ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

Formulation and Evaluation of Face Serum

Miss. Purva S Rajdev1, Prof. Gaikwad S. D2, Miss. Akanksha A Somvanshi3,
Miss. Shubhangi S Gunjal4
Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, Belhe, Maharashtra, India1,2,3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, Belhe, Maharashtra, India2

Abstract: Wrinkles on the face and aging of the skin are an undesirable effect of photodamage and ultraviolet
radiation. Serum has a quick absorption and ability to penetrate deep layers of the skin, as well as a non-oily
finish and a deep formula with a very high amount of active ingredients. Based on these properties, the
purpose of this work was to make serum using polyherbal extract. Aloe vera gel, glycerin, olive oil face serum
is a highly concentrated cosmetic product. When we use aloe vera we get not only immediate cosmetic effect
but also psychological satisfaction. Aloe vera gel is commonly used to treat various skin ailments, sunburn,
minor cuts, insect bites, and is also used as a wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-
fungal effect. Olive oil has anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a skin moisturizing agent. It also has
anti-oxidant properties that can prevent premature aging. Facial serum was tested for its pH, physical
appearance, spredability, viscosity, microbial testing, cyclic temperature test, etc. The results of the stability
study show that there was no change in visual acuity, homogeneity.

Keywords: Face serum, Anti-inflammatory, Evaluation, Premature aging, Penetrate, Active Substances,
Polyherbal.

I. INTRODUCTION
Serum is a concentrated product which widely used in Cosmetology. The name comes from itself in professional
cosmetology. The cosmetic serum is as concentrated in water or oil as any other cream. Serum, or other concentrated
product that contains ten times more organic matter than cream. Therefore, deal with the cosmetic problem quickly and
effectively. Rising global cost of living has led to an increase in demand for cosmetic products. The cosmetics industry
established in Malaysia is one of the most important economic resources. The value of cosmetics has increased as more
and more people want to stay young and attractive. Serum is a skin care product that contains a gel or lightweight lotion
or moisturizer and has the ability to penetrate deep to bring the active ingredients to the skin. A good skin serum may
give your skin firmness, a smooth texture, make the pores appear smaller and increase moisture levels. Whether it is a
moisturizing, anti-aging or anti-wrinkle product or serum for skin, all of these products should contain antioxidants, cell-
based ingredients and skin-like ingredients. All skin types need these ingredients to stay as healthy as possible. Gel
preparations and Liquids are best for oily skin and a combination, serum and light lotion is best for normal dry skin, more
emollients and the best moisturizing creams for dry to very dry skin. Skin texture is all about the skin type but the smart
ingredient for healthy skin is the same for everyone, no matter what product, texture or preference you have. The skin is
the largest and most protective of the body for 24 hours, but sometimes the skin can become dry for many reasons such
as UV rays, dirt, cosmetics left overnight can cause irritation or allergies. Skin serum is a skin care product that you can
apply to your skin after cleansing but before moisturizing with the intention of bringing the ingredients directly to the
skin. Serum is particularly well suited for this task because it is made up of a small molecule that can penetrate deep into
the skin and bring about a very high concentration of active ingredients. This makes them a tool to identify specific skin
care concerns, such as color, signs of aging. Cosmeceutical refers to the integration of the cosmetics industry with the
pharmaceutical industry. Cosmetic companies produce cosmetics and pharmaceutical companies produce medicines.
Cosmeceuticals are skincare products that combine cosmetics with medications. "Cosmetic Product" according to a
description from the Guide to the Control of Cosmetic Products, Health Sciences Authorities, Revised 2014, is any
product intended to be integrated with various external body parts, such as the epidermis, hair system, nails. , lips, eyes,
teeth, and oral mucosa and external genitals primarily for cleansing, perfuming, changing their appearance, adjusting
body odor, protecting or keeping them in good condition. Available cosmetic products are mainly divided into five

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-4807 255

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
classes namely skin care products, hair care products, and perfumes. Skin care and maintenance includes moisturizers,
massage oils, creams, fairness creams, and antiseptic oils. Serum is one of the highest concentrated cosmetic products in
its active formula for providing a deep nourishing deep skin layer and a non-oily skin product suitable for skin. Cosmetic
serum was classified according to its level of absorption and the ability to penetrate deep layers of the skin. Today,
cosmetics are in great demand in everyday life and are used by many people every year.

II. METHOD OF PREPARATION

The emulsion (o / w) was prepared according to the formula given below. The oily component consisting of Olive oil,
sandalwood oil, tween 20 and coconut oil is mixed together for 10 minutes to obtain a uniform solution. At the same time
the water phase was prepared by mixing aloe vera gel, glycerin, and a small amount of distilled water uniformly. The oil
phase is added to the liquid phase by drop wise under mechanical vibration at 2500 rpm to obtain oil in water based on
biphasic emulsion.

Fig 1- Prepared Face Serum

Table 1: Composition of Face Serum
Ingredients Standard Formula (100 ml) Working Formula (30 ml )
Aloe vera gel 50% 10 gm
Olive Oil 9% 1.8 ml
Sandalwood Oil 0.1% 0.02 ml
Glycerin 25% 5 ml
Coconut Oil 2% 0.4 ml
Tween 20 1% 0.2 ml
De mineralized water QS to 100 ml Qs to 30 ml

II. EVALUATION OF FACE SERUM

2.1 Physical Evaluation
The Colour and appearance of the formulation was observed visually. The formulation procedure uniform distribution of
extracts. This test was confirmed by visual appearance and by touch.

2.2 pH Value
A pH meter was calibrated using a standard buffer solution. Nearly 1 ml of the face serum was properly weighed and
dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water and finally its pH was calculated. The skin has an acidic range and the pH of the skin
serum should be in the range of 4.1-6.7.
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
2.3 Determination of Spreadability
2 gm of serum sample was placed on a surface. A slide was attached to a pan to which 20 gm weight was added. The time
(seconds) required to separate the upper slide from surface was taken as a measure of Spreadability.

2.4 Microbial Examination of the Product

In this method, the mixed culture is diluted directly in tubes of liquid agar medium. The medium is maintained in a liquid
state at a temperature of 45℃ to allow thorough distribution of the inoculum. The inoculated agar medium is transferred
into petri plates, allowed to solidify and incubated. In the series dilution technique, the original inoculum may be diluted
by using sterile water or saline solution so that the concentration of the microbes gradually become less. Mix 1 ml dilute
in 20 ml of liquid nutrient agar medium at 45℃. Shake the liquid agar nutrient agar medium & pour in a sterile petri plate,
solidify and incubate it.

2.5 Stability Studies

Formulation and development of a pharmaceutical product is not complete without proper stability analysis carried out
on it to determine physical and chemical stability and thus safety of the product. The stability studies is carried out as per
ICH guidelines. Short term accelerated stability study was carried out for the period of few months for the prepared
formulation. The samples were stored at different storage conditions of temperatures such as 3-5oC, 250C RH=60% and
40oC±2% RH=75%.

2.6 Cyclical Temperature Test

These test is not carried out at any fixed temperature and humidity. In this test, temperature was changed cyclically every
day. At room temperature and frizzing temperature to stimulates the changes in temperature.

III. RESULT & DISCUSSION

3.1 Physical Evaluation
Table 2: Physical evaluation
Colour White Translucent
Odour Characteristic Odour
Taste Tasteless
Texture Smooth Homogenous
Homogeneity Good

pH Value:
The pH of formulation was found to be 6.4. As the skin having an acidic pH around 4.1-6.7, this range of formulation is
suitable for skin.

Determination of Spreadability
Spreadability of liquid formulation that is ability of the face serum to spread over the skin and play important role in
administration of standard dose of medicament formulation on skin. Spreadability of face serum 5 to 6 cm was found.

Determination of Viscosity :\
Viscosity is a critical parameter for topical formulation. Topical solutions with low viscosity have faster clearance than
viscous solutions. In addition, highly viscous solutions can have an undesirable effect on the skin. Viscosity of the Face
Serum was found to be 13759 Pa. s

Microbial Examination of the Product

The formulation was free from microbes as they do not show zone of inhibition, when they got inoculated in the agar.

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

Fig 2- Microbial examination of the product

Stability Studies
The formulation was undertaken stability studies for physical and chemical changes. No considerable variations in
properties of the formulation were observed.
Table 3 – Stability Studies
Visual Appearance White Translucent
Phase Separation Nil
Homogeneity Good

Cyclical Temperature Test

Table 4 - Cyclical temperature test
Sr. No Parameter Stability
1. Freezer temperature Unstable
2. Room temperature Stable

IV. CONCLUSION
The aim of the study was to formulate different herbals into a serum form moisturizing and glowing activity on skin.
Cosmeceuticals are skin-care products that cater both cosmetics and drug. In the serum aloe vera and olive oil are
mainly used. The aloe vera gel from the inner central part of the leaf often has a very good action in acne, pimples and
other skin problems, burns due to heat, sun exposure and in treatment of radiation dermatitis. Aloe vera is rich in vitamins
and minerals that have a good moisturizing capacity and anti-aging effects to maintain healthy- and fresh-looking skin.
Olive oil is beneficial for treating sunburn, the antioxidants in to the oil used treat damaged caused by the UV rays. It
also slow down and prevent premature ageing. It contains fatty acids such as omega 6 & omega 9, which help to prevent
dry skin. Stability studies revealed that there was no significant difference in the physical and pH parameter. Thus, the
formulation was found to be stable. Microbial examination of serum revealed that the formulation is free from micro-
organism and safe for use. The Spreadability was found to be good. No residues were form and was easy to wash out.
The gel stimulates cell growth and as such enhance the restoring of damage skin. So, this serum can be used treat skin
related problem.

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Author take it as a privilege to sincerely express my gratitude to Dr. Subhash Khumbhar, Principle, Samarth Institute of
Pharmacy, Belhe for providing project amenities and permission to carry out this work. This author is also thankful to
respected Ms Gaikwad S.D, for her valuable guidance, support and encouragement.

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