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    Group Theory Notes Sept 2022

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    Group Theory Notes Sept 2022

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    theory notes

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    GROUP THEORY NOTES SEPT 2022

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    theory notes

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    7 views3 pages

    Group Theory Notes Sept 2022

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    theory notes

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    GROUP THEORY NOTES SEPT 2022

    Definition of Group Theory


    Group theory is the study of a set of elements present in a group. For example, the set of
    all the integers with addition. If there are a finite number of components, the group is
    termed as a finite group, where the number of components is called the order of the
    group. A subset of the group which is bounded under any of the group operations is
    known as Subgroups. In laymen terms, group theory is the study of the set of components
    present in a group, where a group is the acquisition of the components/ elements that are
    integrated together to perform some operations on them.
    What are the types of group theory?
    Group theory has three main historical sources:
    1. Number theory
    2. Theory of algebraic equations
    3. Geometry
    What are the properties of group theory?
    So, a group holds five properties simultaneously
    i) Closure
    Closure: If A and B are two components in the group, G, then the product “AB” is
    also in “G”
    ii) Associative
    for all A, B, C are in the group, “G”, then (AB) C= A (BC)
    iii) Identity element

    iv) Inverse element


    v) Commutative.
    The commutative property deals with the arithmetic operations of addition and
    multiplication. It means that changing the order or position of two numbers
    while adding or multiplying them does not change the end result. For example, 4
    + 5 gives 9, and 5 + 4 also gives 9.
    What are the 5 types of groups?
    1. Formal and Informal Groups.
    2. Primary and Secondary Groups.
    3. Organized and Unorganized Groups.
    4. Temporary and Permanent Groups.
    5. Open and Closed Groups.
    Applications of Group Theory
    Group theory has multiple facets and various beneficial applications within and outside a
    broad width of science and mathematics, also groups mount in a number of supposedly
    impertinent entities.
    1. In Physics, it plays an indispensable role in the determination of the selection rules
    for spectroscopic transitions in Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy.
    2. In Chemistry, it is implemented to study and analyze the symmetries and the
    crystal structures of molecules, including many physical and chemical properties,
    and spectroscopic properties of the molecule. The group theory has turned out to be
    a standard and a powerful tool for studying molecular properties in the terms of
    molecular orbital theory.
    3. In Computer, Group theory, being an eventual and powerful tool for symmetry, has
    an ultimate impact on research in robotics, computer vision, computer graphics and
    medical image analysis.
    4. In Mathematics, it can be used for classification of identical mathematical objects
    that possess symmetry, for example in geometric figures ( a circle is highly
    symmetric and invariant under any rotation) and in mathematical functions and
    operations.
    5. For the smooth data transmission, the concept of group, subgroups and cosets are
    used in Cryptography and Public Key algorithms.
    6. In recent researches, it has exploited in music screening as well.

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