Worksheet

WORKSHEET I
1. Let x[n] be a signal with x[n] = 0 for n < -2 and n > 4. For each signal given below,
determine the values of n for which it is guaranteed to be zero.
a. x[n - 3]
b. x[n + 4]
ANS
a. x[n - 3]=0 for n < -2+3=1 and n > 4+3=7, as x[n] is shifted by 3 to the right.
b. x[n + 4] =0 for n < -2-4=-6 and n > 4-4=0, as x[n] is shifted by 4 to the left
2. Let x(t) be a signal with x(t) = 0 for t < 3. For the signal given below, determine the value
of t for which it is guaranteed to be zero.
a. x(1 - t)
ANS
a. x(1 - t)=0 for t>-2, X(t) is first flipped and shifted by one to the right
3. A continuous-time signal x(t) is shown in the Figure below. Sketch and label carefully
each of the following signals:
a. x(t- 1)
b. x(2- t)
c. x(2t + 1)
d. x(4-t/2)
e. [x(t) + x(-t)]u(t)
ANS:
4. A discrete-time signal is shown in the Figure below. Sketch and label carefully each of
the following signals:
a. x[n- 4]
b. x[3n + 1]
c. x[3n]
d. x[3 - n]
e. x[n]u[3 - n]
ANS
5. For the following input-output relationships, determine whether the corresponding
system is linear, time invariant or both.
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 𝒙(𝒕 − 𝟏)
ANS
Consider an arbitrary input x1(t) and x2(t)
𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔
𝒙𝟏 (𝒕) → 𝒚𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 𝒙𝟏 (𝒕 − 𝟏)
𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔
𝒙𝟐 (𝒕) → 𝒚𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 𝒙𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝟏)
If x3(t) is
𝒙𝟑 (𝒕) = 𝒂𝒙𝟏 (𝒕) + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 (𝒕)
Corresponding out of x3(t) will be
y 3 (t )  t 2 x3 (t  1)
 t 2 ( ax1 (t  1)  bx 2 (t  1))
 at 2 x1 (t  1)  bt 2 x 2 (t  1)
 ay1 (t )  by 2 (t )
Therefore, the system is linear
For time invariant,
Given
𝒚𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 𝒙𝟏 (𝒕 − 𝟏)
Consider a second input
𝑥2 (𝑡) = 𝑥1 (𝑡 − 𝑡0 )
Therefore
y 2 (t )  y1 (t  t 0 )...for time invariant
y 2 (t )  t 2 x 2 (t  1)
 t 2 x1 (t  1  t 0 )
y1 (t  t 0 )  (t  t 0 ) 2 x1 (t  1  t 0 )
y 2 (t )  y1 (t  t 0 )

time varient
6. Compute y(n)=x(n)*h(n) for the following
 1, 3  n  8
x ( n)  
0, otherwise
1, 4  n  15
h( n)  
0, otherwise
 
y ( n)  x ( n) * h( n)   x ( k ) h( n  k )  h( n) * x ( n)   h( n) x ( n  k )
 
 x(3)h(n  3)  x(4)h(n  4)  x(5)h(n  5)  x(6)h(n  6)  x(7)h(n  7)  x(8)h(n  8)

 n  6, 7  n  11
 6, 12  n  18

y ( n)  
24  n, 19  n  23
 0, otherwise
7. Find the impulse response of a system specified by the equation
̇ =1
(𝐷2 + 4𝐷 + 3)𝑦(𝑡) = (𝐷 + 5)𝑥(𝑡) for 𝑦𝑛 (0) = 0 & 𝑦𝑛 (0)
ANS
The characteristics roots is:
𝜆2 + 4𝜆 + 3 = 0
(𝜆 + 1)(𝜆 + 3) = 0
𝜆1 = −1, 𝜆2 = −3
The characteristics equation is:
𝑦𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −3𝑡
̇ = −𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑡 − 3𝐶2 𝑒 −3𝑡
𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)
̇ =1
For t=0 and 𝑦𝑛 (0) = 0 & 𝑦𝑛 (0)
0 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2
1 = −𝐶1 − 3𝐶2
Therefore
1 1
𝐶1 = & 𝐶2 = −
2 2

1 −𝑡 1 −3𝑡
𝑦𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝑒 − 𝑒
2 2
The impulse response h(t) is given as:
ℎ(𝑡) = [𝑃(𝐷)𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)… Remember from equation 2.2 you’re your handout Q(D)y(t) =
P(D)x(t)
ℎ(𝑡) = [(𝐷 + 5)𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)
̇ + 5𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)
ℎ(𝑡) = [𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)
ℎ(𝑡) = (2𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)
8. Find the impulse response of a system specified by the equation
̇ =1
(𝐷2 + 5𝐷 + 6)𝑦(𝑡) = ((𝐷2 + 7𝐷 + 11)𝑥(𝑡) for 𝑦𝑛 (0) = 0 & 𝑦𝑛 (0)
ANS
The characteristics roots is:
𝜆2 + 5𝜆 + 6 = 0
(𝜆 + 2)(𝜆 + 3) = 0
𝜆1 = −2, 𝜆2 = −3
𝑦𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −3𝑡
̇ = −2𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑡 − 3𝐶2 𝑒 −3𝑡

𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)
̇ =1
For t=0 and 𝑦𝑛 (0) = 0 & 𝑦𝑛 (0)
0 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2
1 = −2𝐶1 − 3𝐶2
Therefore
𝐶1 = 1 & 𝐶2 = −1

𝑦𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡
The impulse response h(t) is given as:
ℎ(𝑡) = [𝑃(𝐷)𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)… Remember from equation 2.2 you’re your handout Q(D)y(t) =
P(D)x(t)
ℎ(𝑡) = [((𝐷2 + 7𝐷 + 11)𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)
ℎ(𝑡) = [𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)̈ + 𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)

̇ + 5𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)
ℎ(𝑡) = (𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)
Because, Q(D) and P(D) has the same order 𝛿(𝑡) is added
ℎ(𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡) + (𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)

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WORKSHEET I

 x(3)h(n  3)  x(4)h(n  4)  x(5)h(n  5)  x(6)h(n  6)  x(7)h(n  7)  x(8)h(n  8)

7. Find the impulse response of a system specified by the equation

The characteristics roots is:

The characteristics equation is:

ℎ(𝑡) = [(𝐷 + 5)𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)

ℎ(𝑡) = (2𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)

8. Find the impulse response of a system specified by the equation

The characteristics roots is:

̇ = −2𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑡 − 3𝐶2 𝑒 −3𝑡

The characteristics equation is:

ℎ(𝑡) = [((𝐷2 + 7𝐷 + 11)𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)]𝑢(𝑡)

ℎ(𝑡) = [𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)̈ + 𝑦𝑛 (𝑡)

ℎ(𝑡) = (𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)

ℎ(𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡) + (𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)

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