TEMPERATURE INV WPS Office

TEMPERATURE INVERSION DEFINITION
-Temperature inversions occur when a layer of warm air traps cool air near the Earth’s surface. This is the
inverse of what normally happens. Most of the time, for example, the Earth’s surface is warm during the
day and air gets colder the higher you go.
A temperature inversion usually happens during the night when the ground temperature drops because
it’s no longer heated by the sun.
THERE ARE 4 TYPES TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS TO KNOW ABOUT:
•GROUND OR RADIATION INVERSION. The temperature inverses when the air near the ground is cooled
off more rapidly than the layer of air above it.
•TURBULENCE OR VERTICAL ADVECTION. Turbulence inversion happens when stagnant air lids turbulent
air. The turbulent layer transports heat downwards, cooling its upper layer (vertical mixing). But the layer
of static air is unmixed and thus so it’s warmer than below.
•SUBSIDENCE INVERSION. When a significant layer of air descends due to high pressure, it warms up
rapidly, and the air at lower altitudes remains colder.
•FRONTAL INVERSION. When warm and cold air current meets, cold air raises the warm air due to
differences in densities.
HOW DO TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS FORM?

-Depending on the type of inversion, there are different causes. Factors like the weather and geography
can all have an impact. Here’s a list explaining what causes different temperature inversions:
•RADIATION INVERSIONS happen when the ground is heated due to radiations from the sun during the
day and then cools off rapidly during the night. As a result, the air in contact with the ground also cools
down. If air temperature falls below its dew point, fog forms. The topography of the region plays a
significant role in this case.
•VERTICAL ADVECTION usually happens in valleys where air and sun’s radiations can travel vertically.
•SUBSIDENCE INVERSIONS are common in northern regions or subtropical oceans. They form due to high
air pressures and anti-cyclones.
•FRONTAL INVERSIONS occur in temperate zones where warm western winds converge with the cold
northern polar winds and give rise to anti-cyclonic conditions.
THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION

-Temperature inversion is an important contributor to cloud formation, fog, smog, lack of precipitation,
and visibility disruption. Here is how temperature inversions affect our environment:
•VISIBILITY: Cooler air gets trapped within a layer of warmer air, and the moisture condenses and forms
clouds called smog. But since these clouds cannot escape the level of inversion, they cause poor visibility
in that region.
•RAINFALL: Because the clouds cannot get high enough, there is no rain. This has adverse effects on the
agriculture industry.
•DIURNAL VARIATIONS: Temperature inversion also affects the usual fluctuations in temperature
throughout the day. Typically, the sun’s radiation heats the ground during the day. The heat energy
transfers to the air above the ground through convection and conduction. Due to the accumulation of cool
air in temperature-inverted areas, the heat transfer is minimal, and diurnal temperature variation is slight.
•THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOS: Inversions also cause intense thunderstorms and tornadoes because
of the energy trapped high up in the atmosphere.
•POLLUTION: Finally, smoke, dust, and pollutant particles get trapped in the troposphere, and they can
react with each other to form chemicals that are hazardous when inhaled, like smog.
GLOBAL WARMING
-Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. These shifts may be
natural, but since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due
to the burning of fossil fuels (like coal, oil and gas), which produces heat-trapping gases.
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
-The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from
losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature. Surface heating can happen from an internal heat
source as in the case of Jupiter, or from its host star as in the case of the Earth.
CLIMATE CHANGE
- Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Such shifts can be
natural, due to changes in the sun’s activity or large volcanic eruptions. But since the 1800s, human
activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,
oil and gas.
GREEN HOUSE GASES
-Greenhouse gases are the gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as
the Earth. What distinguishes them from other gases is that they absorb the wavelengths of radiation that
a planet emits, resulting in the greenhouse effect.
PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT(8749)-AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
•Carbon dioxide (CO2)-Earth's most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates heat.
Unlike oxygen or nitrogen (which make up most of our atmosphere), greenhouse gases absorb heat
radiating from the Earth's surface and re-release it in all directions—including back toward Earth's surface.
•Methane (CH4)-Methane is also a powerful greenhouse gas. Over a 20-year period, it is 80 times more
potent at warming than carbon dioxide. Methane has accounted for roughly 30 per cent of global warming
since pre-industrial times and is proliferating faster than at any other time since record keeping began in
the 1980s.
•Nitrous oxide (N2O)-greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Human activities such as
agriculture, fuel combustion, wastewater management, and industrial processes are increasing the
amount of N2O in the atmosphere.
•flourinated gases:
-the most potent and longest lasting type of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities.
*Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
*Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
*Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
*Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
KYOTO PROTOCOL
-In short, the Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse
gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.
- the protocol was initially adopted on December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. And entered into force on
February 16, 2005.
- the first major international agreement towards GHGE reduction.
- industrial countries agreed to reduce reduction of the 6 Green house gases baskets to 5.2% below 1990
levels between 2008-2012.
*Carbon dioxide (CO2)
*Methane (CH4)
*Nitrous oxide (N2O)
*Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
*Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
*Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
- mechanisms to reduce the cost of meeting the above target.
- International Emissions Trading (article 17)
-allows trading the trading of assigned amounts within or among the Industrialized countries to meet
quantified emission limitation or reduction of commitment-
- "Emission Trading" - or the selling excess allowable emission of carbon dioxide of a country to another
country that is still behind it's target reduction of GHG emission.

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TEMPERATURE INVERSION DEFINITION

THERE ARE 4 TYPES TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS TO KNOW ABOUT:

HOW DO TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS FORM?

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION

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