Cßs\ AΩp hc® Nn{Xw t\m°p.

Cu Nn{Xw I≠ dlow a´-Øns‚ aq∂m-asØ aqe am{Xw

D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® Nn{Xw t\m°q.

Cu c≠p Nn{X-ßf- nepw CS-X,v heXv hisØ hc-Iƒ Ncn-™n-´m-W.v c≠nepw Ncnhv Htc-
t]m-se-bmtWm?

26
 KWnXw

]pXnb cq]-߃
$ Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnse a´-ßfpsS ]e
aqe-Iƒ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn®v hc®
Hcp Nn{XamWv sImSp-Øn-´p-≈Xv.
Cu Nn{Xw t\m´v]pkvXIØn¬
hc-bv°p-I.
3s

ao.

$ dlow t\m´v]pkvXIØn¬ Hcp IpØn-´-

k.

k.

Xn\p tijw, B IpØn\v Np‰pw a´-Ønse

ao.
3s

Hcp- aqe am{Xw am‰n h®v Cß-s\-sbmcp

3 sk.ao. 3 sk.ao.
Nn{Xw hc-®p.
3s
ao.

CXn\v F{X hi- ß - f p≠v? Cu Nn{Xw

k.

k.
3s

\n߃°pw hc-bv°m-at√m. {ian®pt\m°q.

ao.

$ a´- Ø nse a‰p aqe- I ƒ CXp- t ]mse Hcp IpØn\v Np‰pw XpS¿®- b mbn h®v
hc®pt\m°q. Hmtcm Nn{X-Ønepw F{X hi-ß-fp-s≠∂v t\m°q.
IpØ-s\bpw Ncn™pw
Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnse a´-ß-fpsS ]e]e aqe-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® cq]-ß-fmWv NphsS
D≈Xv.
KT-131 / 5-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

Ch-bpsS hi-ßsf√mw Af-s∂-gp-Xp-I. FXn¿h-i-߃ XΩn-se-¥mWv _‘w?

27
 KWnXw

NXp-c-߃ Iºyq-´-dn¬
X∂n-cn-°p∂ Af-hp-I-fp≈ NXp-c-߃
Pntbm-Pn{_ D]-tbm-Kn®v Fßs\ hc- F√m Nn{X- ß fpw Htct]mse- b mtWm?
bv°m-sa∂v t\m°mw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Fs¥ms°bmWv hyXym-k-߃? NXp-c-Øn¬
\ofw 3, hoXn 2 hcp∂ Hcp NXpcw hc-
CSØpw heØpap≈ hc-Iƒ XmgsØ hc-
bv°-W-sa-∂n-cn-°s´.
bn¬ \n∂p IpØs\ ta¬t∏m-´m-Wv.
a‰p Nn{X-ß-fn¬ Cu hc-Iƒ A¬∏w Ncn-™n-
´mWv. F∂m¬ F√m Nn{X-ß-fnepw Cu Ncnhv
D C
Hcpt]mse-bmtWm?
F√m Nn{X-ßfnepw \mep aqe-Iƒ D≠v. c≠p
A B hi-߃ tNcp-tºm-gm-Wt√m Hcp aqe- D≠m-hp-
∂-Xv.
New point D]-tbm-Kn®v Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWp- c≠p hc-Iƒ Hcp _nμp-hn¬ IqSn-t®-cp-
∂-Xp-t]mse A, B, C, D F∂n-ßs\ \mev
_nμp-°ƒ AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØp-I. Polygon tºmƒ Hcp tIm¨ (Angle) D≠m-hp-∂p
Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v A, B, C, D F∂o _nμp- F∂mWv IW-°ns‚ `mj.
°ƒ {Ia-ambn ¢n°v-sN-øp-I. D bn¬
FØnb tijw ho≠pw A bn¬ ¢n°p At∏mƒ t\ctØ hc® Nn{X-ßfn¬ hyXykvX
sNø-Ww. Ct∏mƒ Hcp NXpcw e`n°pw.
Distance Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v NXp-c-Øns‚
tImWp-I-fmWv D≈Xv F∂p ]d-bmw.
hi-ß-fn¬ ¢n°v sNbvXv hi-ß-fpsS Cw•ojv A£cßfnse tImWp-Iƒ t\m°q.
\ofw {]Z¿in-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Move
Sqƒ D]- t bm- K n®v hi- ß - f n¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXp-sIm≠v hen-®m¬ hi-ß-fpsS
\ofw hyXym-k-s∏-SpØmw. VEFWXZY
hm°pw s]mcpfpw IpØs\bp≈ hcIƒ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-s®-gp-
Cw•o-jn¬ tImWns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Angle F∂ Xm-hp∂ F{X A£-c-ß-fp≠v?
hm°v, {Ko°v`- m-jb
- nse B¶n-temkv F∂ ]Z- a‰p- ≈ h Is≠- Ø p- I . Hmtcm- ∂ nepw F{X
Øn¬\n-∂m-Wv h∂Xv. hf-™Xv, t\sc-b-√m-
ØXv Fs∂-√m-amWv CXns‚ A¿Yw. tImWp-Iƒ ho-X-ap≠v?
Cw•o-jn¬Øs∂, \nß-fpsS ¢mkv apdn-bn-epw ho´nepw ]cn-kc- Øpw
Imepw ]mZhpw tNcp∂ ]e XcØnep≈ tImWp-Iƒ ImWm-at- √m. Ah
`mK-Øn\v Ankle
F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂X - .v Is≠Øn t\m´v]pkvXI - Ø
- n¬ hc-b° v p-I.

28
 KWnXw

hnS-cp∂ tImWp-Iƒ 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2
hyXykvX kab߃ ImWn-°p∂
c≠p t¢m°pI-fpsS Nn{Xw t\m°q. 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5

t¢m°nse kqNn-Iƒ XΩn¬ Hcp tIm¨ D≠m-°p- hncn-bp∂ tIm¨

∂p≠-t√m. tImWns‚ hncnhv am‰m≥
Ign- b p∂ coXn- b n¬ Hcp
c≠v t¢m°n-sebpw kqNn-Iƒ°nS-bnse hncnhv Htc- Nn{Xw Pntbm-Pn-{_-bn¬ hc-bv°mw.
t]m-se-bm-tWm? CXn-\mbn Circle with centre through
c≠m-asØ t¢m°n¬ kqNn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ hncnhv point Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp hrØw
hc-bv°p-I. hrØ-Øns‚ tI{μw A
A¬∏w IqSnbn-´p-≠v. AXm-bXv tIm¨ A¬∏w hep-
F∂ _nμphpw hrØw IS-∂p-t]m-
Xmbn F∂p ]d-bmw. Ct∏mƒ kabw 10.10 BWt√m. Ip∂ _nμp B bpam-Wv. hrØ-Øn¬
kabw 10.15 BIp-tºmtgm? a‰p c≠p _nμp-°ƒ C, D F∂nh
AS- b m- f - s ∏- S p- Ø p- I . Segment be-
a´-߃ tNcp-tºmƒ tween two points Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v
A, B F∂o _nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-∏n-°p-
a´Øns‚ Hcp aqe D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® Hcp tIm¨ I. CXp- t ]mse A, D F∂nhbpw
t\m°q. tbmPn-∏n-°-Ww. C\n hrØw, _nμp
A, _nμp B Ch ad-bv°mw. hrØw
ad- b v ° p- ∂ - X n- \ mbn Pointer hrØ-
Øn¬ sIm≠ph∂v right click
sNbvX tijw Show / Hide F∂-
a´-Øns‚ CtX aqe tImWns‚ Hcp Acp-In-t\mSv Xn\p t\sc-bp≈ am¿°v If-bp-I.
CXp-t]mse A, B F∂o _nμp-°fpw
(hi-tØm-Sv) tN¿Øph®v as‰mcp tIm¨ hc-bv°mw.
adbv°mw. XpS¿∂v D bn¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXv Move tool D]tbm-Kn®v Nen-
∏n®v hncn-bp∂ tIm¨ \n¿an-°mw.

Ct∏mƒ Nn{X-Øn¬ F{X tImWp-I-fp≠v? ct≠m aqt∂m?

29
 KWnXw

P
C

Cu aq∂p tImWp-I-sfbpw th¿Xn-cn®p ]d-bm≥ \ap°v

tImWp-Iƒ°v t]cnSmw.

A B
BZyw hc® tImWns\ tIm¨ CAB Ft∂m tIm¨ BAC Ft∂m ]d-bmw. c≠m-aXv hc®
- X-¶n¬  F∂ Nn”-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
tImWmWv PAC. tImWn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv ]d-bp-∂s
∂-X.v At∏mƒ BZyw hc-®Xv CAB, hmbn-°p-∂Xv tIm¨ CAB, c≠m-aXv hc-®Xv PAC.
aq∂m-asØ tImWns‚ t]sc-¥mWv?
Cu aq∂p tImWp-I-fn¬ G‰hpw henb tIm¨ GXmWv? G‰hpw sNdnb tImtWm?

a´-Øns‚ c≠p hyXykvX aqe-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v

hc® tImWp-I-fmWv Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.

H∂m-asØ tImWns\ Nn{X-Øn-teXp t]mse c≠m-asØ

tImWn-\p≈n¬ hbv°mw.
Ct∏mƒ Hcp Imcyw ]dbmw ˛ H∂m-asØ tIm¨ c≠m-asØ
tImWn-t\-°mƒ sNdp-Xm-Wv.

a´-Øns‚ aqe-Iƒ D]tbmKn®v hc® tImWp-I-fmWv NphsS ImWp-∂-Xv.

A D

B C E F

O
G

I
M N
H
30
KWnXw

Ch-bn¬ G‰hpw sNdnb tIm¨ GXmWv? a´-`w-Kn-

G‰hpw henb tImtWm? Htc-t]m-se-
bp≈ c≠p a´-
tImWp-I-sf Ah-bpsS hep-∏-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v {Iao- ߃ tN¿Øp-
I-cn-s®-gp-Xp-I. h® Hcp cq]-
amWv ChnsS
ImWp-∂-Xv.
Cu NXp- c -
Øns‚ hi-ß-
fpsS khn- t i-
jX F¥mWv?
$ Nn{X-Øn¬ F{X tImWp-I-fp≠v?
a´-߃ tN¿∂
as‰mcp cq]w
CXm...
Cu {XntIm-W-Øns‚ hi-ß-fpsS
khn-ti-jX F¥mWv?
CXp-t]mse a´-߃ tN¿Øv a‰p
cq]-߃ D≠m°nt\m°q.

$ Hcp hoSns‚ Xd-bpsS Nn{X-amWv (πm≥) hc- 4 ao. 6 ao.

®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 2 ao.
3 ao.
2 ao‰¿ \of-Øn\v 1 sk‚n-ao-‰¿ F∂ IW-°- 3 ao.
\pkcn-®mWv CXp hc-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 3 ao.

1 ao‰¿ \of-Øn\v 1 sk‚nao-‰¿ F∂ IW-°n¬

CtX Nn{Xw t\m´p-]pkvXIØn¬ hc-bv°q.
5 ao.
4 ao.
4 ao.

2 ao.

31
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ a´ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v NXp-c-ßfpw
ka-NX
- p-cß
- fpw hc-bv°m\pw Ah-
bpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-
°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.
$ Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ hkvXp-°sf \nco-
£n®v tImWp-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥
Ign-bp-∂p.
$ A\p-tbm-Py-amb D]-I-c-W-߃
D]-tbm-Kn®v IrXy-ambn tIm¨
hc-bv°p∂p. Cu tijn {]iv\]cn-
l-c-W-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
$ cq]-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw tbmPn®
t]cp ]d-bm\pw {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.
$ sF.Sn.-bpsS klm-bØ- m¬ (Pntbm-
Pn{_) tIm¨, NXpcw XpS-ßnb
Bi-bß - ƒ hni-Zo-Ic
- n-°p-∂p.

32
KWnXw

3
`mKw hbv°¬

33
 KWnXw

hoXw hbv°mw
Hcp bp.]n. kvIqfnse kzmX-{¥yZn-\m-tLm-j-Øns‚ `mK-ambn 5F ¢mknse Ip´n-Isf
Bdv sNdp kwL-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw Hmtcm tPmen-bmWv
\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A[ym-]nI Iptd anTmbn ao\p-hns\
lc-W-kq{Xw G¬∏n®v kwL-߃°v Xpey-ambn hoXn®p \¬Im≥ ]d-
\memw ¢mknse AΩnWn ™p. ao\p FÆn-t\m-°n ˛ 48 anTmbn.
So®¿ Ip´n- I ƒ°v hnX- c Ww
48 anTmbn 6 kwL-߃°v Xpey-ambn Fßs-\b
- mWv hoXn-
sNøm≥ 65 anTm- b n- hmßn.
°p-I?
¢mknse Ip´n-Isf 5 kwL-ß-
fm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. So®¿ 10 anTm-bn- BZyw Hmtcm∂p hoXw Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw am‰n-h-®p. Cu
bpsS 6 ]m°‰pw ]m°- ‰ n- e - coXn-bn¬ _m°n-bp-≈Xv hoXw h®v t\m°q.
√msX 5 FÆ-hp-am-Wv \¬In-
bXv . Fß- s \- b mWv hoXw
hbv°p-I?
BZyw Hmtcm ]m°‰pw Hmtcm
kwL- Ø n\pw \¬Ipw. C\n
F¥p sNøpw?
_m°n-bp≈ Hcp ]m°‰v Agn®v
AXnse 10 FÆhpw BZy-
ap≈ 5 FÆhpw tN¿Øv 15
anTm-bn-bm-°pw.
Cu 15 anTm-bn- 5 kwL-߃°p
hoXn-®m¬ Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw
3 anTm-bn- hoXw In´pw. At∏mƒ
apgp-h≥ anTm-bn-bpw hoXn®p Ign-™t√m?
Hcp kwL-Øn\v In´p-∂Xv 1 Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw F{X anTmbn In´n?
]m°‰pw 3 FÆ-hpw.
Cßs\ Hmtcm-∂mbn t\m°msX Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw
= 1 ]m°‰v + 3 FÆw
= 10 + 3 = 13 FÆw
sImSp-t°-≠Xv Fßs\ I≠p-]n-Sn°mw?
BsI anTm-bn-bpsS FÆw F{X-bmWv?
At∏mƒ Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw sImSp-t°≠ anTm-bn-bpsS FÆw 6 XhW Iq´n-bm¬ 48
In´-Wat√m.
AXm-bXv, Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw sImSp-t°≠ anTm-bn-bpsS FÆsØ 6 sIm≠v KpWn-
®m¬ 48 In´Ww.
6 sIm≠v GXv kwJysb KpWn-®m-emWv 48 In´pI?
CXv as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ ]d-bm-a-t√m. 48 s\ 6 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ 8 In´pw.
AXm-bXv 48 6 = 8

34
 KWnXw

CXp-t]mse 5 _n ¢mkn¬ 56 anTm-bn- hnX-cWw sNbvX-t∏mƒ Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw

8 anTmbn- In´n. Cu ¢mkn¬ F{X kwL-ß-fmWv D≈Xv?
kwL-ß-fpsS FÆw IW-°m-°m≥ F¥mWv sNtø-≠Xv?
56 anTm-bn- 8 anTm-bn- hoX-ap≈ Iq´-ß-fm°n t\m°mw.

F{X Iq´-ß-fp-≠v?
At∏mƒ 5 _n ¢mkn¬ F{X kwLß-fmWv D≈Xv?
Cßs\ Iq´-ßf
- m°n t\m°msX Iq´-ßf
- psS FÆw IW-°m-°m≥ as‰s¥-¶nepw am¿Kw
Dt≠m?
56 anTm-bnbmWv 8 FÆw hoX-ap≈ Iq´-ß-fm°n am‰n-b-Xv. AXn\m¬ Iq´-ß-fpsS FÆw
8 XhW Iq´n-bm¬ 56 In´pw. As√-¶n¬ Iq´-ß-fpsS FÆsØ 8 sIm≠v KpWn-®m¬ 56
In´pw.
8 s\ F{X sIm≠v KpWn-®m-emWv 56 In´pI?

At∏mƒ 56 s\ 8 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ F{X In´pw?

AXm-bXv 56 8 = 7
At∏mƒ 5 _n ¢mkn¬ F{X kwL-߃ Ds≠∂v a\- n-em-bt√m.
$ CXp-t]mse, ]e ¢mkp-If- nepw kwL-ßf - m-°n-bX
- n-s‚bpw anTmbn sImSp-ØX
- ns‚bpw
Nne Imcy-߃ Nph-sS-bp≈ ]´n-I-bn-ep-≠v. CXn¬ Fgp-XmØ Imcy-߃ IW-°m°n
]´nI ]q¿Ønbm°q.
BsI ¢mknse Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw
¢mkv
anTm-bn-bpsS FÆw kwL-ß-fpsS FÆw In´nb anTm-bn-bpsS- FÆw

5C 70 5 -
KT-131 / 6-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

6A 96 - 8
6B 84 6 -
6C - 7 12

35
 KWnXw

kwJym-am-PnIv $ Htc Xc-Øn-ep≈ 7 t]\-bpsS hne 98 cq].

Hcp c≠- ° - k wJyHcp t]\-bpsS hne F{XbmWv?
hnNm-cn-°pI. AXn¬-
$ Aa¬ IS-bn¬ \n∂v 6 t\m´p-]p-kvX-I-߃
\n∂p kwJy- b psS
A°- ß fpsS XpI hmßn®p. F√m-‰n\pw Htc hne-bm-Wv. 100 cq]
Ipd-bv°pI. Ct∏mƒ sImSp-Øt- ∏mƒ IS-°m-c≥ 4 cq] Xncn®p sImSp-
In´nb DØ- c sØ Øp. Hcp t\m´p- ] p- k vX- I - Ø ns‚ hne-
hnNm- c n® kwJy- sb{XbmWv?
bpsS ]Øns‚
$ thmfn-t_mƒ ]cn-io-e\ - Ø - n¬ 96 Ip´n-Iƒ ]s¶-
ÿm\sØ A°w
sIm≠v lcn-°pI. Ct∏mƒ In´nb Sp-Øp. Ip´n-Isf 8 t]¿ hoX-ap≈ Iq´ß-fm-
DØcw 9 At√? thsd c≠°kwJy °n. BsI F{X Iq´ßƒ D≠mhpw?
FSpØv Ifn®pt\m°q. $ Hcp ssaXm-\Ø- n¬ Iptd Hmt´mdn£-Ifpw Imdp-
C\n Hcp aq∂°kwJy hnNm-cn-°pI. Ifpw \n¿- Ø n- b n- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. F√m hml- \ -
AXn¬\n∂p kwJy-bpsS A°ß- ߃°pw IqSn 100 N{I-߃ Ds≠∂v \μp ]d-
fpsS -XpI Ipd-bv°q. Ct∏mƒ In´nb ™p. Hmt´m-dn-£I - ƒ 12 FÆw Ds≠∂v dnbmkv
DØ-csØ 9 sIm≠v lcn-°pI. lc-
]d-™p. Imdp-Iƒ F{X-sb-Æ-ap≠v?
W-^-e-Øn¬\n∂p hnNm-cn® kwJy-
bpsS ]Øns‚ ÿm\sØ A°w $ Hcp kvIqfn¬ B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°p≈ bqWnt^mw
Ipd- b v ° pI. Ct∏mƒ In´nb DØ- hnX-c-W-Øn-\mbn 76 ao‰¿ hoX-ap≈ 8 Np‰v
csØ hnNm-cn® kwJy-bpsS \qdns‚ XpWn sIm≠ph∂n-´p-≠v. Hcp Ip´n°v 4 ao‰¿
ÿm\sØ A°w sIm≠v lcn-°pI. XpWn-bmWv \¬tI-≠X - v. Hcp Np‰v XpWnsIm≠v
Ct∏mƒ In´nb lc-W-^ew 11 At√?
F{X t]¿°v bqWnt^mw sImSp°mw? 8 Np‰v
thsdbpw aq∂°kwJy FSpØv Ifn-®p- XpWnsIm≠v F{X t]¿°v sImSp°mw?
t\m-°q.
a\°-W-°mbpw sNømw
108 s\√n° 4 t]¿°v hoXn-°-Ww. BZyw 100
s\√n° hoXn-®mtem?
Hcmƒ°v F{X In´pw?
GXp kwJysb 4 sIm≠v KpWn-®m-emWv 100 In´pI?
At∏mƒ 100 FÆw hoXn-°p-tºmƒ Hcmƒ°v 25
FÆw In´pw.
C\n 8 FÆw IqSn-bp-≠v. AXpw hoXn-®mtem?
Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw 2 IqSn.
BsI 25 + 2 = 27
CXv as‰mcp Xc-Øn¬∏-d-bmw.

36
 KWnXw

108 s\ 4 sIm≠v lcn-°m≥, 100 s\bpw 8 s\bpw Ie-≠¿ IW°v

4 sIm≠v lcn®v Iq´n-bm¬ aXn.
Hcp amksØ Ie-≠-dn¬
CXp-t]mse NphsS X∂n-cn-°p∂h a\-°-W-°mbn \mep -kw-Jy-Iƒ D≈ Hcp ka-
sNbvXpt\m°q. N-Xpcw AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

$ 168 cq] 8 t]¿°v hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v F{X 5 6

cq] In´pw?
$ 175 t]\-Iƒ 7 ]m°-‰p-I-fn-em-°n-bm¬ Hcp 12 13
]m°-‰n¬ F{X t]\ D≠mhpw?
$ 189 t\m´v]pkvXI߃ 9 FÆw hoXw F{X Cu kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb 4 sIm≠v
lcn®v t\m°q. CØcw
t]¿°v hoXn®p sImSp°mw?
ka-N-Xp-c-߃ thsd-sb-SpØv
$ 72 sk‚nao-‰¿ \of-ap≈ Hcp NcSv aS°n ka- CXpt]mse sNbvXpt\m°q.
N- X pcw D≠m- ° n- . Hcp hi- Ø ns‚ \ofw In´nb kwJybv°v
BZy If-Ønse
F{XbmWv?
kwJy-bp-ambn F¥p
_‘-am-Wp-≈-Xv?
]pkvX-I-hn-X-cWw
A©v ¢mkp-I-fn-te°p hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-
th≠n 735 t\m´v]p-kvX-I-߃ kvIqfn¬ FØn-
bn-´p-≠v. Ch A©v ¢mkp-I-fnepw Xpey-ambn
hoXn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. Hmtcm ¢mkn-\pw F{X t\m´v]p-kvX-I߃ In´pw?
735 t\m´v]pkvXI
- ß
- ƒ ]e sI´p-If
- m-bmWv In´n-bX
- .v 100 FÆ-ap≈ 7 sI´v, 10 FÆ-ap≈
3 sI´v. ]ns∂ sI´nsem-∂p-a-√mØ 5 FÆhpw.
BZyw 100 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ `mKn-°mw.
Hmtcm ¢mknepw 100 s‚ F{X sI´p-Iƒ
sImSp°mw?

100 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ C\n-sb-{X-bp≠v?

CsX-ßs\ 5 ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v `mKn°pw?
sI´-gn-°-Ww. 100 s‚ Hmtcm sI´nepw 10 t\m´v-]p-kvX-I-߃ hoX-ap≈ 10 sI´p-I-fmWv
D≈-Xv.

100 s‚ 2 sI´p-Iƒ Agn-®m¬ 10 ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS F{X sI´p-Iƒ D≠m-Ipw?

37
 KWnXw

ho≠pw Hcp Ie-≠¿ IW°v

Hcp amksØ Ie-≠-dn¬ 9 kwJy-I-
fp≈ Hcp ka-N-Xpcw hc-bv°q. 10 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ t\c-tØ-Xs∂ F{X-bp-≠m-
bncp∂p?
3 4 5
Ct∏mƒ 10 s‚ sI´pIƒ BsI F{X-bmWv?

10 11 12 10 s‚ Cu 23 sI´p-Iƒ 5 ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v `mKn-

®m¬, Hmtcm ¢mknepw F{X sI´p- h oXw
17 18 19 sImSp°mw?

CXnse kwJy-If - psS XpIsb 9 sIm≠v 10 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ F{X an®-ap≠v?

lcn®v t\m°q. CØcw thsd ka-N-Xp-
c- ß ƒ hc®v CXp- t ]mse sNbv X p 10 s‚ Cu 3 sI´p-Iƒ Agn-®v t\ctØ-bp≈ 5
t\m°q. lcn®v In´p∂ kwJy°v \Sp- ]pkvX-I-ßfpsS IqsS tN¿Øm¬ BsI F{X
°p≈ If- Ø nse kwJy- b p- a mbn ]pkvX-I-ß-fm-Ipw?
F¥mWp _‘w? BZy- I - f - Ø nse
kwJy-bp-ambn F¥mWp _‘w? Cu 35 ]pkvX-I-ßsf 5 ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v `mKn-
®m¬ Hmtcm ¢mknepw F{X ]pkvXI
- ß
- ƒ In´pw?

Hmtcm ¢mknepw In´nb t\m´v-]p-kvX-IßfpsS IW°v Cß-s\-sb-gp-Xmw:

100 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ = .................

10 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ = .................

sI´p-I-fn¬ s]Sm-Øh = .................

BsI ]pkvX-I-߃
= (1  100) + (4  10) + 7

= 100 + 40 + 7

= 147

38
 KWnXw

Cu {Inb-Iƒ Npcp°nsbgp-Xmw.
1 4 7

\qdv ]Øv H∂v

am{¥nINXpcw
5 7 3 5

15=5 5
8 1 6
2 2  100 3 5
= 20
 10
20 3 5 7

23 5
4 9 2
4 5 = 20 20
3 hcnbpw 3 \nc-bp-ap≈
3 31 5 am{¥nINXp-c-am-Wt√m CXv.
0
Cu am{¥nINXp-c-Ønse
30 kwJy-I-fpsS XpI- F-{X-
bmWv? e`n® XpIsb 9
35
sIm≠v lcn-°q. Ct∏mƒ
7  5 = 35 35 In´nb kwJy GXv?
aq∂p hcnbpw aq∂p \nc-bp-
ap≈ F√m am{¥nINXp-c-
CXv A¬∏w-IqSn Npcp-°n-sb-gp-Xmw: Øn\pw CXv icn-bmtWm?
1 14 ]cn-tim-[n®pt\m°q.
1
5 735 5 735 735
15 5 15=5 5 15=5 5
2 23 23
4  5 = 20 20
14 14 147
735 5 735 5 735
15=5 5 15=5 5 15=5 5
23 23 23
4  5 = 20 20 4  5 = 20 20 4  5 = 20 20
3 35 35
7  5 = 35 35
AXm-bXv, 735 5 = 147

39
 KWnXw

$ cmPp, dlow, s_∂n F∂n-h¿ Hcp-an®v sNbvX

Hcp tPmen°v Iqen-bmbn BsI 960 cq] In´n.
lcn-°m-s\mcp kq{Xw Xpey-ambn hoXn-°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw
300 s\ 15 sIm≠v F{X cq] hoXw In´pw?
lcn-°p-∂-Xn-\p -]-Icw GsXms°
kwJy-IƒsIm≠v lcn-°Ww $ ka-N-Xp-cm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ Hcp tXm´-Øns‚ Np‰-
F∂p Is≠-Ømtam? fhv 884 ao‰-dm-Wv. tXm´-Øns‚ Hcp hi-Øns‚
15 = 3  5 \ofw F{X-bmWv?
AXp-sIm≠v BZyw 300  3 $ \mept]¿ tN¿∂p \S-Ønb Hcp bm{X-bn¬ 856
Is≠Øn Cu lc-W-^-esØ 5 cq] sNe-hm-bn. F¶n¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw F{X
sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ aXn-bt√m.
cq] sNe-hmbn?
a\°-W-°mbn sNøq.
$ 450  18 $ Pbnwkv Xs‚ ho´n-te°v c≠p Xcw kn.F-^v.-
$ 168  24 F¬. _ƒ_p-Iƒ 5 FÆw hoXw hmßn-®p.
hne- I p- d ™ _ƒ_v H∂n\v 85 cq]- b m- W v
\¬InbXv. BsI hne 1000 cq]bmbn. hne
IqSnb _ƒ_pI-fn¬ H∂n\v F¥mWv hne?
$ Hcp bp.]n. kvIqfn-te°v Htc hne-bp≈ 6
t¢m°p-Iƒ hmßn-. BsI 924 cq]-bm-bn. C\n
CtX hne-bp≈ 7 t¢m°p-Iƒ IqSn hmßm≥
F{X cq] th≠n-hcpw?
$ kvIqƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ ]m¬hnX-c-W-Øn\v Hcp
Ip´n°v 150 an√n en‰¿ ]m¬ BWv th≠Xv.
20 Ip´n-Iƒ°v sImSp-°m≥ F{X en‰¿ ]m¬
thWw?
$ Hcp kvIqfn¬ Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v 54 en‰¿ ]m¬
thWw. kvIqfn¬ F{X Ip´n-Iƒ°mWv ]m¬
\¬Ip-∂-Xv?
sXm∏n°W°v
$ Hcp {In°‰v Soanse 11 t]¿°v sXm∏n- hmßn-
b-t∏mƒ BsI 693 cq] sNehm-bn. Hcp sXm∏n-
bpsS hne F{X-bmWv?
Hcp sXm∏n-bpsS hne IW-°m-°m≥ F¥v sNøWw?
693 cq]sb 11 Xpey-`m-K-ß-fmbn `mKn-°-Ww.

40
 KWnXw

AXm-b-Xv 693 s\ 11 sIm≠v lcn-°-Ww.

ChnsS 693 cq]sb 6 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-fmbpw 9 ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-I-fmbpw 3 Hcpcq]
\mW-bß-fmbpw FSp°mw.
6 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf 11 `mK-ß-fm°p∂-sX-ßs\? CXv Ign-bm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ahsb
]Øp cq]m- t\m-´p-I-fm°n am‰mw.
6 \qdpcq]m- t\m´v = ............. ]Øpcq]m- t\m´v.

Nm{In-I-l-cWw
-Nn{Xw t\m°q.
\qdv ]Øv H∂v
285
11 6
6×1
00 = 9 3 857 714
60 ×
10 142
60 3
1 2
69
714285

428571
Ct∏mƒ ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-fpsS BsI FÆw = 142857
..............

69 ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-Isf 11 `mK-ß-fm-°n-bm¬,

857
Hcp `mKw F{X-bm-Wv? 428 142
571
_m°nhcp∂ ]Øp-cq-]m- t\m´p-Iƒ
142857 s\ 1 sIm≠p KpWn-®m¬
Cu ]Øp-cq-]m- t\m-´p-Isf Hcp cq]m \mW-b-ß-
AXp-Xs∂ In´pw.
fm-°n-bm¬, Hcp cq]m \mW-b-ß-fpsS FÆw
2 sIm≠v KpWn-®mtem? 285714.
6 CXv BZysØ kwJy- b p- a mbn
HØp-t\m-°q. C\n Nn{X-Øn-se
\qdv ]Øv H∂v
]pdw-h-f-b-Ønse Hmtcm kwJy-
11 6 6 × 100 = 60 × 9 3 bpw In´m≥ 142857 s\ F¥p-
1
0 sIm≠p KpWn-°-W-sa∂v I≠p-
60
]nSn°p-I.
69 3
11 × 6 = 66 66
3×1
3 0 =3 3
0
30

41
 KWnXw

BsI Hcp cq]m \mW-b-ß-fpsS FÆw

6 3
\qdv ]Øv H∂v
11 6 9 3
60
]qPy-Øns‚ Ifn
69 3
Intem{Kmw, Izn‚¬, S¨ 11  6 = 66 66
F∂nh Xq°-Øns‚
3 3
GI-I-ß-fm-Wv.
30
100 Intem{Kmw = 1 Izn‚¬
33
1000 Intem{Kmw = 1 S¨
11  3 = 33 33
F{X Izn‚¬ BWv Hcp S¨?
AXm-b-Xv, 1000  100 = 10 33 cq]sb 11 `mK-ß-fm-°n-bm¬ Hcp `mKw
1 S¨ = 10 Izn‚¬
an√nKmw, {Kmw F∂nh At∏mƒ Hcp sXm∏n-bpsS hne
Xq°-Øns‚ a‰p = 6 ]Øp cq] + 3 Hcp cq]
c≠v GI-I-ß-fm-Wv. = 63 cq]
1 {Kmw = 1000 an√n{Kmw Cu {InbIsf H∂p-IqSn Npcp°n Fgp-Xmw:
At∏mƒ 5000 an√n{Kmw
F∂Xv F{X {Kmw BWv? 63
5000  1000 = 5 11 693
11  6 = 66 66
5000 an√n{Kmw = 5 {Kmw
CXp-t]mse NphsS 33
X∂n-cn-°p-∂h 11  3 = 33 33
sNbvXpt\m°q.
AXm-bXv 693 11 = 63
3000  1000
Hcp sXm∏n-bpsS hne = 63 cq]
5200  100
20300  100
kvtImf¿jn∏v hnX-cWw
15000  100
$ hnhn[ kvtImf¿jn-∏p-Iƒ°mbn kvIqfnse 15
Ip´n-Iƒ°v Xpey-ambn hnX-cWw sNøm≥ 16425
cq] kvIqƒ Hm^o-kn¬ FØn-bn-´p-≠v. Hmtcm-
cp-Ø¿°pw F{X cq]- ho-X-amWv hnX-cWw
sNtø-≠Xv?

42
 KWnXw

ChnsS 16425 cq]-bn¬ 16 Bbncwcq]m -t\m-´p-Ifpw 4 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Ifpw 2 ]Øpcq]m-

t\m-´p-Ifpw 5 Hcpcq]m- \mW-b-ß-fp-amWv D≈-sX∂v Icp-Xp-I.
BZyw 16 Bbncwcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ 15 t]¿°v Xpey-ambn hoXn-°mw.
Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw e`n-°p∂ Bbncwcq]m- t\m-´p-Iƒ
_m°n hcp∂ Bbncwcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ
1
{Kmapw ]h\pw
Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v tem´-dn-bn¬ H∂mw- k-Ωm\w
t\Sp-∂-h¿°v Hcp Intem{Kmw
15 16 4 2 5
kz¿Ww kΩm-\-ambn \¬-
15
Ip∂p F∂v ]c- k y- Ø n¬
1 4 2 5 I≠-t∏m-ƒ A\p-hn\v kwi-
bw ˛ kz¿W-Øns‚ Xq°w
_m°nh∂ Bbncwcq]m t\m´ns\ \qdpcq]m -t\m-´p-I-fm- Intem-{Km-an¬ ]dbm-dn-√-t√m.
AΩ-bpsS amebv°v 2 ]h≥
°n-bm¬,
Xq°w Ds≠∂v tN®n-tbmSv
Hcp Bbncwcq]m- t\m-´v = .......... \qdpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xp tI´n-´p-≠v.
BZy-ap≈ 4 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-f-S°w BsI \qdpcq]m- F¥mWv ]h-\pw {Kmapw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘w?
t\m´p-I-fpsS FÆw = Hcp ]h≥ F- ∂ - X v 8 {Kmw
1 kz¿W-am-Wv.
1 Intem{Kmsa∂m¬ 1000
Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v {Kmw.
At∏mƒ Hcp Intem{Kmw
15 16 4 2 5 kz¿W- s a- ∂ m¬ F{X ]h-
15 \mWv?
1  1000 = 10
1
4 2 5
 100
10
14 2 5

14 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf 15 t]¿°v `mKn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AXmb-

Xv, \qdpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ B¿°pw In´n-√. Cu 14 \qdpcq]m -
t\m´p-I-sf, ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-I-fm°n am‰mw.
14 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Iƒ = ...... ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ.
t\ctØ- b p≈ 2 ]Øpcq]m- t\m- ´ p- I ƒ AS°w BsI
]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-fpsS FÆw

43
 KWnXw

142 ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf 15 t]¿°p hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v F{X ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ

In´pw? 1 0 9

Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v

15 16 4 2 5
15

1 1 × 1000 = 10 4 2 5
× 100
10
14 14 × 100 = 1 2 5
40 ×
10
15 × 0 = 0 0 140
142 5
15 × 9 = 135 135 4

tN¿∂p\n∂m¬ 7 5

Hcp aq∂°-kwJybn¬\n∂p XpS-

ßmw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn 415. Cu
kwJy- t bmSp tN¿Øv ho≠pw
_m°n-bp≈ ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-Iƒ =
CtX aq∂-°-kwJy Fgp-XWw.
AXm-bXv 415415 Cu ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf Hcpcq]m -\mW-bß-
Cu Bd-°-kw-Jysb 7 sIm≠v
fm- ° n- b m¬ F{X Hcpcq]m - \ m- W - b - ß ƒ
lcn-°pI. lc-W-^ew F¥mWv?
C\n Cu lc- W - ^ - e sØ 11 D≠mhpw?
sIm≠v lcn°pI. lc- W - ^ ew
F¥mWv? BZy-ap≈ 5, Hcp-cq-]m- \m-W-b-ßfpw
Ah- k m- \ - a mbn Cu lc- W - tN¿Øm¬ BsI Hcpcq]m -\m-W-b-ß-fpsS
^esØ 13 sIm≠v lcn°pI.
F¥p In´n? FÆw =
thsdbpw kwJy- I ƒ FSpØv 75 Hcpcq]m- \m-W-b-ßsf 15 t]¿°v hoXn-
sNbvXp-t\m-°q.
F¥m-Wn-Xn\p ImcWw? ®m¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw F{X \mW-b-߃
7 × 11 × 13 F{XbmsW∂p t\m°q. In´pw?
GsX-¶n-ep-samcp aq∂-°k
- w-Jysb
1001 sIm≠v KpWn®pt\m°q.

44
 KWnXw

Cu sNbvXX{Xbpw Npcp°n Cßs\ Fgp-Xmw:

1 0 9

Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v

15 16 4 2 5
15 × 1 = 15 15
11000 = 10 4 2 5
× 10 0
10
14 14 × 100 2 5
= 140 ×
10
15 × 0 = 0 0 140
142 5
15 × 9 = 135 135
7 7 × 10 = 70 5
70
75
15 × 5 = 75 75

Ie-≠¿ IW°v
CXns\ H∂p-IqSn Npcp°n Cßs\ Fgp-Xmw: Ie-≠-dn¬ 16 kwJy-I-fp≈ ka-N-Xpcw
hc®v AXnse kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb 16
1095 sIm≠v lcn®pt\m°q.
15 16425
15 × 1 = 15 15 5 6 7 8
14
15 × 0 = 0 0 12 13 14 15
142
15 × 9 = 135 135
75 19 20 21 22
15 × 5 = 75 75

26 27 28 29
AXm-bXv 16425 ÷ 15 = 1095
$ CXpt]mse 2460 cq] 12 t]¿°v hoXn- thsdbpw ka-NXpc-߃ hc®v sNbvXp
t\m°q. XpIsb 16 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬
®m¬ Hcmƒ°v F{X cq] In´pw?
In´p∂ kwJy-°v, BZy-I-f-Ønse kwJy-
bp-ambn F¥p _‘-am-Wp-≈Xv?

45
 KWnXw

an®w h∂m¬
175 cq] 7 t]¿°v Xpey-ambn `mKn-®m¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw F{X cq] hoXw In´pw?
25
ka-N-Xpc°W°v 7 175
CXp Is≠-Øm≥ 175 s\
7  2 = 14 14
Hcp ka-N-Xpcw hc®v 7 sIm≠v lcn®v t\m°-
kwJy-Iƒ FgpXnbXv t\m°q. Ww. 35
7  5 = 35 35
1 2 3 4 5 Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw 25 cq] -hoXw In´pw.
180 cq]-bmWv 7 t]¿°v hoXn-°p-∂-sX-¶ntem?
11 12 13 14 15
175 cq]-sb-°mƒ 5 cq] IqSp-X-emWv 180 ¬. 175 cq]
21 22 23 24 25 7 t]¿°v hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v 25 cq] hoXw In´pw.
an®w hcp∂ 5 Hcp cq]sb 7 t]¿°v `mKn-°m≥ Ign-
31 32 33 34 35 bn-√. AXm-bXv, 180 cq] 7 t]¿°v hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v
25 cq]- hoXw In´pw, 5 cq] an®w hcpw.
41 42 43 44 45
25 IW- ° ns‚ `mj- b n¬∏- d -
hcn-bn-sebpw \nc-bn-sebpw kwJy-Iƒ 7 180 ™m¬, 180 s\ 7 sIm≠v
XΩn-ep≈ _‘w ]nSn-In-´ntbm? 7  2 = 14 14 lcn- ® m¬, lc- W - ^ ew
Cu kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb (Quotient) 25, injvSw
40
25 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ In´p∂ (Remainder) 5. CXv Cßs\
7  5 = 35 35
kwJy°v ka-N-Xp-c-Øns‚ Npcp°n Fgp-Xmw.
5
a[y-Ønse kwJy-bp-ambn t\ctØ 175 = 7  25 F∂p I≠p.
F¥mWp _‘w?
Ct∏mƒ 180 = 175 + 5 = (7  25) + 5 F∂pw ImWmw.
AXm-bXv lcn-°p∂ kwJy-sIm≠v lc-W-^-esØ KpWn®v injvShpw Iq´n-bm¬ lcn-
°-s∏-Sp∂ kwJy- In-´pw.
lcn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kwJy = lcn-°p∂ kwJy  lc-W-^ew + injvSw

1 .... 6 2....9
12 1 7 5 2 14 2926
$ Nne lc-W-{In-b-Iƒ sImSp- .... ....
Øn- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Fgp- X mØ ....... ....
A°-߃ Iq´n-t®¿°pI. 4 8 ....
....... ....
....... ....
0 0

46
 KWnXw

$ NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´n-I-bn¬ Fgp-XmØ kwJy-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn®v Fgp-Xp-I.

kwJy lcn-°p∂ lcW injvSw injvS-sa-∂m¬

kwJy ^ew 20 en‰¿ ]m¬, 3 en-‰¿ hoXw F{X-
t]¿°v sImSp°mw? _m°n F{X
56 8 7 0 en‰¿ D≠mhpw? 6 t]¿°v sImSp-
°mw. _m°n 2 en‰¿ D≠mhpw.
369 3 ....... .......
AXm-bXv, 20 = (3  6) + 2
486 4 ....... .......
sImSp°p-∂Xv 6 en‰¿ hoX-am-sW-
448 ....... 7 ....... ¶ntem? At∏mƒ 3 t]¿°v In´pw.
At∏mgpw _m°n hcp-∂Xv 2 en‰¿
948 12 ....... ....... Xs∂.
....... 16 23 8 sImSp°p-∂Xv 7 en‰¿ hoX-am-sW-
¶n-tem? At∏mƒ _m°n hcp-∂Xv
4736 15 ....... .......
6 en‰¿ BIpw.
....... 35 48 0 AXm-b-Xv, 20 = (7  2) + 6. _m°n
....... 62 74 13 hcp∂ ]mens‚ Afhv \n›-bn-°p-
∂Xv F{X en‰¿ hoXw sImSp-
8365 23 ....... ....... °p∂p F∂p t\m°n-bn-´m-Wv.
527 ....... 20 7 kwJy-Iƒam{Xw D]-tbm-Kn®v ]d-
™m¬, Hcp kwJysb as‰mcp
$ kvIqƒ tÃmdn-te°v 1825 t\m´v]pkvXIßfmWv kwJy-sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ In-´p∂
hmtß-≠-Xv. 25 ]pkvX-I-߃ hoX-ap≈ F{X injvSw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv lcn-
sI´p-Iƒ hmßWw? °p∂ kwJysb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-
bmWv. AXm- b - X v, injvSw
$ KWn-X-im-kv{X-ta-f-bn¬ hnP-bn-I-fm-b-Xns‚
Ft∏mgpw lcn-°p∂ kwJytb-
kt¥mjw ]¶n-Sm≥ kvIqfnse 768 Ip´n-Iƒ°pw °mƒ sNdp-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.
eUp \¬Im≥ Xocp- a m- \ n- ® p. 1 Intem{Kmw
eUphn¬ 24 FÆw D≠mIpw. F{X Intem{Kmw
eUp hmßWw?
$ A_p Hmtcm BgvN-bn-epw, sNehp Ign®v an®w
hcp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v 35 cq] -hoXw _m¶n¬ \nt£-
]n-°pw. Ct∏mƒ Abm-fpsS A°u-≠n¬ 1505
cq] D≠v. F{X-bm-gvNsØ kºm-Zy-am-WnXv?
$ Hcp ]©m-bØ- ns‚ Iogn-ep≈ 14 kvIqfp-If
- nse
sse{_dn\ho-I-c-W-Øn\p th≠n 325500 cq]
\o°n-sh-®p. Cu XpI F√m kvIqfn\pw Xpey-
ambn hoXn®m¬ Hmtcm kvIqfn\pw F{X XpI
hoXw In´pw?

47
 KWnXw

$ Hcp HmUn-t‰m-dn-bØ
- n¬ 864 Itk-cI - ƒ 24 hcn-
I-fn-embn \nc-Øn-bn-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm hcn-
bnepw IqSp-X¬ Itk-c-Iƒ CSmsX HmUn-
t‰m-dn-b-Øn¬ 1260 Itk-c-Iƒ IqSn CS-W-w.
C\n F{X hcn-Iƒ IqSn th≠n-hcpw?
$ Hcp A[n-h¿j-Øn¬ F{X BgvN-Iƒ D≠v?
_m°n F{X Znh-k-߃ D≠v?
$ Hcp \me-°k - w-Jysb 13 2 7
sIm≠v lcn-°p∂ {In-b- 13 3 7
bnse Nne A°- 2 6
߃am{Xw ChnsS
8
ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬
Fgp- X mØ A°- ß ƒ
I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I.

5
$ tXmakv hmßnb Nne km[-\-ß-fpsS _n√mWv NphsS \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
C\w Xq°w (In.{Kmw.) hne (cq])
Acn 15 480

lcn®p t\m°msX ]©-kmc 4 136

366, 425, 499 F∂o sNdp-]-b¿ 5 360
kwJy-Isf 15 sIm≠v
ISe 6 276
lcn-°ptºmƒ In´p∂
injvS-߃ F{X-bm-Wv? BsI 1252
kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb
15 sIm≠v \nt»jw lcn- CtX IS-bn¬\n∂v IÆ≥ hmßn-b-Xns‚ IW°v Cß-s\-bm-
°m≥ Ign-bptam? lcn®p Wv:
t\m°msX Fßs\
Acn - 12 In.{Kmw.
I≠p-]n-Sn-°pw?
]©-kmc - 3 In.{Kmw.
sNdp-]-b¿ - 2 In.{Kmw.
ISe - 5 In.{Kmw.
IÆ≥ F{X cq] sImSp-°Ww?

48
 KWnXw

1    !2 3   2

 
)
    /$  /4 2  /0,562 
3   2 ! &
1 . /78+ 9!  2
    
  
     

    3 78+   ) :  ! :&;3'

< 3=& ">?@/'< 3
    3 78+   ) : A  ! :&;3
'< 3=& ">?@/'< 3
 B 3*+ C7  78+ D  &
  B 3 3, 78+D&
 !78+D 3, 78+&

t{]mPIvSv

CjvS-apÅ F«p- kw-Jy-IÄ Fgp-Xn, Ch-bnse GXv c­p kwJy-IÄ X½n-epÅ hyXym-
k-hpw Is­¯nt\m¡q. Ch-bn GsX-¦nepw Hcp hyXymks¯  sIm­v \ntÈjw
lcn-¡m³ Ignbptam? sNbvXp-t\m-¡q.
F´m-bn-cn¡pw CXn\p ImcWw?
Hcp kwJysb  sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mÄ injvSambn hcm-hp¶ kwJy-IÄ GsXm-s¡-bmWv?
, , , , , , þ Ch Gsg-®-am-Wp-ÅXv.
At¸mÄ F«v kwJy-Isf  sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mÄ c­p injvS-§-sf-¦nepw XoÀ¨-bmbpw
Xpey-am-bn-cn¡pw. At¸mÄ B c­p kwJy-IÄ X½n-epÅ hyXym-ks¯  sIm­v lc-n-
¡p-t¼mÄ injvSw ]qPy-am-bn-cn¡pw.
DZm:- ,  F¶o kwJy-Isf  sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mÄ injvSw  In«p-¶p.
Cu kwJy-I-fpsS hyXym-ks¯ sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mtgm?
CXp-t]mse GsX-¦nepw   kwJy-IÄ FgpXn c­p kwJy-IÄ X½n-epÅ
hyXymks¯  sIm­v \ntÈjw lcn-¡mtam F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-t\m-¡q.
kwJy-I-fpsS F®w amän {]hÀ¯\w XpSÀ¶v sNbvXp-t\m-¡q.

49
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ Iq´-am-°¬, `mKw hbv°¬ F∂o
kμ¿`-߃ lc-W{- In-bb - m-sW∂v
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
$ Zo¿L-lc
- W
- {- Inbm coXn-bn¬ lcn-
°p∂ coXn hnh-cn-°p-∂p.
$ lc-W-Øn-\p≈ hyXy-kvX -am¿K-
߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p, kz¥w
am¿Kw Is≠-Øp-∂p.
$ lc-W-{In-b-Iƒ a\°W-°mbn
sNøm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
$ lcn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kwJy-bpw lcn-
°p∂ kwJy-bpw lc-W-^-ehpw
injvShpw XΩn¬ _‘-s∏-SpØn
]d-bp-∂p.
$ NXp- j v{In- b - I ƒ Dƒs∏- S p∂
{]mtbm-KnI{]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-
°p-∂p.
$ {]iv\-]-cn-l-c-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb
hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw -tbm-
Pn® {Inbm-cq-]-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v
{]iv\-]-cn-l-cWw \S-Øp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.

50
KWnXw

4
hrØ߃

51
 KWnXw

dknb Nne PymanXo-bcq]-߃ hc-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Xbm-sd-Sp-∏n-em-Wv.

N{Ihpw hrØhpw
$ Aøm-bncw h¿jw apºv Xs∂
a\pjy¿ hne-ßs\ Xncn-bp∂
N{I- a p- ] - t bm- K n®v a¨]m- { X- dknb Ct∏mƒ hc-bv°p∂Xv F¥p cq]-am-Wv?
߃ D≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂p.
hf, •mkv apX-embh D]-tbm-Kn®v \n߃°pw h´w
$ \mem-bncw s - Im-√w apºpXs∂, hcbv°m-at√m.
IpØs\ Xncn-bp∂ N{Iw D]-
tbm- K n- ° p∂ hml- \ - ß ƒ
NphsSbp≈ Nn{X߃ t\m°q.
D≠m-°n.
$ a\p- j y- ] p- t cm- K - X n- b psS Hcp
{][m\ kw`-h-amWv N{I-ß-
fpsS I≠p-]n-SnØw.

aq∂p hrØ-߃ (Circles); hep∏-Øn¬ hyXym-k-ap≠v.

Hmtcm hep-∏-Øn-epap≈ hrØw Fßs\ hc-bv°pw?
B hep-∏-Øn-¬ hrØm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈ hkvXp°ƒ In´n-
bm¬ aXnbt√m.
Ft∏mgpw CXp km[y-amtWm?

52
 KWnXw

s]´n-bnse ]cn-lmcw
^mØna Hcp Nn{Xw hc-bv°p-I-bm-Wv.

]ºcw Id-°mw...

^mØna F¥mWv hc-bv°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv? Hcp hrØw apdn-s®-SpØv

Iºn¬ tIm¿Øp-h-®m¬
h´w hc-bv°p-∂-Xn\v ^mØna D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ D]-I-
]º-c-am-bn.
cWw \ΩpsS Pyman- X n- s ∏- ´ n- b nepw D≠v . CXns\
tImºkv (compass) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.
tImºkv D]-tbm-Kn®v ^mØna hc-®X
- p-t]mse Hcp h´w
hc®pt\m°q. tImº-kns‚ hncnhv A¬∏w-Iq´n as‰mcp
h´w hc®pt\m°q. F¥p am‰-amWv kw`-hn-®X- v? hep∏w
Ipd®v IqSn, At√?
Fß-s\-bmWv hrØw hc-®-Xv? tImº-kns‚ ap\ Hcp
ÿeØv IpØp-∂p. tImºkv A¬∏w H∂v hnS¿Øn
hrØw hc-bv°p-∂p.
hrØw hc-bv°p-tºmƒ tImº-kns‚ ap\ IpØp∂
_nμp-hmWv hrØ-Øns‚ tI{μw (Centre).
NphsS hc-® Nn{Xw t\m°q. Chbn¬ \∂mbn
Id-ßp∂ ]ºcw GXmWv?
F¥p-sIm≠v?
\∂mbn Id-ßp∂ Hcp
]ºcw D≠m-°m≥ Iºv
KT-131 / 5-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

Fhn-sS-°qSn tIm¿°Ww?

Cu hrØ-ß-fpsS {]tXy-IX F¥mWv?

c≠n-t‚bpw tI{μw Htc _nμp- X-s∂. F∂m¬ ]pdsØ hrØw
D≈nse hrØ-tØ-°mƒ hep∏w IqSn-b-Xm-Wv.

53
 KWnXw

tImº-kns‚ hncnhv A¬∏w -Iq´n hc-®XpsIm≠m-Wt√m CØ-

c-Øn-ep≈ henb hrØw e`n-®-Xv.
CXv Cß-s\bpw ]d-bmw! -tI-{μ-Øn¬\n∂p hrØ-Øn-te-°p≈
hrØw AIew IqSn-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv -hrØw hep-Xm-b-Xv.
Pntbm-Pn-{_bn¬
AXm-b-Xv, tI{μ-Øn¬\n∂p hrØ-Øn-te-°p≈ AIew IqSp-
Pntbm-Pn-{_-bn¬ hrØw ∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v hrØ-Øns‚ hep∏w IqSp∂p.
hc-bv°m≥ e`y-amb Nne
Sqfp- I - f mWv NphsS tI{μ-Øn¬\n∂p hrØ-Øn-te-°p≈ AI-esØ
sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hrØ-Øns‚ Bcw (Radius) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.
• Circle with centre
through points. hrØw hc-bv°m≥ tImºkv A¬∏w hnS-¿Øn-b-t√m. At∏mƒ
• Circle with centre
AXns‚ ap-\bpw s]≥kn-ens‚ ap\bpw XΩn-ep≈ AI-ew -
and radius. Xs∂-bmWv hc-bv°p∂ hrØ-Øns‚ Bcw.

cw
B
cw
B

Af-∂p hcbv°mw
3 sk‚nao-‰¿ Bc-ap≈ Hcp hrØw Fßs\ hc-bv°pw?

.
.ao
k
3s

54
 KWnXw

$ Nn{X-¯nse hr¯-¯nsâ Bcw Af¶p I­p-]n-Sn¡q.

hr¯w -sIm­v
{XntImWw
2 skân-ao-äÀ \of-¯n Hcp hc
hc-bv¡p-I. A{K-_n-µp-¡Ä tI{µ-
am¡n 2 skâ n- a o- ä À Bc- a pÅ
hr¯w hc-bv¡p-I.

$ 5 skânao-äÀ Bc-apÅ Hcp hr¯w hc-bv¡p-I.

$ 3 skânao-äÀ Bc-apÅ ÿHcp hr¯w hc-bv¡p-
I. tI{µ-¯n \n¶p 5 skânao-äÀ AI-se-bpÅ 2 sk.ao.
_nµp Cu hr¯-¯n-\I
- ¯
- m-tWm, ]pd-¯mtWm?
$ NphsS sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ Nn{X-¯n-epÅ FÃm
hr¯-§fpsSbpw Bcw XpeyamWv.
C\n NphsS ImWn- ¨ n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ - X p-
t]mse Hcp {XntImWw hc-bv¡q.

2 sk.ao.

{XntIm-W-¯nsâ aäp c­p-h-i-§-

fpsS \ofw F{X-bmWv?
hr¯§fpsS Bcw 3 skânao-ä-dm-¡n Cu Nn{Xw
t\m«v]pkvXI¯n hc-bv¡p-I.

$ Htc _nµpXs¶ tI{µ-am¡n 3 skân-ao-ä-À,

4 skânao-äÀ, 5 skânao-äÀ Bc-apÅ hr¯-§Ä
hc-bv¡p-I.


 KWnXw

hymkw
NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Nn{Xw t\m°q.

hrØw -sIm≠v
jUv`pPw
Htc Bc-ap≈ aq∂p
hrØ-߃ Nn{X-Ønse t]mse
hc®pt\m°q. hrØ-tI{μhpw
hrØ-߃ apdn-®p-I-S-°p∂
_nμp-°fpw Nn{X-Øn¬
ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse hc-Iƒ
sIm≠v tbmPn-∏n-°q.
jUv`pPw In´n-bn-t√.
Cu hrØ-Øns‚ Bcw Af-s∂-gp-Xp-I.
Bcw \o´n hc-®-Xn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Nn{Xw t\m°q.

tI{μ-Øn¬IqSn hc® hc-bpsS \ofw F{X-bmWv?

CtX \of-Øn¬ thsd h-c-Iƒ Cu hrØ-Øn\p≈n¬
hc-bv°mtam?
CØ-c-Øn¬ F{X hc-Iƒ hc-bv°mw?
CXnt\- ° mƒ \of- a p≈ Hcp hc hrØ- Ø n- \ p- ≈ n¬
hc-bv°m≥ Ign-bptam?
At∏mƒ hrØ-Øns‚ tI{μ-Øn¬IqSn IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ hc-
bv°mWv G‰hpw \ofw IqSp-X¬. Cu hcsb hrØ-Øns‚
hymkw (Diameter) F∂mWp ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

56
 KWnXw
-#$/ " )!( #$-  8 
) # #-.$   5- +, 
# )# 5- 2 #-. 0#$
&9-7   4-.$
5- = 2 × 
5-
 
 *'# ( /
5-    0 % & '(
  )*+ , 3
5- :
a

ka-`m-K-§Ä b
c

hr¯w hc¨v AXnsâ Hcp hymkw hc-bv¡pI.

$*  -) -, 
)#   
-) "  4    0 
  3 
&  % 

a
c b

Cu hymk-¯n\v Ip¯-s\-bmbn asämcp hymkw hc-

bv¡mtam? a«w D]-tbm-Kn¨v hr¯-tI-{µ-¯nÂIqSn $5  " # 3
Ip¯s\ Hcp hc hc-¨m aXn-b-tÃm. 6 +, ,5 ,!
*'# ( $*
+ , ( -
157# " # 3
).2
* '    +#
%* 4 8 # ( $*
+ , % *  -
" #* ) 3).2


 KWnXw

Im¨am-\n√
hf D]-tbm-Kn®v A®p hrØw
hc-®p. hrØ-]m-t‰-¨ Xbm-dm-
°p- ∂ - X n\v hrØ- Ø ns‚
hymkw hc-bv°-Ww. ]t£,
tI{μw ImWp-∂n-√.
a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v hrØ-Øns‚
tI{μw Is≠- Ø nb am¿Kw hrØw F{X ka-`m-K-ß-fmbn amdn?
t\m°q.
hc-bpsS A{K_nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-∏n®pt\m°q.

Ct∏mƒ In´nb cq]w F¥mWv?

CXp-t]mse a‰p c≠p hymk-߃ hc-®v, Ah-bpsS A{K-
߃ tbmPn∏n®pt\m°q. F√m-bv-t∏mgpw Cß-s\Øs∂
In´ptam?
$ CXp-t]mse a´-Ønse hnhn[ aqe-Iƒ D]-tbmKn®v
hrØ-Øn¬ a‰p cq]-߃ D≠m-°nt\m°q.

$ _nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-∏n®p In´p∂ cq]-Øn\v F{X hi-߃

D≠v?

58
 KWnXw

am{¥nIhrØw
Nn{Xw t\m°q.

$ Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWp∂ a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v hrØ-

Øn¬ Xpey AI-e-ß-fn¬ F{X _nμp-°ƒ
AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØmw? Cu _nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-
∏n®p In´p∂ cq]-Øn\v F{X hi-߃ D≠v?

hrØ-Ønse Iptd _nμp-°ƒ ]c-

kv ] cw tbmPn- ∏ n- ® Xp I≠nt√?
CXp-t]mse a‰p- _n-μp-°fpw ]c-
kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-°q.

Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xmcv?
$ Cu a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v hrØ-Øn¬ Xpey
AI-eß- f
- n¬ F{X _nμp-°ƒ AS-bm-fs
- ∏-
SpØmw? Cu _nμp- ° ƒ tbmPn- ∏ n®p
In´p∂ cq]-Øn\v F{X hi-߃ D≠v?

a´-ßfpsS hnhn[ aqe-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v 24 hi-

ß-fp≈ Hcp cq]w hrØ-Øn¬ hcbv-°q. Nn{Xw hc®v \ndw sImSp-°p-I. CXn¬
Fs¥ms° cq]-ß-fp≠v?

59
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ D]-I-cW klm-b-Øm¬ IrXy-
amb Af-hn¬ hrØw hc-bv°m≥
Ign-bp-∂p.
$ hyXykv X cq]- ß ƒ Hcp- a n®p
tN¿Øv ]mt‰-Wp-Ifpw ]pXnb
Nn{X-ßfpw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-
bp∂p.
$ hrØ-Ønse Bcw, hymkw F∂o
Af-hp-If - psS ]c-k]
v c
- _
- ‘w hni-
Zo-Ic
- n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

60
 5
`mK-ßf- psS kwJy
 KWnXw

]IpXn F¶mÂ...
c­p tZmi Ign¨pIgn-ª-t¸mÄ an\n ]d-ªp: ""C\n Hcp apgp-h³ tZmi th­-t½,
Ac tZmi aXn''.
Ac tZmi-sb-¶m Hcp tZmi-bpsS ]Ip-Xn, AtÃ?
Cu Nn{Xw t\m¡q.

h«-¯nsâ ]IpXn \ndw sImSp-¯n-«p-­v. AXm-b-Xv, \ndw sImSp-¯Xv ]Ip-Xn- h-«w.

Cu Nn{X-¯ntem?

]IpXn hc \oe, ]IpXn hc Nph-¸v.

hc-bpsS \ofw Hcp aoädm-sW-¦ntem?
Hcp aoä-dnsâ ]IpXn \ofs¯ AcaoäÀ F¶p ]d-bmw. At¸mÄ AcaoäÀ \oe,
Ac aoäÀ Nph-¸v.
Hcp enäÀ ]m c­p Ip«n-IÄ¡v Htc Af-hn sImSp-¯p. HcmÄ¡v F{X In«n?
Hcp enä-dnsâ ]Ip-Xn, AXm-bXv AcenäÀ.
c­p Xpey-`m-K-am-¡n-b-Xn H¶mWv ]IpXn, AsÃ-¦n Ac. IW-¡n CsX-gp-
Xp-¶Xv 1
F¶mWv; ""Ac'' Ft¶m ""c­n H¶v'' Ft¶m Bhiyw t]mse hmbn-
2
¡mw.
At¸mÄ
$ an\n¡p th­Xv tZmi-bpsS 1
`mKw.
2
$ h«-¯n \ndw sImSp-¯-Xv, 1 1
2 2
AXnsâ 1 `mKw.
2


 KWnXw

? 135 !0   1 358 `n¶-§Ä `mc-X-¯nÂ

_n.kn. 500-Â FgpXn F¶v Icp-X-s¸-Sp¶ kpÂ_-
2

? 12 5 !0   1 2 58 kq-{X-§-fn `n¶-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨v {]iv\-§Ä¡v

2
]cn-lmcw I­-Xmbn ImWp-¶p-­v. CuPn-]vänÂ
() *+,- GXm­v _n.kn. 3000 apX Xs¶ `n¶-§Ä
D]tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦nepw Awiw 1 Bb `n¶-§Ä
am{X-amWv ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp-¶Xv. `mc-X-¯nÂ
FÃm-Xcw `n¶-§fpw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p. `n¶-§f- psS
D]-tbm-Khpw {Inb-Ifpw DÄs¸-Sp¶ {]iv\-§Ä
{]mNo-\-`m-c-X-¯nse {]kn² KWn-X-Ir-Xn-I-fn-
seÃmw ImWp-¶p-­v.
{_Ò-Kp-]vXsâ {_Ò-kv^pS kn²m-´-¯nepw alm-
ho-csâ KWn-X-km-c-kw-{K-l-¯nepw Cu Imcyw
 +! %/ ,#1./ !0 1 hyà-am-¡p-¶p-­v.
12þmw \qäm-­n Pohn-¨n-cp¶ `mkvI-cm-Nmcy (c­m-
2
;<6'
!&#19@! 61' a³)cpsS eoem-h-Xn-bn \nc-h[n KWn-X-{]-iv\-§-
( ) *A ,-    B)
fn `n¶-kw-Jy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-­v.
/ !0 1 ;<+  3 4 $%"4!%/ " .1
2

1
2
1 1
2 2
1
2

 "!7 2+ 3 " $1 ;<A4,'>2) ,-

2
  

.+C"< 1 D// $  2/ $> / 4 %&


 KWnXw

" $# % . / *+ *E" "F  2'

 ! "# 

_n.kn. 3200 apXÂXs¶ CuPn-]vXn `n¶-§sf
{]tXyI en]n-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p.
Awiw 1 Bb `n¶I§fmWv ChÀ s]mXpsh
8G1H8G $  1  !
D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv ; IqSmsX 23 Dw Dw 3
%/   I ,-= 9& ;<
D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xmbn ImWmw.
4
A4+2:6'

Cu k{¼Zm-b-¯n s\ F¶mWp

1    ;<+ D/
/ !0-# !2#;<!6#
kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
3
"+
aäp `n¶kwJyIfpsS NnÓ§Ä. 9 #'
1
=
1
;<+
2 3
2
=
3 1
3 3
= 1
4
3
1 1
=
10 3


 KWnXw
135834J) %132:;<A4"  $  K6
/ !0"+34+ 1 358
3
12 58$-#8,3 $  /8,+9*2 58
.+'
L  ,1! #=) */ $ 6#
!2-# K6A4,

L!03+H ! %/ H  

K6A4"
 ,$32:;<A4, " $2;<+
 !-# $ ;<!#"+= 2 ;<!!# +
3
"1, . ";</ !9A!!" +'

2
3

1
3

135834J ) % $-#2:;<A%"4!%

/   K6+ ! %/

13

!) " K6/ !034+9*3561'

2 " K6/ !0"'


 KWnXw

1 sk.ao.

Hcp ka-N-Xpcw hc-bv¡pI, hi-§-tfm-

sk.ao.
sk.ao.
tcm-¶n\pw 3 skâo-ao-äÀ \ofw. C\n apI-
fne-t¯bpw Xmgt¯bpw hi-§f- n CS-

3
3
¯p-\n¶v 1 skân-ao-äÀ AI-e-¯nÂ
Ip¯pI-fn-Sp-I, Ah tbmPn-¸n¡pI. 1 sk.ao.

ka-N-Xp-c-s¯ c­p NXp-c-§-fmbn `mKn-¨ntÃ?

sNdnb NXpcw ka-N-Xp-c-¯nsâ F{X `mK-amWv?
henb NXp-ctam?
1
3
`mK-¯n\v Nph-¸p-\n-dhpw 23 `mK-¯n\v ]¨-\n-dhpw sImSp-¡p-I.
thsd GsX-¦nepw coXn-bn ka-N-Xp-c-s¯ 13 Dw 23 Dw Bbn `mKn-
¡mtam?

$ NphsS X¶n-cn-¡p¶ Nn{X¯n \ndw \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv NXp-

c-¯nsâ F{X `mK-¯n\mWv?
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901

$ X¶n-cn-¡p¶ ka-N-Xp-c-¯nsâ 1
3
`mK-¯n\v \ndw \ÂIq.


 KWnXw

$  $  ! 23 )*!

  .   8 )* !   2+   . 
#
3

PhET s^äv

6 Ata-cn-¡-bnse tImf-dmtUm

2+. #  !/0 )*! bqWn-th-gvkn-än-bpsS Hcp kwcw-`-amWv
1- s^äv (PhET). imkv{X-]-T\w Gsd ck-
I-c-am-¡m-\pÅ At\Iw knap-te-j-\p-
$ 1  9 :# $+ IÄ DÄs¡m-Ån-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ kzX{´
 ; 9 0 1(  tkm^v ä v s hb- d m- W nXv . CâÀs\äv
!0 - kuIcyw CÃm-sXbpw CXv {]hÀ¯n-
¸n¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
$ Application → School Resources → PhET
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
F¶ coXn-bn Xpd-¡mw.
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567 s^äv Pme-I-¯n Simulation → Math
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567 → Build a fraction Xpd¶v `n¶-kw-Jy-
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567 Isf hnhn[ coXnIfn hni-Zo-I-cn-
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567 ¡p¶ knap-te-j-\p-IÄ {]hÀ¯n-¸n-
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567 ¡mw. Fraction Intro bnepw C¯cw
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567 {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä e`y-am-Wv.
12345678901234567
12345678901234567 12345678901234567
12345678901234567
12345678901234567
1234567890123456712345678901234567
12345678901234567

0 !#. #   !/0 )*!1-

$  $$!  #  ;%  !
  9 8<=>
'$! 
A B C D E F G
AD $ 6!/0 )*1-
AC $-AE $ -


 KWnXw

$ 20 & 1 08  &   ! 9 

  "# $%
12
11 1
10 2

9 3

8 4

7 5
6

4 $' 1 $'   ! 9    "#

 $%

&   1   9 0 " 0:0; ! 9 

  "#  $%

`mKw ]e-Xcw
< 0!  < 

 /
 (
 = 2! 0>

'?0'? *0    , 

< !


 KWnXw

sh«n- a m- ä nb sNdnb Ij- W - s ¯ h«- ¯ nsâ \men- s em¶v F¶p ]dbmw; 1

4
Fs¶gpXmw.
henb Ij-Ws- ¯tbm?
Xpey-amb 4 `mK-§-fn 3 F®w tNÀ¶-XmWv CXv. AXn-\m CXns\ \men aq¶v
F¶p- ]-d-bp-Ibpw 3
Fs¶gp-Xp-Ibpw sN¿mw.
4

km[m-cW `mj-bnÂ, 1
s\ ""ImÂ'' F¶pw 3
s\ \m«p-`mj
4 4
km[m-c-W-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ `n¶-
""ap¡mÂ'' F¶pw ]d-bm-dp-­v.
§Ä¡v aebmf`mj-bn t]cp-I-fp-­v.
henb Ij-W¯ - nÂ\n¶v Hcp sNdnb Ij-Ww-IqSn
apdn- s ¨- S p- ¯ v , BZys¯ sNdpIj- W - t ¯mSv
1
4
Im 1
2
Ac
tNÀs¯m-«n-¨mtem?
3
4
ap¡m 1
8
Ac-¡mÂ
1
16
amlmWn

c­p Ij-W§
- fpw h«-¯nsâ ]IpXn Xs¶-btÃ?
AXm-b-Xv, h«-¯nsâ 1
`mKw.
2
""Cu Hmtcm Ij-Whpw \mep ka-`m-K§
- f
- m-¡n-bX
- n cs­®w tNÀ¶-XmWv; c­p
Ij-W-§fpw h«-¯nsâ \men c­v'', F¶mWv ssee ]d-bp-¶-Xv.
AXpw icn-X-s¶. \men c­pw ]Ip-Xn-Xs¶. AXm-bXv \men c­pw c­nÂ
H¶pw sam¯-¯nsâ ]Ip-Xn-bm-Wv.
IW¡p `mj-bnÂ
2 1
=
2
KT-131 / 6-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

4
1 aoäÀ \of-apÅ Nc-Sn \mep Xpey `mK-§Ä AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp¯n:
Hmtcm `mKhpw F{X aoäÀ?

1 aoäÀ


 KWnXw

5  )5 $

 * 5  6 .3 #
 $
 2 % 4.
   <$ A <'

1 <   4 ,!"#
 $
 2 
 % 2 &  ' 
 % 2
4
<'    
1 <      % <'       !"
1
2
( .    5   +)

( B    3 % 7  

45
   >  AC   D?2  ) ?
 
=  . % (   $
 / 9  $
 AC   D?2  78    4. !" 1 
3

.3  

1
3

.3    .3  !"#>  '   5




 KWnXw

2 2
6 ka-`m-K-§-fnse 2 F®w Bb-Xn-\m `mKw F¶p ]d-bmw. Cu `mKhpw
6 6
1
BZys¯ h«-¯nse \ndw sImSp¯ `mKhpw H¶pXs¶-btÃ? (thW-sa-
3
¦nÂ, c­m-as¯ h«-¯nse Cu c­p `mK-§Ä sh«n-sb-Sp-¯v, BZys¯ h«-

¯nse Hcp `mK-t¯mSv tNÀ¯p-h¨v t\m¡mw).

AXm-bXv Bdn c­pw, aq¶n-sem¶pw Htc `mKw Xs¶.

2 1
=
6 3
C\n c­m-as¯ h«-¯nse Hcp `mKhpw IqSn tNÀ¯v \ndw sImSp-¯mtem?

hr¯hn`-P\w
$ Pntbm-Pn{_ tkm^vävshbÀ
Xpd¶v Polygon SqÄ FSp-¡p-I.
Circle with Centre through Point
{]X-e-¯n Hcp Øe¯v ¢n¡v sNbvXv
aukv \o¡n asämcp Øe¯v ¢n¡v
sNbvXv Hcp hr¯w hc-bv¡p-I.
CXnÂ\n¶v F´p In«n?
C\n Line through two Points SqÄ FSp¯v
3 1 hr¯-¯nsâ DÅnse _nµphpw hr¯-
=
6 2
¯nse _nµphpw ¢n¡v sNbvXv Hcp hc
Hcp `mKhpw IqSn Bbmtem?
hc-bv¡p-I.
SqÄ_m-dnÂ\n¶v Perpendicular line SqÄ
FSp¯v
Tools → Special Line Tools →
Perpendicular Line
F¶ {Ia-¯n Cu SqÄ FSp-¡p-I.
Perpendicular Line
BZyw - h - c ¨ hc- b nepw hr¯- ¯ nsâ
DÅnse _nµp-hnepw ¢n¡v sNbvXv Hcp
CXpw BZys¯ hr¯-¯nse c­p `mKw
hc hcbv-¡p-I.
tNÀ¶Xpw H¯pt\m¡q:
4 Ct¸mÄ hr¯w F{X Ij-W-ambn? Hmtcm
= 2
6 3 Ij-Whpw hr¯-¯nsâ F{X `mK-amWv?

71
 KWnXw

 #*   *0-)   7 #* 3 8$ 0-) 2  


  1!6

 , *+ $./-   !" . 9 '-

. " !' 0 * 1-

#$*  7 .    7 9 '-   !"

 * 1 - *+ *    :!

1 ;</ ; = #* " 12    06

#$* !>'  7 ;  9 ;<'-&

 !>', *+ ; $./06

$./0 #$*  7 ;  9 ;<'-&

1 ;<  12 
  1 
 
  2  $./
 
 )
2
;</
12

72
 KWnXw

 '6 4. D5  42  3

1 <   6 ,!"#$% 4 .& )  <' ) 
1
6
2
<' = 1
<'
12 6
12 # $ * *   '6

 '6 4.   <$ A < 

(% F I 
3
<' =  <'
12

   '6
 

4.   <$
 <' =  <'
( 78  12 # $  5    
   D?6 .3 !"2 

 !"  <$

 <' =  <'
 !"  <$ 1
 6
1
 6
4 3
 <' =  <'
(#    ' 2 E

 !"  <$

1 1
A  6
 <' =  <' 8 16

 !"  <$
 <' =  <'


 KWnXw

sNbvXp-t\m¡mw
 4. G .6/ )    * H "6 12  
!"#$2 .2

(   !"#>2   %  A#$  5

.2 4.   %  .2 G
  A !"  .3 .% !   
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 12345678901 123456789012345678

12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
123456789012345678901234 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123

74
 KWnXw

 4. , .    !"#$  A%  

!"6.2
    

   !" # $  % &'

() Polygon *+ ,*
! (- + &=(=/ /
0 %1B C6 (* /-
(% 0 %1( . !( 6 3'

*+")3 Mid Point or Centre *+
,*- !( -%8 . &C6
1 0 %1( 3+ 7 ? .  &C
, 
 .
   8 !" ?  
-%86 =": D E
%   1
!" <  
  1
!" &46 Polygon *+ ,*- 72 ":%
 ?> . !( 6+* &+
4 2
6   %  
  %  A !" .  !( &6 & !( - %8
    
,!(  @
4. ' %/ 4 % <' /
.3. A"  '  9     9
F  5 )'J
4. A% 78  4. ' /   4.       46%
A% 7 A '  
1
4.   ).    '% 4. '/ (  1 ' 
2

.3     4.      52 E% .3 %

'
1
 2 '
4
(: A 2*

75
 KWnXw
78       5.2
.3    A !"   5.2
)?> 7 1
1
   5     (: A
4

○
○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○
○
○
○
○
○
1
4 *   1 3
 5 5.2 4. A A    5
.2      ,K      
○
○
○
○
○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○

○ ○
○

○ ○

○ ○

○ ○

○ ○
○
○
○
○
○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○
○
○
○
○
○

○
○

○
○

○
○

○
○

○
○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○ ○
○

○
○

○
○

○
○

○
○


 KWnXw

  
6  2 3 '2    <6% 4. JfractionLab
.'2 A  2    + 436
3  2 H= E &% &C<436 
   . F(!G # $  
( 2  2 3 '2    <2 
E
%&) % !#    H"
(JfractionLab)
Application → Education →
JfractionLab
, !- 72 #$%&'
()6
Clicking the Numerator, Defining frac-
,4  9 ! &'-
tion
3 %1( 3+
#  <2
78  4.  2 *   6/ 4..'2 52 

( )5  2 (   6 52 

2
)?> 4..'2 4.  2  !" 
3
(  3  2 4 '2    <6% 4..'2
4.  2  A !"  7 62*

77
 KWnXw

Afhpw `mKhpw
2 aoäÀ \of-apÅ Hcp \mS 3 ka-`m-K-§-fm¡nbmÂ, Hmtcm Ij-W-
¯n-sâbpw \ofw F{X aoä-dmWv?

BZyw Hmtcm aoä-dn-s\bpw 3 ka-`m-K§

- f
- m-¡p-¶X
- mbn k¦Â¸n¡mw:

1 aoä-À 1 aoä-À

Ct¸mÄ 6 ka-`m-K-§-fmbn; \ap¡p th­Xv 3 Dw.

Cucs­®w hoXw tNÀ¯p-h-¨mtem?

Cu aq¶p Ij-W-§fn Hmtcm-¶n-sâbpw \ofw F{X aoä-dmWv?

Afhp-Ifpw t]cp-Ifpw 1 aoä-dns\ 3 ka-`m-K§

- f
- m-¡n-bX
- n cs­®w tNÀ¶-

2
Hcp aoäÀ F¶ \ofw 100 skânao-ä- XmWv Hmtcm-¶pw. AXm-bXv 3 aoäÀ.
dm-W-tÃm. At¸mÄ Hcp skân-ao-äÀ
At¸mÄ F´p a\-Ên-embn?
\ofw, Hcp aoäÀ \of-¯nsâ 1 `mK-
100 2 aoä-dns\ aq¶p ka-`m-K-§-fm-¡n-bmÂ, Hmtcm Ij-
am-Wv. CXp-t]mse 1 anÃn-ao-äÀ \ofw, 2
1 W-¯nsâbpw \ofw aoäÀ.
1 skân-ao--ä-dnsâ `mK-am-Wv. 3
10
Hcp anÃnen-äÀ Hcp enä-dnsâ F{X `mK-
amWv?
Hcp {Kmw Hcp Intem-{Km-ansâ F{X
`mK-am-Wv? $ 2 aoäÀ dn_¬ 5 t]À hoXn-s¨-Sp-¯mÂ, Hmtcm-
cp-¯À¡pw F{X aoäÀ dn_¬ In«pw? CXv F{X
skân-ao-äÀ BWv?

Ac-bpsS ]IpXn ap¡m- $ 3 enäÀ ]m 4 t]À¡v hoXn-¨m Hmtcm-cp-

ensâ aq¶n-sem-¶m-Wv."
"
¯À¡pw F{X enäÀ In«pw? CXv F{X anÃn-en-ä-
dmWv?
\n§-fpsS A`n-{]mbw F´v?
Hcp hr¯w hc¨v `mK-§- $ 6 Intem{Kmw ]©-kmc 8 s]mXn-Ifm¡-Ww.

fm¡n ]cn-tim-[n-¡q. FÃm s]mXn-Ifnepw Htc Xq¡-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

Hmtcm s]mXn- b nepw F{X Intem{Kmw \nd-
bv¡Ww? CXv F{X {Kmw BWv?

78
 KWnXw

" 1 aoä-À, 2 aoäÀ \of-§-fpÅ \mS-I-fmWv Nn{X-¯n X¶n-cn-¡p-

¶-X.v

1 aoä-À

2 aoä-À
2
1 aoäÀ \mS-bpsS `mKw AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.
5
1
2 aoäÀ \mS-bpsS `mKw AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.
5

1 aoä-dnsâ
2
`mK-hpw 2 aoä-dnsâ
1
`mKhpw
## $ %&'(
5 5 )*+ Segment between Two
X½n F´mWp _Ôw? Points  ,   
 ! -.  /
" A\p-hn\pw {]nb¡pw
3
4
aoäÀ dn_¬ thWw. )01 2
A\p-hnsâ ssIhiw 1 aoäÀ dn_Wpw {]nb- Mid Point or Center  ,
3   !
bpsS ssIhiw 3 aoäÀ dn_Wp-amWv DÅXv.
  45
Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw
3
aoäÀ dn_¬ Ah-cpsS ssIh- 67  ) 
4
i-apÅ dn_-Wn \n¶pw apdn-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶Xv
-) 0 )+ 
F§s\?
 ) 
 #8 4, 8, 16, ...
injvShpw `n¶hpw 9
2 tI¡v aq¶p t]À¡p Xpeyambn hoXn-¨-t¸mÄ
2
Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw Hcp tI¡nsâ `mKw In«p-¶p.
3
adn-¨m-bmtem?

3 tI¡v, 2 t]À¡v Xpeyambn F§s\ hoXn-¡pw.

BZyw Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw Hcp apgp-h³ tI¡v sImSp-¡mw. ]ns¶ an¨-

apÅ 1 tI¡v 2 `m-K-am¡n sImSp-¡mw.

1
At¸mÄ Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw 1 tI¡v.
2

5 tI¡m-sW-¦ntem?

79
 KWnXw
895 2 . %     , 2 1= , 
    
 

1
!." 6 1 6 2 .
2

> ., 4 9 4 ,  4 .,  45  %

2 .4 +

1 . 4 %   
  2 5 4 !." 6
 3 )01 
> 1 . 4 %     2 1 4
 #2

>  %? %? 4  #  ,

(Circle with Center and Radius,
@2 .  ." .+
Intersect Two Objects +6
 5, 3 :! 9  4  ? @2  A B4 2 /C 1
-); <* 7
!  2 4 % 4 .,     1 4
4  )
)  > 4 ., %2 .4 +
0 7

1
1 6 4
4
1
!." 6 1 .   8 2 4
4
20    1 D2  6 1.   3    1
C$   # +

20  3  ? @2  A B4 6 /C 2
!  6  %   3 C    2 
)  
 

>. 3 E    .4 +

2
1 .  % 
3
2
8 6 
3

F 8  #)- 5 .,  45  %2   1 .  

 '  #)- 7 + > # E$# 
  ,# . +

F 15 4 == 1.., 4 4 ,  #2  1

,  ' 4 == ?+ > 4# G4#
8 ,# . +

80
 KWnXw

F 30 .4  ,HE  8 .,  45  %2  1 . 

  ' .4  % 7 + > .4  
  8 '  ,# +

  
a\-¡W
- ¡v
2 # 3 E 
   
   1  $
" 1 26'( 62=  )5>
1
4
 5,
2

3
 '  ':  
<(; 5 26'( 6
3 # 2 E 
   
   1  $ 5?
1
 1
2
 '  E I   ':   " 1 26'( 62=  ) 5>
2
3

 895 4., 4 >

3 5, <(    ; 5 26'(
 ' ': 
 #
 ? (%  
 
  JJ3  
2
5?
?KK ' ). !  " 4 0'( =5/ 34 0'(
1
2
3
=1
1 5=+  ) 5@5;
2 2

> ., 4 5  2 E     !

*
5
.4 .  ':  
2

/ ,#L  5 4 ,  2 .,  45 

%2  1 . 
 
  ' 4 ,  7 +

5 1
=2
2 2

> ., 4 9  4 E     1 .   ' 

':  +

> E I 
   '=E M5 % 
  ': 
  .4 +

9 1
=2
4 4

!." 6   . 95 N 6     2 E    

1 . C$  ' # +

>." 6 ,#L E2 > ' :  +

6
= 3
2

81
 KWnXw

6  ?  45     6÷2 ' .G ':  

 ! 
 
 
6
= 6÷2=3
2
> .
 , 4
6
= 6÷3=2
3
6   6 E    .4 +
6
= 6÷6=1
6
5  5  ? @2 4 B4 1 .G !." 6
5
= 1
5
7
 '  ,2:  +
3
7  3  ? @2  B4 2 0 /C 1 0 8.G  >O
1
/C 3  ? @2  7  !." 6
3
7 1
= 2
3 3
> ., 4  %     1 . E M5.
'=E M
 5 E M
 5 . 3, ,2: 
 
 
17 17 17 17 17 16
,    
2 3 4 5 6 6

" 7     4 .,  45  %2  1 6

'    7 +

" 34 3,  4 .,  45   2  1 6 ' 3,

7 + > 3, ,E   '  ':  +

"

# E
   .PC  .C '% 4 . %   45 
 2 ./C  .C$ %@ '    ) 
%  .$  %  > # E$ %@
% '     ) %  .$  %

 


 KWnXw

$ NphsS X¶n-cn-¡p¶ ]«n-I-bn H¶m-as¯

Cu Nn{X-¯nse NphsS sImSp-¯n-
tImf-¯nse kwJy-IÄ¡v Xpey-amb kwJy-
cn-¡p¶ \nd-§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p¶ `n¶-
IÄ c­m-as¯ tImf-¯n {Iaw sXän-¨mWv kw-Jy-IÄ Fgp-Xp-I.
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. kwJy-Isf {Iaw icn-
bm¡n Fgp-Xp-I.
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
tImfw  tImfw 2 1234567890
1234567890
6 1
123456
123456 1234567890
 123456
123456
8 2 123456
123456
123456
123456
8 2 123456
123456
3 3 123456
123456
123456
123456
15 3 123456
4 4
12 16 1
8 10 4
12345
12345
12345
8 2 12345
2 12345
1234
5 3
1234
4 3 1234
6
3
4 1234

4
$ 1 aoäÀ \of-apÅ Hcp \mS-bn \n¶pw aoäÀ \of-apÅ Hcp \mS Af-s¶-Sp-¡m³
3
Ign-bptam? 4 aoäÀ \of- a pÅ \mS- b n \n¶pw CsX- § s\ Af- s ¶- S p¡pw? 2 aoäÀ
\of-apÅ Hcp \mS-bn \n¶pw CsX-§s\ Af-s¶-Sp¡pw?


 KWnXw

Xncnªp--t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ
F\n¡v So¨-dpsS C\nbpw
]T-\-t\-«-§Ä Ignbpw klm-b-t¯msS sa¨-s¸-tS
Ignbpw -­-Xp­v
1 2  %3 24
* - % &

1 5 # 6  +     2 
6  7* $%*
% &

1 ' 8   5 # 9)20

  5 #: 2  6
 7* $%* %
&

1 ,       6# !
3 7  6# ! 3
;< 2  6   
= - % &

1   2     6
0  '>( - %
&