INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON

IoT
REPORT
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE GRADUATE OF THE DEGREE
OF
DIPLOMA COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
IN
APPROVED BY DOTE TAMILNADU
AND AICTE

Submitted by:

LAKSHAN.M
(21501701)
SANKARA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
Approved by DOTE, Tamilnadu and AICTE, New Delhi
Saravanampatty,Coimbatore-641035
 DECLARATION
I LAKSHAN M, here by declare that the work presented in this internship report has been
carried out by me after the completion of two month work at ENTHUS TECHNOLOGY
SOLUTION INDIA PVT.. LTD. I also confirm that the report only prepared for my
academic requirement, not for any other purpose. It might not be used with the interest of the
opposite party of the corporation.

LAKSHAN.M
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The internship opportunity I had with ENTHU TECHNOLOGY was a great chance for
learning and professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky
individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for
having a chance to meet so many wonderful people and professionals who led me though this
internship period. Bearing in mind previous am using this opportunity to express my deepest
gratitude and special thanks to the founder of ENTHU TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION INDIA
PVT..LTD WHO in spite of being extraordinarily busy with his duties, took time out to hear,
guide and allowing me to carry out my project at their esteemed organization and extending
during the training. I express my deepest thanks to Founders for taking part in useful
decision & giving necessary advices and guidance and arranged all facilities to make life
easier. I perceive as this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will
strive to use gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way, and I will continue to
order to attain desired career objectives. hope to continue work on their improvement,
cooperation with all of you in the future,

Sincerely,
 COMPANY PROFILE
Enthus technology solutions india pvt ltd is a next-generation technology company that
helps enterprises, start-ups re imagine their businesses for the digitally connected age. As an
agile enabled company, we deliver the best in class products, end to end solutions, and
services in iot and pcb domain.
As a b2b player, we offer product development, consultancy services, and end to end IoT
solutions development for smart city, agriculture, smart home & infrastructure, connected
vehicles, and industrial automation verticals. We at Enthus tech offer the best in class quality
for product design, product prototype, and pcb assembly & manufacturing services. We help
startups to establish best in quality pcb manufacturing facilities.
As a future-thinking organization, we offer akvodrops tm- smart water metering solution for
apartments, commercial buildings, and industries to save the most valuable thing in this
world: water.
Enthus technology solutions india pvt. Ltd. Is formed by a group of young professionals in
the year 2007 and incorporated as a private limited company in 2015.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TOPIC PAGE

1. Introduction 1

2. ETS IOT WDM board 6

3. LED ON & OFF Program 9

4. OLED Display 11

5. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor 13

6. THINGSPEAK 15

7. LM35 Temperature Sensor 17

8. IR Sensor & SG90 Servo Motor 19

9. IOT MQTT PANEL 23

10. SHT31 Sensor 24

11. LoRa 26

12. LoRa Wan Encryption 31

13. MCCI LoRa Wan 34

14. SHT31 Temperature Sensor 35

15. SaaS Software 37

 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure No TOPIC PAGE

Figure 1 IoT(Internet of Things) 1
Figure2 WDM board 6
Figure 3 Turn ON & OFF LED using 10
WDM board
Figure 4 OLED Display 12
Figure 5 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor 13
Figure 6 THINGSPEAK Architecture 15
Figure 7 LM35 Temperature Sensor 17
Figure 8 IR Sensor 19
Figure 9 IR Sensor Working 20
Figure 10 SG90 Servo Motor 21
Figure 11 SHT31 Sensor 24
Figure 12 LoRa 26
Figure 13 Things Network Server 28
Figure 14 LoRa Wan Gateways 29
Figure 15 LoRa Wan classes 29
Figure 16 LoRa Wan Encryption 30
Figure 17 Propagation Through Reflection 31

Figure 18 propagation Through Diffraction 32

Figure 19 Keys 32
Figure 20 SHT31 Temperature Sensor 34
Figure 21 SaaS Software 36
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE No TOPIC PAGE

Table 1 Turn ON & OFF LED using 9
WDM board
Table 2 OLED Display 11

Table 3 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor 13

Table 4 SG90 Servo Motor 21

 INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS INTERNET OF THINGS:

The Internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects (or groups of such objects)
with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange
data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.
Internet of things has been considered a misnomer because devices do not need to be
connected to the public internet, they only need to be connected to a network and be
individually addressable.
The field has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous
computing, commodity sensors, increasingly powerful embedded systems, and machine
learning. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control
systems, automation (including home and building automation), independently and
collectively enable the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IoT technology is most
synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of the "smart home", including devices
and appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems, cameras, and
other home appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled
via devices associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers. IoT is
also used in healthcare systems.
There are number of concerns about the risks in the growth of IoT technologies and products,
especially in the areas of privacy and security, and consequently, industry and governmental
moves to address these concerns have begun, including the development of international and
local standards, guidelines, and regulatory frameworks.

1
Embedded system:
An embedded system is a computer system. A combination of a computer processor,
computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices that has a dedicated function within a
larger mechanical or electronic system. It is embedded as part of a complete device often
including electrical or electronic hardware and mechanical parts. Because an embedded
system typically controls.
Physical operation of the machine that it is embedded within, it often has real-time computing
constraints. The Embedded systems can control many devices with the help of micro
controller.
In every embedded system can processor with Micro controller. Modern embedded systems
are often based on microcontrollers microprocessors with integrated memory and peripheral
interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors (using external chips for memory and peripheral
interface circuits) are also common, especially in more complex systems. In either case, the
processor(s) used may be types ranging from general purpose to those specialized in a certain
class of computations, or even custom designed for the application at hand. A common
standard class of dedicated processors is the digital signal processor (DSP). Embedded
systems range in size from portable personal devices such as digital watches and MP3
players to bigger machines like home appliances, industrial assembly lines, robots, transport
vehicles, traffic light controllers, and medical imaging systems. Often they constitute
subsystems of other machines like avionics in aircraft in spacecraft. Large installations
like factories, pipelines and electrical grids rely on multiple embedded systems networked
together. Generalized through software customization, embedded systems such
as programmable logic controllers frequently comprise their functional units.
Embedded systems range from those low in complexity , with a single microcontroller chip ,
to very high with multiple units , peripherals and networks , which may reside in equipment
racks or across large geographical areas connected via long-distance communications lines.

2
Types of Embedded system:
1.Real-time Embedded system.
Real-time Embedded system is classified into two types:
*Soft Real-Embedded system.
*Hard Real-Embedded system.
2.Stand alone Embedded system.
3.Networked Embedded system.
4.Mobile Embedded system.

Embedded system is based on performance and Micro controller it is

divided into 3 types as:
1.Small Scale Embedded system.
2.Medium Scale Embedded system.
3.Compleex Embedded system.

M ICRO PROCESSOR:
A microprocessor is a computer processor. Microprocessor is a part of embedded system.
Where the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a
small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic logic unit
and control unit circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer’s central processing
unit. The integrated circuit is capable of interpreting and executing. Microprocessor is a
multipurpose, clock-driven, register-based, digital integrated circuit that accepts binary data
as a input. Microprocessor contain both combinational logic and sequential digital logic, and
operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary number system.

3
M ICRO CONTROLLER:
A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit) is a small computer on a
single VLSI integrated circuit (IC) chip. A microcontroller contains one or
more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and
programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of ferroelectric
RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a small amount
of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to
the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications
consisting of various discrete chips. The die from an Intel 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that
includes a CPU running at 12 MHz, 128 bytes of RAM, 2048 bytes of EPROM, and I/O in
the same chip Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices,
such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls,
office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems.

4
1.ADC-ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER.
2.RTC-REAL TIME CLOCK.
3.GPIO-GENERAL PURPOSE INPUTOUTPUT.
*GPIO is a programmable digital pin that allows you to implement either input or output.
4.DAC-DIGITAL TO ANALOGUUE CONVERTER.
*(DAC) It performs the reverse function.
*It converts a Digital signal into an Analog signal.
5.UART-UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECIEVER TRANSMITTER.
*one to one communication it may be full duplex or half duplex.
6.IIC/I2C-INTER INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
*IIC is communicate with 1 to 1 computer.
*I2C communicate with multiple computer but half duplex communication.
7.SPI-SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE.
*It is another communication protocol.
*Full duplex communication and multiple device communication.
8.MEMORY.
*It build ram and rom available in microcontroller.
RAM:
*(Ram) is a random access memory. It was temporary memory and it is volatile memory.
ROM:
*(Rom) is a read only memory . It was permanent memory and it is non-volatile memory.
8.ATMEGA 328 MICRO CONTROLLER.
*It is 8 bit microcontroller.

5
(ETS IOT WDM BOARD-Earth Technical Session Internet Of
Things Wireless Development Module):

WHAT IS WDM?
WDM is the Wireless Development Module suitable to comple your Proof of Concept in
faster way. It supports Multiple Wireless Communication Protocol.

• Bluetooth Classic.
• Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE ver 4.2).
• Wi-fi.
• LoRa.
• LoRaWAN.

I2C:
*SDA (Serial Data Line)
*SCL (Serial Clock Line).

SPI:
*4 wire communication.

SHT31:
Temperature & humidity sensor it built with board.

FEATURES :
• LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A.
• LoRaWAN Activation Method Support: ABP & OTAA.
• Low power consumption.
• Suitable to Interface Different Sensors.
• Onboard SHT31 – Temperature and Humidity Sensor.
• Bands: IN865.
• Arduino Programmable.

6
 • LMIC Library Compatible.
• Option for Battery Powered Device (3.7V - 18650 rechargeable
lithium Polymer battery) – Not Included in the Pack.
• Onboard Battery Recharge option.

BOARD SPECIFICATIONS :
• CPU: Xtensa dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessor, up to 240MHz
• ROM: 448KB for booting and core functions
• SRAM: 520KB for booting and instructions
• SRAM: 16 KB in RTC
• SPI Flash: 4MB
• Ultra-Low Power (ULP) Co-processor
• Onboard Temperature Sensing (typ., -40°C to 90°C with Accuracy
0.3 °C)
• Onboard Humidity Sensing (typ., 0%RH to 100%RH with Accuracy
2%RH)
• Onboard LED: 1xRED
• Baud rate configurable
• 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi
• Bluetooth Classic and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in the 2.4GHz
band
• General ISM < 1GHz LoRa™ Transceiver 868MHz Surface Mount
• Onboard Antenna for Wi-fi & Bluetooth
• Open source software

LORA SPECIFICATION:
• LoRa Chip: RF96.
• Data Rate: 300kbps.
• Power Output: 20dBm.
• Sensitivity: -148dBm.
• Current Transmitting: 120mA.
• Operating Temperature: -20°C ~ 70°C.
• RF Family/Standard: General ISM < 1GHz.
• Protocol: LoRa™.
• Modulation: FSK, GFSK, GMSK, MSK, OOK.
• Frequency: 865-867 MHz.
• Antenna Type - External Antenna via SMA / I-Pex connector.
• Supply Voltage: 1.8V ~ 3.7V.
• Receiving Current: 12.1mA.
• Transmitting Current: 120mA.
• Operating Temperature: -20°C ~ 70°C.

7
 WI-FI:
• 802.11b/g/n.
• Bit rate: 802.11n up to 150 Mbps.
• A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregation.
• 0.4 µs guard interval support.
• Center frequency range of operating channel: 2412 ~ 2484 MHz.

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION:
• Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE specification.
• Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmitter.
• Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH).

COMMON DC CHARACTERISTICS :
• Supply Voltage: 5 V.
• Operating Voltage: 3.0 - 3.6 V.
• Minimum current delivered by power supply: 500 mA.
• Battery Voltage: 3.7 V Li-Poly.
• operating temperature range: – 40 °C ~ 85 °C.
• Wake up from GPIO interrupt, timer, ADC measurements.

APPLICATIONS:
• Home Automation.
• Smart Building.
• Industrial Automation.
• Smart Agriculture.

8
 LED ON OFF PROGRAM
*Open Arduino ide.
*Type the program -> save->verify->Press Boot reset and release reset boot->upload the
program.
*Click serial monitor->press reset->output will be display.
*Connect LED in bread board.
*To connect LED positive jumper cable in 1026 pin in the WDM Board.
*To connect LED negative e jumper cable in (GND)ground pin in the WDM Board.

Hardware Required:
ITEM QUANTITY

Bread Board 1
Jumper wire 1
LED 1
Resistor 1
WDM Board 1

USB Cable 1
Button 1

LEDs are small, powerful lights that are used in many different applications. To start, we will
work on blinking an LED, the Hello World of microcontrollers. It is as simple as turning a
light on and off. Establishing this important baseline will give you a solid foundation as we
work towards experiments that are more complex.

LED ON OFF PROGRAM :

*Connect the LED in the Breadboard and connect the LED positive in the WDM Board 1026
pin with the help of jumper wire.

9
*Connect the LED negative in the WDM Board GND(Ground) pin with the help of jumper
wire.
*Connect the button in the breadboard
.
*Take resistor one point connect near button vertical side and Take another side point
connect in the breadboard near LED.

*Totally 3 jumper wires 1st wire is power, 2nd wire is control, 3rd wire is GND(ground) to
connect in the WDM Board.

*Take the resistor one point to connect in the GND(ground).

Power wire – 5V
Control - 1034
Wire - GND

10
 OLED DISPLAY
The OLED stands for Organic Light-Emitting Diode a technology that uses
LEDs in which the light is produced by organic molecules. OLEDs enable emissive displays -
which means that each pixel is controlled individually and emitts its own light.

*How to use OLED display with Arduino ide.

*How to display text, number on OLED.
*How to vertical and horizontal center align text, number on OLED.
*How to draw on OLED.
*How to display image on OLED.

Components Required:
ITEM QUANTITY
WDM Board 1
USB Cable 1
OLED Display 1

I2C OLED DISPLAY PINOUT:

*GND pin: Should be connected to the ground of Arduino ide.
*VCC pin: Is the power supply for the display which we connect the 5 volts pin on the
Arduino ide.
*SCL pin: Is a serial clock pin for I2c interface.
*SDA pin: Is a serial data pin for I2c interface.

WORKING
When the voltage is applied to the OLED. The current flows from the cathode to
anode through the organic layers of the OLED. The cathode gives the electrons to the
emissive layer of organic molecules and the anode removes electrons from the conductive
layer of organic molecules.
At the boundary between the conductive and emissive layer, electron holes are created. These
holes are filled by the electrons and the OLED emits light. The color of the OLED depends
upon the organic molecules used.

11
HOW TO RUN OLED DISPLAY:
*On Arduino Ide, Go to Tools->Manage Libraries.
*Search “SSD1306”, then find the SSD1306 library by Adafruit. Click Install button and
Install it.
*OLED board connect the wire to WDM BOARD
*1st pin SCL,SDA connect, 2nd pin connect in GND, 3rd pin VCC connect to 3vUpload the
program and display the screen.

12
 ULTRA SONIC SENSOR

*Ultrasonic sensors can detect the movement of targets and measure the distance to them in
many automated factories and process plants.
*Sensors can have an on or off digital output for detecting the movement of objects, or an
analog output proportional to distance.
*They can sense the edge of the material as part of a web guiding system.
*Ultrasound can also be used to make point-to-point distance measurements by transmitting
and receiving discrete bursts of ultrasound between transducers.
*Ultrasonic sensors are widely used in cars as parking sensors to aid the driver in reversing
into parking spaces.
*Humidity has negligible influence on the speed of sound at room temperature and at lower
temperatures.
*However, at higher air temperatures, the speed of sound increases as humidity increases.

Hardware Required:
ITEM QUANTITY
WDM Board 1
USB Cable 1
Ultra sonic sensor 1
Jumper wire 1

13
The Ultrasonic sensor has four terminals - +5V, Trigger, Echo, and GND connected as
follows −

 Connect the +5V pin to +5v on your Arduino board.

 Connect Trigger to digital pin 7 on your Arduino board.
 Connect Echo to digital pin 6 on your Arduino board.
 Connect GND with GND on Arduino.

Check the temperature to connect WDM Board ultrasonic sensor. The program will correct
output was displayed to check the temperature increase temperature and down the
temperature for this ultrasonic sensor.

14
 ThingSpeak
Thingspeak is a web platform.

About ThingSpeak:
*ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate, visualize, and
analyze live data streams in the cloud.
*You can send data to ThingSpeak™ from your devices, create instant visualizations of live
data, and send alerts using web services like Twitter® and Twilio®.
*With MATLAB® analytics inside ThingSpeak, you can write and execute MATLAB code to
perform preprocessing, visualizations, and analyses.
*ThingSpeak enables engineers and scientists to prototype and build IoT systems without
setting up servers or developing web software.

*Easily configure devices to send data to ThingSpeak using popular IoT protocols.

*Visualize your sensor data in real-time.

*Aggregate data on-demand from third-party sources.

*Use the power of MATLAB to make sense of your IoT data.

*Run your IoT analytics automatically based on schedules or events.

*Prototype and build IoT systems without setting up servers or developing web software.

*Automatically act on your data and communicate using third-party services like Twilio® or
Twitter®.

Setup ThingSpeak :
*Create a free MathWorks account or sign into ThingSpeak using an existing account.

15
*Select the ThingSpeak channel you want your data to stream into. See Collect Data in a
New Channel for help creating a new channel.
*Record the following for the selected channel:

 Channel ID, which is listed at the top of the channel view.

 Write API key, which can be found on the API Keys tab of your channel
view.

Create Integration on The Things Network:

*In The Things Network Console, go to your application and click on Integrations > add an
integration > ThingSpeak.
*Enter your write API key in the Authorization field and your channel ID in the Channel ID
field.

Creating a Channel on ThingSpeak:

First of all, it is necessary to create a channel on ThingSpeak.com to which the data can be
uploaded. To do this, navigate to www.thingspeak.com in your web browser and Sign
Up with a new account or with an existing MathWorks account. You can then Create a
Channel, give your channel a name such as "Arduino Channel" and a description, such as
"Light and temperature values from my environment". Tick the boxes next to Field 1 and
Field 2, naming them "Light" and "Temperature" respectively. The rest of the fields are
optional and example information is found in Channel Settings on the same page. Hit save
channel, and you will be taken to the current view of your new channel. Go to the API
Keys tab and find your Write API Key. You will need to insert this into the sketch in order
to write to your channel.

16
 LM35 Temperature Sensor

LM35 Temperature Sensor

LM35 is an integrated analog temperature sensor whose electrical output is proportional to

Degree Centigrade. LM35 Sensor does not require any external calibration or trimming to
provide typical accuracies.The LM35 Linear Temperature Sensor module is based on the
semiconductor LM35 temperature sensor. The LM35 Linear Temperature Sensor module can
be used to detect ambient air temperature. This sensor is produced by National
Semiconductor Corporation and offers a functional range between -40 degree Celsius to 150
degree Celsius. Sensitivity is 10mV per degree Celsius.

The output voltage is proportional to the temperature. It is commonly used as a temperature

measurement sensors. It includes thermocouples, platinum resistance, thermal resistance and
temperature semiconductor chips, which commonly used in high temperature measurement
thermocouples. Platinum resistance temperature used in the measurement of 800 degrees
Celsius, while the thermal resistance and semiconductor temperature sensor suitable for
measuring the temperature of 100-200 degrees or below, in which the application of a simple
semiconductor temperature sensor has good linearity and high sensitivity. The LM35 linear
temperature sensor and sensor-specific expansion of Arduino board, in combination, can be
very easy to achieve.

LM35 Sensor Output

 LM35 is three terminal linear temperature sensor from National semiconductors.

17
  It can measure temperature from -55 degree Celsius to +150 degree Celsius.

 The voltage output of the LM35 increases 10mV per degree Celsius rise in
temperature.

Use for LM35 sensor

The LM35 temperature sensor uses the basic principle of a diode to measure known
temperature value. As we all know from semiconductor physics, as the temperature increases
the voltage across a diode increases at a known rate

Features
 Based on the semiconductor LM35 temperature sensor
 Can be used to detect ambient air temperature

Specification
 Type: Analog
 Sensitivity: 10mV per degree Celcius

Functional range: -40 degree Celsius to 150 degree Celsius

LM35 is a temperature sensor that outputs an analog signal which is proportional to the
instantaneous temperature. The output voltage can easily be interpreted to obtain a
temperature reading in Celsius. LM35 can measure from -55 degrees centigrade to 150-
degree centigrade.
LM35 can be used in two circuit configurations. Both yield different results. In the first
configuration, you can only measure the positive temperature from 2 degrees Celsius to 150
degrees Celsius. In this first configuration, we simply power lm35 and connect the output
directly to analog to digital converters. In the second configuration, we can utilize all the
sensor resources and can measure the full range temperature from -55 degree centigrade to
150-degree centigrade.

18
 IR Proximity Sensor

*These sensors are good for detection between 100cm-500cm (1-5 meters / 3-15 feet). The
long range makes them a good alternative to sonar sensors.

* Active infrared sensors work with radar technology and they both emit and receive
infrared radiation.

*This radiation hits the objects nearby and bounces back to the receiver of the device.

*Through this technology, the sensor can not only detect movement in an environment but
also how far the object is from the device.

What is an IR Sensor?

IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense some object of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiation.
These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, but infrared sensor can detect these
radiations.

The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR
photodiode . Photodiode is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength which is emitted by the
IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output voltages will
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

Types of IR Sensor

There are two types of IR sensors are available and they are,

 Active Infrared Sensor.

 Passive Infrared Sensor.

IR Sensor Working

19
There are different types of infrared transmitters depending on their wavelengths, output power
and response time. An IR sensor consists of an IR LED and an IR Photodiode, together they are
called as PhotoCoupler or OptoCoupler.

Types of IR Sensor

There are two types of IR sensors are available and they are,

 Active Infrared Sensor.

 Passive Infrared Sensor.

Servo Motor

20
Micro Servo Motor SG90 is a tiny and lightweight server motor with high output power.
Servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in each direction), and works just like the
standard kinds but smaller. You can use any servo code, hardware or library to control these
servos

*Unlike other motors, servos have a limited range of rotation, usually half way around a
circle (180 degrees).

* A servo can be told at what angle to turn to so movements can be controlled by the user.

*The Servo Library is a great library for controlling servo motors. In this article, you will
find two easy examples that can be used by any Arduino board.

*The first example controls the position of a RC (hobby) servo motor with your Arduino
and a potentiometer. The second example sweeps the shaft of a RC servo motor back and
forth across 180 degrees.

Hardware Required

ITEM QUANTITY

WDM Board 1
USB Cable 1
IR Sensor 1
Servo motor 1
Jumber wire 3

Procedure

21
  For the Knob example, wire the potentiometer so that its two outer pins are
connected to power (+5V) and ground, and its middle pin is connected to on the
board.

 Then, connect the servo motor to +5V, GND and pin 9.

 Servo motors have three wires: power, ground, and signal. The power wire is
typically red, and should be connected to the 5V pin on the Arduino board.

 The ground wire is typically black or brown and should be connected to a ground
pin on the board.

 The signal pin is typically yellow or orange and should be connected to PWM pin
on the board. In these examples, it is pin number 9.

Features:
Weight: 9 g
Dimension: 22.2 x 11.8 x 31 mm approx.
Stall torque: 1.8 kgf·cm
Operating speed: 0.1 s/60 degree
Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V)
Dead band width: 10 µs
Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC

IoT MQTT Panel

22
  Create account in MQTT Panel
 Firstly we have to create an account in CloudMQTT.
 Enter your email ID at “Create account”, then click on Sign up.
 CloudMQTT server will send you the verification mail to the provided email
address.
 Login into your email ID, Open the Confirm email which is sent by
CloudMQTT and Click on Confirm email icon.
 Enter the Password to your CloudMQTT account (according to your wish),
Confirm the password, select :Yes” option for agreement and consent and
click on “Submit” icon.
 Click on “Create new instance” (which is present on top right side of the
browser).
 Enter “Name” for instance to create, example: CloudMQTT.
 Click on “Select Region” and next click on “confirm”.
 Then click on “Create instance” to complete the instance creation.
 After the creation of new instance, we need to note down the instance Name,
Server, User, Password and Port details.

 Setting up Mobile App – MQTT

 Install MQTT Dash application in your Mobile from Play Store.

 Click “+” icon which is located on top right side of the app.
 Add the credentials of created instance (Which you have note down from
www.cloudmqtt.com created account) to app and click on save icon (which
located on top right corner of the app).
 Click on the added instance ex: CloudMQTT, then pop-up window will
appear.
 Click on “+” icon (which is located on top right side of the app).
 “Choose type” as “Switch/button” then pop-up window will appear.
 Create a Button with the user selected name and Topic(sub) as
“esp8266/led_control”.
 Check the output by clicking on the created Button icon in app and operation
of the LED will be controlled by Button icon.

SHT31 Sensor

23
Grove - Temp&Humi Sensor(SHT31) is a highly reliable, accurate, quick response and
integrated temperature & humidity sensor. The sensor(chip) used in the module is designed
with Sensirion's CMOSens® technology. The chip is well calibrated, linearized and
compensated for digital output.
The typical accuracy of this module can be ±2%RH (for relative humidity) and ±0.3°C (for
temperature). This module is compatible with 3.3 Volts and 5 Volts and hence does not
require a voltage level shifter. This module communicates using with I2C serial bus and can
work up to 1 MHz speed. We also have provided a highly abstracted library to make this
product more easier to use.
Using the sensor is easy. For Seeeduino (compliant with Arduino), just connect this breakout
board with the main control board via Grove cable. Then use the provided library and
example/demo code available at GitHub to get your data. If you're using an Arduino without
a Base Shield, simply connect the VIN pin to the 5V voltage pin, GND to ground, SCL to
I2C Clock (Analog 5) and SDA to I2C Data (Analog 4).

Features:
Highly reliable, accurate and quick response time
Grove compatible and easy to use
Well calibrated, linearized, compensated for digital output
Highly abstracted development library
I2C Address 0x44

24
Specifications:
Input voltage (VCC)-3.3 volts or 5 volts
I/O Logic Level-3.3 volts or 5 volts based on VCC
Operating Current-100 μA
Operating Temperature -40–125 ℃
Temperature Sensor Range-40–125 ℃, with ±0.3°C accuracy
Humidity Sensor Range-0% - 100%(Relative Humidity), with ±2% accuracy
Sensor Chip-SHT31(Datasheet)
Port-I2C
Weight 4 g (for breakout board), 9 g for whole package each piece
Dimensions-40(length)×20(width) mm

25
 LoRa-Long Range Radio
LoRa (from "long range") is a physical proprietary radio communication technique. It is
based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS)
technology. It was developed by Cycleo (patent 9647718-B2), a company of Grenoble,
France, later acquired by Semtech.
LoRaWAN defines the software communication protocol and system architecture.
The continued development of the LoRaWAN protocol is managed by the open, non-
profit LoRa Alliance, of which SemTech is a founding member.
Together, LoRa and LoRaWAN define a Low Power, Wide Area (LPWA)
networking protocol designed to wirelessly connect battery operated devices to the
internet in regional, national or global networks, and targets key Internet of
things (IoT) requirements such as bi-directional communication, end-to-end security,
mobility and localization services.
The low power, low bit rate, and IoT use distinguish this type of network from
a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data,
using more power.
The LoRaWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel.

THING NETWORK SERVER

26
 The Things Stack is a LoRaWAN Network Server which is the
critical component for any LoRaWAN solution. Used by thousands
of companies and developers around the world, it securely manages
applications, end devices and gateways and is built by The Things
Industries.

The Network Server manages gateways, end-devices, applications, and users in the entire
LoRaWAN network.

A typical LoRaWAN Network Server has the following features.

o Establishing secure 128-bit AES connections for the transport of messages between
end-devices and the Application Server (end-to-end security).
o Validating the authenticity of end devices and integrity of messages.
o Deduplicating uplink messages.
o Selecting the best gateway for routing downlink messages.
o Sending ADR commands to optimize the data rate of devices.
o Device address checking.
o Providing acknowledgements of confirmed uplink data messages.
o Forwarding uplink application payloads to the appropriate application servers
o Routing uplink application payloads to the appropriate Application Server.
o Forwarding Join-request and Join-accept messages between the devices and the join
server
o Responding to all MAC layer commands

How does The Things Network work?

27
Each Router is connected to one or more Brokers. Brokers are the central part of The
Things Network. Their responsibility is to map a device to an application, to forward uplink
messages to the correct application and to forward downlink messages to the correct Router
(which forwards them to a Gateway).

Gateways

28
 Gateways form the bridge between devices and The Things Network. Devices
use low power networks like LoRaWAN to connect to the Gateway, while the Gateway uses
high bandwidth networks like WiFi, Ethernet or Cellular to connect to The Things Network.

All gateways within reach of a device will receive the device’s messages and forward
them to The Things Network. The network will deduplicate the messages and select the
best gateway to forward any messages queued for downlink. A single gateway can serve
thousands of devices.

LoRa Wan Classes

LoRaWAN has three different classes of end-point devices to address the
different needs reflected in the wide range of applications:
 Class A – Lowest power, bi-directional end-devices: ...
 Class B – Bi-directional end-devices with deterministic downlink latency: ...
 Class C – Lowest latency, bi-directional end-devices.
 All device classes support bi-directional communication (uplink and downlink)

LoRa Wan Encrypted

29
LoRaWAN is one of the few IoT networks implementing end-to-end
encryption. In some traditional cellular networks, the traffic is encrypted over
the air interface, but it is transported as plain text in the operator's core network.

LoRaWAN security
LoRaWAN is by design very secure—authentication and encryption are,
in fact, mandatory—but networks and devices can be compromised if security
keys are not kept safe, not randomized across devices or if cryptographic
numbers used once (nonces) are reused, as is shown by numerous blog posts.

ERIP

30
Equivalent isotropic radiated power, EIRP, is the total radiated power from a transmitter
antenna times the numerical directivity of the antenna in the direction of the receiver, or the
power delivered to the antenna times the antenna numerical gain.
EIRP toward satellite: 57.2 dBW
Saturated EIRP: 40.0 dBW
HPA operating power: 1.3 W
E.I.R.P. = P – l x Tk + Gi. P – transmitter power in dBm. l – cable length in metres. Tk –
attenuation for 1 metre of cable at operating frequency of the transmitter.

Goal ?

 Longer distance – increased gateway coverage

 Reduced data loss – better signal strength

 Low power device – less power with limited data

Propagation Through Reflection

Propagation Through Reflection

31
Propagation Through Diffraction

FPropagation Through Diffraction

KEYS

32
 MCCI LoRa Wan
The arduino-lorawan library provides a structured way of using the arduino-
lmic library to send sensor data over The Things Network or a similar LoRaWAN-
based data network.
This version targets v4.0.0 or later of the arduino-lmic library.
It targets devices that are reasonably capable, consisting of:

1. A 32-bit processor (ARM, XTENSA, etc.);

2. An SX1276-based LoRa radio; and
3. An Arduino run-time environment.

The reference target for SAMD21G deployments is Adafruit Feather M0 LoRa. In

addition to the basic Feather M0 LoRa, other products are supported.
The MCCI Catena 4450, Catena 4460, and Catena 4470 products are upward
compatible with the Feather M0 LoRa and therefore also can be used with this library.

Steps:
 Download MCCI file and WDM file.
 Copy MCCI file and WDM file paste in library->right click->extract here.
 Open WDM program->save->verify->upload the program.
 Open thing network account->console->Europe 1->go to application->add
application.
 Application id and name->any name->create application.
 End device->add end device->manually->frequency plan=India 865-
867MHZ,lorawan version-1.0.3,deveui,appeui,appkey->any number->register
device->general settings->save changes.
 Go to WDM program copy & paste deveui, appeui, appkey id from end device.
 Go to device->payload formatters->downlink->formatter type->JavaScript.
 Messaging->payload enter 01->light will be on in board->enter any number ->light
will be off.
 view output.

33
 SHT31 Ultrasonic Sensor

This DFRobot SHT31 digital temperature and humidity sensor is based upon the
Sensirion SHT31 sensor IC.
Thanks to Sensirion’s CMOSens® technology, highly integrated capacitive humidity
sensing components and band-gap temperature sensing components, the SHT31 offers
high reliability and long-term stability with low power consumption, fast response and
strong anti-interference ability.
The sensor supports IIC communication, and is compatible with 3.3V/5V controllers
like Arduino, micro:bit, ESP32. It is easy to achieve precise and high-reliability
temperature and humidity sensing for urban environment monitoring, intelligent
buildings, industrial automation, smart home and other Internet of Things
applications.

34
 The small size of the module allows it to be used for almost anything, such as
thermostats, humidistats, indoor weather stations and similar devices, for monitoring
or controlling humidity and/or temperature.
The SHT31 sensor is capable of reading humidity over the full range of 0 to 100% RH
with a typical accuracy of ±2% over the range of 20% to 80% RH (0.01% RH
resolution).
The maximum temperature range of the SHT31 is -40 to 125°C. It has a typical
accuracy of ±0.3°C at 25°C (0.015°C resolution).

Specification

 Operating Voltage: 2.15~5.5V

 Operating Current: <1.5mA
 Humidity Accuracy: ±2%RH
 Humidity Detection Range: 0%RH~100%RH
 Temperature Accuracy: ±0.2℃
 Temperature Detection Range: -40℃~125℃
 Communication: IIC
 Outline Dimension: 19x16mm/0.75x0.63”
 Mounting Hole Size: 2mm/0.08”
 Mounting Hole Pitch: 15mm/0.59”

35
 SaaS Software
Software as a service (SaaS) allows users to connect to and use cloud-based apps over the
Internet. Common examples are email, calendaring and office tools (such as Microsoft Office
365).
SaaS provides a complete software solution which you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis
from a cloud service provider. You rent the use of an app for your organisation and your
users connect to it over the Internet, usually with a web browser. All of the underlying
infrastructure, middleware, app software and app data are located in the service provider’s
data center. The service provider manages the hardware and software and with the
appropriate service agreement, will ensure the availability and the security of the app and
your data as well. SaaS allows your organisation to get quickly up and running with an app at
minimal upfront cost.

36
Application
1. Software maintenance and management
2. IT cost IT maintenance software
3. Improve flexibility and scalability

 Advantages of SaaS
1. Widespread adoption
2. Easy onboarding
3. Lower initial costs
4. Rapid deployment
5. Frictionless upgrades and updates
6. Real-time data
7. Increased customization
8. Advanced security
9. Built-in redundancy
10. Offline functionality
11. Rapid scalability
12. Actionable intelligence

37
 CONCLUTION
On the whole, this internship was a useful experience I have gained new knowledge, skills
and met many new people. I achieved several of my learning goals, however for some the
conditions did not permit. I got insight into professional practice. I learned different facets of
working within a Enthu Technology India Pvt Limited.

Along my training period, I realize that observation is a main element to find out the root
cause of a problem. Not only for my project but daily activities too. During my project, I
cooperate with my colleagues and operators to determine the problems. Moreover, the project
indirectly helps me to learn independently, discipline myself, be considerate/patient, self-
trust, take initiative and the ability to solve problems. Besides, my communication skills is
strengthen as well when communicating with others. During my training period. I have
received criticism and advice from engineers and technician when mistakes were made.
However, those advices are useful guidance for me to change myself and avoid myself
making the same mistakes again. Apart from that, I had also developed my programming
skills through various programs that I had done. The activities that I had learned during
industrial training really are useful for me in future to face challenges in a working
environment. Throughout the industrial training. I found that several things are important.

38