TEST YOURSELF 3

TEST 1
I. Find the word which has a different stress position from the others.
1. A. culture B. farmer C. native D. arrive
2. A. species B. until C. complete D. throughout
3. A. honesty B. variety C. usually D. musical
4. A. yesterday B. occasion C. generous D. evening
5. A. disadvantage B. environment C. speciality D. nationality
II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The tornado __________ lots of roofs in our village. (damage)
2. I want to __________ about this problem with your manager. (complaint)
3. There is a __________ store at the end of the street. (convenient)
4. She gave us practical tips about treating __________ wastes. (poison)
5. A lot of buildings __________ during the earthquake last month. (collapse)
6. Air __________ is a serious problem that the government need to care. (pollute)
7. She doesn’t like __________ at the market because it is crowded and dirty. (shop)
8. Our system can __________ predict when a natural disaster will occur. (accurate)
9. Population growth is causing __________ of wildlife habitats throughout the world. (destruct)
10. I think protecting the __________ is the duty of everyone in the community. (environmental)
III. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous.
1. __________ (you, swim) when someone __________ (steal) your wallet?
2. The dragon __________ (fly) over the castle when he __________ (hear) a girl crying.
3. Cinderella __________ (hear) the chimes of. midnight while she __________ (dance) with the
prince.
4. Snow White __________ (sing) softly beside the well when suddenlyshe __________ (see) a dwarf.
5. While the hunter __________ (pass) near by the hut, he __________ (notice) the wolf.
6. As the Queen __________ (bathe), a frog __________ (jump) outof the water and __________
(talk) to her.
7. The princess __________ (try) to tell the prince the truth but he __________ (not, listen).
8. While Mendel __________ (revise) his lesson, his sister __________ (read) fables.
9. __________ (Jane, practise) the piano when you __________ (walk) into her room?
10. When I __________ (knock) on the door, there __________ (be)no answer.
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C orD.
1. Hoa __________ for her mother.
A. rarely cooks B. cooks rarely C. rarely cook D. cook rarely
2. My cat __________ after a mouse at that time.
A. ran B. runs C. was running D. will run
3. Nga was watching TV while her sister __________ the piano.
 A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays
4. __________ borrow books from the school library?
A. Do you often B. Do often you
C. Will often you D. Will you often
5. The flight to London __________ off in five minutes.
A. will take B. takes C. took D. was taking
6. __________ kites in the park at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon?
A. Were you flying B. Are you flying
C. Did you fly D. Will you fly
7. The summer sales __________ next Saturday.
A. started B. will start C. start D. starts
8. There __________ only a few houses left standing after the tornadohit.
A. was B. is C. were D. be
9. I __________ how to use computer until my father taught me.
A. don’t know B. didn’tknow C. know D. won’t know
10. Listen to the announcement. The train __________ till 12:00.
A. leaves B. left C. won’t leave D. doesn’t leave
V. Put the following expressions in the right column.
1. What do you mean? 2. What I mean is...
3. Sorry, let me clarify... 4. I’d like to explain...
5. I don’t think I get you. 6. To put it in another way...
7. Let me see if I understand. 8. In other words,...
9. Could you clarify that, please? 10. Could you be more specific, please?

Asking for clarification Giving clarification

__________ __________
__________ __________
__________ __________
__________ __________
__________ __________

VI. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C, or D.

One of the most important reasons of global warming is air (1) __________ .More and more
factories are being built in different countries. By burning oil, coal, gasoline, even natural gas, they
add more carbon dioxide to the (2) __________ .Cars also influence the atmosphere badly (3)
__________ burning many litersof oil and releasing (4) __________ gases into the air. As a result, the
ozonelayer of our Earth is being (5) __________ .
All these activities unfavourably change (6) __________ Earth’s heatbalance. This is
(7)__________ we get in return: the (8) __________ becomesvery dry, a lot of rivers and lakes dry up,
the forests start burning, the glaciers melt, people and animals start to faint. And these are not all the
outcomes of global (9) __________ . Nature becomes really angry with us. We need to bemore
attentive and caring to it if we want to (10) __________ our planet.
1. A. pollute B. polluted C. pollution D. polluting
2. A. oil B. coal C. gasoline D. atmosphere
3. A. by B. with C. to D. towards
4. A. useful B. harmful C. delicious D. good
5. A. destroyed B. created C. caused D. increased
6. A. an B. a C. Ø D. the
7. A. who B. when C. what D. which
8. A. ground B. water C. air D. economy
9. A. damage B. destroyment C. raining D. warming
10. A. build B. save C. live D. destroy
VII. Read the above passage again and tick True or False.
True False
1. The number of factories built in countries are decreasing.  
2. Carbon dioxide is created by burning oil, coal, gasoline, even natural gas.  
3. Cars don’t influence the atmosphere.  
4. The ozone layer of our Earth is being destroyed.  
5. Few rivers and lakes dry up.  
6. We don’t need to care to nature if we want to saveour planet.  
VIII. Reorder the words and phrases to make complete sentences.
1. example / A / a / is / an / marine ecosystem / of / coral reef /.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. species / The / is / endangered / sea turtle / an /.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. kind / of / What / disasters / are / talking / about, / they / or manmade / natural / ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. watch / Can / bought / return / the / that /I /I / yesterday / your / shop /from?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. sell / People / at / the / a lot of / open-air market / local specialities /.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. participate / More and more / activities / people / Earth Day / in /.
_____________________________________________________________________________
 TEST 2
I. Find the word which has a different stress position from the others.
1. A. again B. wildlife C. finish D. rarely
2. A. arrival B. typical C. numerous D. habitat
3. A. luckily B. afternoon C. cultural D. rescuer
4. A. electric B. natural C. ambition D. addiction
5. A. available B. economy C. decoration D. attractiveness
II. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
1. A vocalno in the South Pacific __________ violently last Saturday.
A. caused B. flooded C. erupted D. blew
2. The tsunami __________ hundreds of homes on some small islands.
A. built B. burned C. destroyed D. trembled
3. They were very hard to __________ the villagers from the flooded area.
A. shelter B. rescue C. provide D. hide
4. You can help protect the environment by picking up litter and __________trees.
A. planting B. cutting C. reusing D. buying
5. Water pollution caused a wide range of __________ problems inhumans.
A. traffic B. education C. history D. health
6. This forest provides a habitat for hundreds of __________ of plants andanimals.
A. styles B. species C. families D. collections
7. Some people say that protecting the environment is the government’s _________.
A. responsive B. responsible C. responsibly D. responsibility
8. __________ is a mass of rock and earth moving suddenly and quicklydown a steep slope.
A. Drought B. Flood C. Landslide D. Tornado
9. Shopping centres attract lots of __________ during the sales season.
A. customers B. habitats C. products D. disasters
10. We should recycle single-use products instead __________ throwingthem away.
A. on B. to C. of D. in
III. Circle the correct option in brackets.
1. I (send / will send) it to you as soon as I come home.
2. You should help her if she (needs / will need).
3. They (go / will go) to England to visit their aunt next year.
4. The side effects of the drug (are / will be) not always predictable.
5. Our shop (opens / will open) at 8 o’clock every day.
6. She (gain / will gain) weight if she eats lots of fried food.
7. My father often (has / will have) breakfast at home before he goes to work.
8. The bus (leaves / will leave) at 7 o’clock every morning to take students to school.
9. I (make / will make) a big cake on your birthday next week.
10. We are allowed to go when the traffic lights (turn / will turn) green.
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each following sentence.
1. I didmy homework at 8 o’clock last night.
A B C D
2. Your health will to get bad if you work too hard.
A B C D
3. One of the most difficult decisions is choose a job for a living.
A B C D
4. You can save energy by turning off lights and use public transport.
A B C D
5. Should we delay the party because nobody can coming that day?
A B C D
6. There were a terriblethunderstorm yesterday evening.
A B C D
7. Humans need a constancy supply of water to live.
A B C D
8. The storm sudden hit and destroyed the whole village.
A B C D
9. They buy a house near the beach last summer.
A B C D
10. Were the children studying at school in this time yesterday?
A B C D
V. Complete the dialogue with the sentences from the box.
A. I’m very sorry about that.
B. I’d like a full refund, please.
C. I’m afraid I can’t help you without the receipt.
D. I understand that.
E. Do you have the receipt?
F. What’s the matter with it, sir?
Customer: Hello, I’d like to make a complaint about the cell phonethat I bought last month.
Manager: (1) ____________________
Customer: The screen doesn’twork.
Manager: (2) ____________________ Can I offer you a full refundor an exchange?
Customer: (3) ____________________
Manager: No problem. (4) ____________________
Customer: Oh, sorry. I lost it.
Manager: (5) ____________________
Customer: I know, but the phone was very expensive and now I can’tuse it.
Manager: (6) ____________________ You can get it repaired.There’s a repair shop near our
shop.
Customer: Thanks.
VI. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C, orD.
What To Do During the Flood
If you evacuate
Avoid (1) __________ through flood water.
Flood water can hide debris, sewage, electrical hazards and other (2) __________ .If your vehicle is
trapped in (3) __________ moving water, stay inside. Ifthe vehicle fills with water, seek (4)
__________ on the roof.
Avoid evacuating over (5) __________ spanning fast-moving water. Thesecan fail without warning,
taking you and your loved ones with them.
If you shelter in place
Move to the (6) __________ floors. Flood water against the lower floorscan infiltrate the home,
break windows (7) __________ cause generallydangerous conditions. Also, consider (8) __________
to a neighbor’s home onhigher ground if you can safely do so.
Stay aware of changing conditions and alerts by listening to the radio or periodically checking
(9)__________ apps.
If the (10) __________ continues to rise and make the home unsafe,carefully move to the roof and
call 9-1-1 for help.
1. A. move B. moved C. moving D. to move
2. A. dangers B. notices C. warnings D. benefits
3. A. frequent B. frequently C. rapid D. rapidly
4. A. refuge B. food C. clothes D. money
5. A. flats B. paths C bridges D. buildings
6. A. lower B. upper C. under D. behind
7. A. and B. or C. but D. so
8. A. cycling B. moving C. driving D. walking
9. A. game B. shopping C. travel D. weather
10. A. water B. speed C. noise D. temperature
V. Read the above passage again and choose the best answer to the following questions.
1. What can flood water hide?
A. Debris, money, electrical hazards and other dangers.
B. Debris, sewage, electrical hazards and other dangers.
C. Food, clean water, electrical hazards and other dangers.
D. Debris, sewage, electrical hazards and other good things.
2. What should you do if your vehicle is trapped in rapidly moving water?
A. Climb the tree.
B. Stay inside the vehicle.
C. Move through flood water.
 D. Seek your raincoat in the vehicle.
3. Why shouldn’t we evacuate over bridges spanning fast-moving water?
A. Because we can move rapidly.
B. Because we can become stronger.
C. Because we can be in danger.
D. Because we will be safe.
4. Can flood water break windows?
A. Yes, it can.
B. No, it can’t.
C. Yes, they are.
D. No, they aren’t.
5. What should we do if the water continues to rise?
A. Listen to the radio.
B. Carefully move to the roof.
C. Call 9-1-1 for help.
D. Both B andC.
6. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “unsafe”?
A. safe
B. cold
C. careful
D. dangerous
VIII. Write complete sentences using the given words and phrases.
1. be / your sister / addict / shop / ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. We / can’t / bargain / prices of goods / supermarkets/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. What / you / do / 9 o’clock yesterday morning / ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. residents / tall buildings / be frightened / when / they / fell / slight shaking /.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. When / natural disaster / happen, / we / must / listen / instruction from local authorities /.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. One disadvantage / shop online / be / that / you / not know exactly / what / you / get /.
_____________________________________________________________________________

TEST YOURSELF 3

TEST 1
I.
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B
II.
1. damaged 2. complain 3. convenience 4. poisonous 5. collapsed
6. pollution 7. shopping 8. accurately 9. destruction 10. environment
III.
1. Were you swimming - stole 2. was flying - heard
3. heard - was dancing 4. was singing - saw
5. was passing - noticed 6. was bathing - jumped - talked
7. tried - didn’t listen 8. was revising - was reading
9. Was Jane practising - walked 10. knocked - was
IV.
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A
6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
V.
Asking for clarification: 1, 5, 7, 9, 10
Giving clarification: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8
VI.
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A
6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
VII.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. False
VIII.
1. A coral reef is an example of a marine ecosystem.
2. The sea turtle is an endangered species.
3. What kind of disasters are they talking about, natural or manmade?
4. Can I return the watch that I bought from your shop yesterday?
5. People sell a lot of local specialities at the open-air market.
6. More and more people participate in Earth Day activities.

TEST 2
I.
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C
II.
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C
III.
1. will send 2. needs 3. will go 4. are 5. opens
6. will gain 7. has 8. leaves 9. will make 10. turn
IV.
1. A (did → was doing) 2. B (to get → get)
3. C (choose → choosing) 4. D (use → using)
5. D (coming → come) 6. A (were → was)
7. B (constancy → constant) 8. B (sudden → suddenly)
9. A (buy → bought) 10. D (in → at)
V.
1. F 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. C 6. D
VI.
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A
VII.
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. D
VIII.
1. Is your sister addicted to shopping?
2. We can’t bargain over prices of goods in supermarkets.
3. What were you doing at 9 o’clock yesterday morning?
4. The residents in tall buildings were frightened when they felt a slight shaking.
5. When a natural disaster happens, we must listen to instruction from local authorities.
6. One disadvantage of shopping online is that you do not know exactly what you will get.

TEST 3 (UNIT 7-UNIT 9)

Exercise 1. Circle the word whose underlined part differs from the others in pronunciation in each
of the following questions.
1. A. paddy B. sand C. travel D. tribal
2. A. buffalo B. photo C. limestone D. botanical
3. A. jungle B. luggage C. sunbathe D. sugar
4. A. around B. various C. sound D. mountains
5. A. heritage B. giant C. garden D. village
6. A. twice B. flight C. piece D. mind
7. A. about B. around C. sound D. young
8. A. cover B. oven C. coffee D. company
9. A. plates B. cakes C. mates D. places
10. A. laughed B. learned C. changed D. arrived
Exercise 2. Circle the word that differs from the others in the position of primary stress in each of
the following questions.
1. A. definition B. electricity C. contaminate D. radiation
2. A. dramatic B. overhead C. century D. groundwater
3. A. thermal B. beneath C. rubbish D. earplug
4. A. affect B. billboard C. visual D. substance
5. A. aquatic B. behaviour C. pollution D. permanent
6. A. relief B. debris C. typhoon D. severe
7. A. erupt B. victim C. forest D. message
8. A. volcano B. tropical C. government D. property
9. A. geography B. evacuate C. emergency D. temporary
10. A. scatter B. earthquake C. collapse D. mudslide
Exercise 3. Choose the word that doesn't belong to the group in each sentence.
A. accommodation B. bury C. destruction D. evacuation
A. flood B. storm C. earthquake D. land
A. locate B. risk C. kit D. shelter
A. tag B. technology C. trap D. victim
A. volcano B. disastrous C. mudslide D. earthquake
A. disaster B. storm C. tornado D. thunderstorm
A. drought B. flood C. mudslide D. climate
A. thunderstorm B. pollutant C. typhoon D. tsunami
A. emergency B. collapse C. erupt D. destroy
A. groundwater B. flow C. fresh water D. mineral water
Exercise 4. Choose the correct answers.
1. The field trip to Con Dao National Park aims to ___________ the awareness of local students about
environmental protection.
A. contain B. rise C. cover D. raise
2. In this shop, there is a wide ___________ of decorative products that customers can buy before
Christmas.
A. range B. sale C. convenience D. access
3. She is ___________ aimlessly around the shops to enjoy the hustle and bustle of city life.
A. complaining B. offering C. reducing D. wandering
4. When she was playing on the beach, she saw the ocean drain away suddenly causing her to think
of an imminent ___________.
A. tornado B. tsunami C. earthquake D. volcanic eruption
5. It would be very hard to ___________ a natural disaster without the help of advanced technology.
A. foretell B. predict C. imagine D. concentrate
6. After the tornado occurred, many people ___________ all their valuable property.
A. lost B. loses C. lose D. losing
7. She often ___________ home-grown vegetables online when they are excessive.
A. sell B. sell C. selling D. sold
8. - ___________ you ___________ in Paris when I called you last week? - Yes, I was.
A. Are / travelling B. Did / travel C. Were / travel D. Were / travelling
9. According to his schedule, he ___________ an important speech on Saturday.
A. will have B. is having C. has D. have
10. Don't worry. I ___________ a leave of absence for you tomorrow.
A. will take B. take C. takes D. taking
11. Before the big sale started, Nancy ___________ a shopping list carefully.
A. makes B. was making C. made D. make
12. While I ___________ in the sea, I saw a beautiful turtle.
A. am snorkeling B. was snorkeling C. snorkeled D. were snorkeling
13. Jim’s club ___________ many meaningful activities to celebrate Earth Day last year.
A. will hold B. holding C. hold D. held
14. There ___________ any plastic bottles on the beach after we cleaned it up.
A. were B. not be C. weren’t D. aren’t
15. My mother is very good at ___________, so she can purchase goods at cheaper prices.
A. bargaining B. reducing C. talking D. selling
16. Emma was a ___________. She’s extremely keen on shopping and spends a lot of time on this
expensive hobby.
A. shoppers B. shopaholic C. shoper D. shop
17, The speciality shop is famous for its scented candles, ___________ many foreign tourists often
drop by there to get some.
A. because of B. so that C. because D. so
18. After trying ___________ the blue dress, the customer decided to buy it.
A. on B. out C. in D. with
19. Kate doesn’t often buy food and drinks in the supermarket. She prefers to buy them at the
___________ market.
A. open-aired B. airy C. open-air D. opened-air
20. ___________ my father is chopping wood in the back garden, I am slicing beef in the chicken.
A. Before B. While C. When D. As soon as
21. As soon as Peter gathers enough information about the protection of endangered species, he
___________ doing his wildlife project.
A. started B. start C. starts D. will start
22. I turned off the electrical appliances, and then I ___________ home.
A. leaving B. left C. leave D. will leave
23. What did you do after you ___________ around the boutiques?
A. browsed B. browse C. will browse D. browsing
24. I returned home ___________ watched my favourite TV show.
A. so B. but C. and D. or
25. My father ___________ throws away rubbish in public. He’s very responsible.
A. often B. sometimes C. always D. never
26. There were bumpy roads ___________ I came back to my hometown.
A. when B. while C. as soon as D. so
27. I caught the bus to my office instead ___________ using my car this morning.
A. by B. in C. of D. on
28. There was a ___________, so we couldn’t go to Ha Giang.
A. drought B. landslide C. tsunami D. volcano
29. The pilot suddenly saw a volcanic eruption while he ___________ across Stromboli, Italy.
A. was flying B. is flying C. flew D. flies
30. We ___________ home when it began to rain torrentially.
A. was driving B. drove C. were driving D. was drive
31. What ___________ you ___________ at 7 p.m. yesterday?
A. was – doing B. were - doing C. did - do D. do – do
32. I ___________ out with some of my friends at this time last Monday.
A. was ate B. eating C. was eat D. was eating
33. A magnitude-8 earthquake ___________ his town abruptly, and then many houses and public
facilities collapsed.
A. shook B. shake C. shaking D. shakes
34. It’s necessary to prepare an emergency kit before a tropical storm ___________.
A. was breaking B. broke C. breaks D. break
35. The flood victims are collecting their personal ___________.
A. thing B. property C. proper D. belonging
36. Natural disasters result ___________ natural processes of the Earth.
A. from B. in C. with D. by
37. We were driving to the mountains for our vacation ___________ we got stuck in traffic.
A. after B. before C. as soon as D. when
38. I was having dinner at 7 p.m. yesterday when the storm suddenly ___________.
A. comes B. came C. come D. was coming
39. The concert ___________ at 9 o’clock tonight.
A. is starting B. starts C. will start D. start
40. People should always ___________ awareness of protecting the environment.
A. contain B. rise C. cover D. raise
41. Hien was going window-shopping when the shopping centre ___________ shaking violently.
A. became B. become C. was become D. was becoming
42. When there is a ___________ eruption, hot gases and liquid rock pour out from a mountain.
A. volcanics B. vocal C. volcanic D. volcano
43. Using public transport is one of the effective ways to ___________ our carbon footprint.
A. release B. reduce C. increase D. get
44. When Helen goes to the supermarket, she usually avoids buying ___________ products such as
plastic containers.
A. use-single B. singled-use C. single-used D. single-use
45. Their local rainforest is diverse with thousands of ___________ animals and plants.
A. endanger B. rared C. rare D. rarely
46. The chief engineer was ___________ all the workers of the plant at this time yesterday.
A. instructs B. instructing C. instinct D. instructed
47. Residents in skyscrapers were frightened when they ___________ a slight shaking for about a few
seconds last night.
A. feel B. feeled C. was feeling D. felt
48. To prepare for a ___________ disaster, we should make an emergency kit.
A. natures B. nature C. natural D. naturally
49. We almost can’t ___________ when earthquakes will happen.
A. predict B. prediction C. predictable D. predicts
50. The conservationists are worried about the increase in endangered species ___________.
A. losing B. loss C. lost D. lose
Exercise 5. Read the text and find 5 mistakes then correct them.
Online shopping in general have its advantages and disadvantages. Online stores, like the auctions,
are available around the clock. People can shop from home or work whereas a visit to the mall
requires consumers travel via some form of transportation and forces them visit the stores during the
stores' business hours. Physic stores aren't necessarily losing business. It's simply far more
convenient to click on an item in the store's website.
However, when shopping in person, the consumer can actually examine the item before they will
purchase.
Shopping online forces the consumer to be dependent on pictures and text descriptions. Online
shopper have the advantage of comparing competing stores without driving to the actual stores, but
visitors to a physical store don't face the same security and privacy concerns.
Example: have —> has
Answers:
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________
Exercise 6. Read and provide the correct form of the words in brackets.
Modern Forms of Online Payment
Nowadays, consumers have the opportunity to make a (1. significance) ___________ amount of
purchases via the Internet. The e-shopping world doesn’t lend itself to cash because (2. consume)
___________ don't visit a store and might never meet the retailer in person. Therefore, more (3.
electricity) ___________ forms of payment have been developed for the ever-growing world of
online shoppers. One choice is a wire transfer which literally transfers money from one entity's bank
account into another's. If someone were to sell something on eBay and another where to buy it, the
buyer can transfer funds from a bank account. The seller can watch the money appear in his or her
own account and neither party leaves home. Another popular way to pay for things online is via
PayPal. PayPal is an e-commerce business that was founded in Palo Alto, California, in 1998. This
booming business allows payments and transfers to be completed through the Internet. It's growing
in (4. popular) ___________ because buyers and sellers are not (5. depend) ___________ on checks,
money orders, or cash. Electronic money refers to a script that is only electronic in format. Scrip is
any currency substitute. Electronic Funds transfers (EFT) and direct deposits are versions of electronic
money. With the advent of electronic forms of payment, paper money is becoming an antiquated
form of payment.
Exercise 7. Read and choose the correct answers.

El Nino is a weather phenomenon of the Pacific Ocean which is (1) ___________ by an abnormal (2)
___________ of water on the surface of the ocean. It has the (3) ___________ to influence global
weather patterns as it brings drought to some continents and (4) ___________ rain to others. It was
first (5) ___________ by fishermen coming from Spanish ports in the Pacific in the 17 lh century. It got
its name (Spanish for “boy child”) because it usually takes (6) ___________ near Christmas time. It
can cause catastrophic (7) ___________. The 1982 El Nino (8) ___________ in 1,500 deaths, but it
can be a lot worse than that. Sea animals, (9) ___________ fish and birds, also die in large numbers.
It is (10) ___________ that sailors in the Pacific can smell the dead sea-life during El Nino.
1. A. caused B. happened C. origin D. done
2. A. increase B. warming C. heater D. extra
3. A. proficiency B. practice C. power D. performance
4. A. heavy B. shower C. plenty D. wet
5. A. saw B. time C. caught D. noticed
6. A. away B. place C. part D. care
7. A. problem B. difficulty C. hurt Đ. damage
8. A. caused B. led C. resulted D. gave
9. A. including B. holding C. containing D. involving
10. A. mistaken B. felt C. told D. said
Exercise 8. Read the text then till in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that (1. extend) ___________ from a thunderstorm to
the ground and is often - although not always - visible as a funnel cloud. Lightning and hail (2. be)
___________ common in thunderstorms that produce tornadoes. Tornadoes (3. cause) ___________
extensive damage to structures and disrupt transportation, power, water, gas, communications, and
other services in their direct path and in neighbouring areas. Related thunderstorms can cause heavy
rains, flash flooding, and hail.
About 1,200 tornadoes hit the United States every year and every state is at risk. Most tornadoes in
the United States (4. occur) ___________ east of the Rocky Mountains with concentrations in the
central and southern plains, the Gulf Coast and Florida.
Tornadoes can (5. strike) ___________ in any season, but occur most often in the spring and summer
months. They can occur at all hours of the day and night, but are most likely to occur between 3 p.m.
and 9 p.m.
Exercise 9. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
Two of the most dangerous storms which affect America are hurricanes and tornadoes. They are very
much feared by anyone who may live in the path of their destruction.
Every year homes are destroyed by their fury and often lives arc lost. Most people who live near the
coast arc forced to evacuate their homes and to move to safer areas until the storm passes. Floods
are caused along the coasts by both the heavy rain and a storm tide that is considerably above
normal water level. The high winds, coastal flooding and heavy rains associated with a hurricane
cause enormous damage.
Hurricanes usually develop between July and October. Once they hit land they carry tremendous
power with driving rain and wind.
Tornadoes are violent low-pressure storms. These storms occur most often during the summer
months and are noticeable by their strong wind and lack of rain. The sky turns black as dust is sucked
up into the air. Tornadoes are capable of lifting quite heavy objects from the ground. They can pick
up trees and cars right into the air and even uplift heavier objects such as homes and railway cars.
Both hurricanes and tornadoes cause millions of dollars worth of damage to life and property every
year. Today they can be predicted more easily than in the past, but they cannot be stopped or
ignored.
1. What are two of the most dangerous storms which affect America?
A. Hurricanes and tornadoes. B. Typhoons and thunderstorms.
C. Thunderstorms and hurricanes. D. Hurricanes and typhoons.
2. At which part of the year do hurricanes usually develop?
A. July and August only. B. All year round.
C. From the seventh to the ninth month. D. Between July and October.
3. What is the major similarity of both a hurricane and a tornado?
A. They cover only a small area. B. They can cause great damage.
C. They are not accompanied by rain. D. They have either wind or speed.
4. Which of the following is true of tornadoes and hurricanes?
A. They cannot be predicted with accuracy.
B. They are easier to control today than in the past.
C. They can be predicted today with greater accuracy.
D. They cannot be predicted today with greater accuracy.
5. Which of the following was not mentioned in the article?
A. The number of people killed each year by these storms.
B. The tremendous power killed each year by these storms.
C. The damage caused by hurricanes and tornadoes.
D. The time of year when they are most likely to strike.
Exercise 10. Read the passage and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
Some Animals Can Predict Future Earthquakes
A recent investigation by scientists at the U.S Geological Survey shows that strange animal behavior
might help predict future earthquakes. Investigators found such occurrences in a ten-kilometer radius
of the epicenter of a fairly recent quake. Some birds screeched and flew about wildly; dogs yelped
and ran around uncontrollably.
Scientists believe that animals can perceive these environmental changes as early as several days
before the mishap.
In 1976, after observing animal behavior, the Chinese were able to predict a devastating quake.
Although hundreds of thousands of people were killed, the government was able to evacuate millions
of other people and thus keep the death toll at a lower level.
Statements T F
1. Strange animal behavior might help predict future earthquakes.
2. Occurrences happen in a ten-metre radius of the epicenter of a fairly recent quake.
3. Animals can perceive these environmental changes as early as several days after
the mishap.
4. In 1976, after observing animal behavior, the Chinese were able to predict a
devastating quake.
5. The government was unable to evacuate millions of other people and thus keep the
death toll at a lower level.
Exercise 11. Read the text and fill in the blanks with the suitable words.
successful effect communicative poisons
harmful with increasing major
Water Pollution in India
Contamination of water from any external source that makes it (1) ___________ to life is known as
water pollution. (2) ___________ the fast industrial development and modem civilization, the
problem of water pollution is (3) ___________ day by day. The (4) ___________ sources of water
pollution are domestic wastes, agricultural wastes, sewage disposal, industrial wastes, radioactive
wastes and oil leakages.
All the India rivers, including the holy river Ganga, have become highly polluted today. However, the
Ganga Action Plan to control its water from pollution has not been proved (5) ___________. The (6)
___________ of water pollution is widespread. It causes many severe water-borne diseases.
According to WHO, 21 percent of all (7) ___________ diseases in India are waterborne diseases. Oil is
the main pollutant of sea water. Huge tankers often dump oil into the sea. This act of dumping (8)
___________ kills sea plants and animals.
Exercise 12. Use the words and phrases to complete the sentences.
1. The large movement/ the earth under the water/ causes/ very large and powerful tsunami.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. That tsunami/ was called the Asian Tsunami in/ most of the world.
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_
3. It/ was called the Boxing Day Tsunami/ England, Australia, South Africa/ Canada because/ it
happened/ the holiday/ they call Boxing Day.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. The tsunami caused/ lot of damage to countries/ such/ 7 the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia/ Sri
Lanka.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Waves/ high as 30 metres killed many people/ damaged or destroyed/ lot of buildings/ other
property.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Over 225,000 people died/ they were/ not found after/ tsunami.
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_
7. The waves travelled/ as far away/ South Africa (8,000 kilometres )/ as many as people/ die
because/ high water caused by the waves.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Because of how much damage/ was caused/ the number/ people the earthquake affected, over $7
billion/ was donated/ help the survivors/ rebuild the areas damaged.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 13. Rewrite the following sentences based on the given words.
Ex: There are twenty classes in our school.
 Our school has twenty classes.
1. I will pick you up right after you get off the bus.
 I will pick you up _____________________________ you get off the bus. (soon)
2. By supporting green products, you will reduce harm to the environment.
 When you _____________________________ green products, you will reduce harm to the
environment. (support)
3. The rich girl _____________________________ doesn’t often check price tags when buying brand-
name clothes.
 The rich girl price tags when buying brand-name clothes. (rarely)
4. During their dinner time, a flash flood swept through their house.
 _____________________________ having dinner, a flash flood swept through their house, (while)
5. There was heavy snow between 8 p.m. and 11 p.m. yesterday.
 It _____________________________ at 10 p.m. yesterday. (snowing)
6. I will pick you up. I leave the shopping mall. (as soon as)
 _______________________________________________________________________________
7. It rains. My mother usually shops at the supermarket. (when)
 _______________________________________________________________________________
8. Emily was browsing online for items. Her sister was playing the piano. (While)
 _______________________________________________________________________________
9. The eruption of a volcano also causes a tsunami. (results)
 _______________________________________________________________________________
10. Where did the flood happen? (occur)
 _______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 14. Write about your shopping habits. (100-150 words)
You can base on some suggestions below:
- Do you shop online or offline?
- How often do you do the shopping?
- What do you often shop for?
- Is your shopping habit good or bad?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
 TEST YOURSELF 3
I. Choose the word having a different stress pattern from the others in each line. (1.0 pt)
1. A. national B. tropical C. typical D. provincial
2. A. official B. seasonal C. violent D. technical
3. A. logical B. practical C. financial D. personal
4. A. continuous B. disastrous C. dangerous D. unconscious
5. A. religious B. numerous C. disastrous D. delicious
II. Choose the correct answer A, B, c, or D to complete each of the sentences. (1.0 pt)
1. A ______________ is a violent storm with very strong winds that move in a circle.
A. tornado B. flood C. volcano D. landslide
2. The earthquake caused a lot of ______________ to the infrastructure of this area.
A. disaster B. loss C. damage D. property
3. Shopping online saves you the ______________ of travelling.
A. joy B. pleasure C. convenience D. trouble
4. During ______________, shopping centres attract a lot of customers.
A. open hours B. sales C. office hours D. floods
5. There are mainly two ______________ of water pollution: man-made and natural.
A. ways B. causes C. reasons D. results
III. Complete each sentence below by filling in each blank with the correct form of the word
provided. (2.0 pts)
1. National parks are __________ in protecting the environment and natural resources.
(IMPORTANCE)
2. Shopping centres offer a wide range of ______________. (PRODUCT)
3. Today, scientists are able to predict most natural ______________. (DISASTROUS)
4. I enjoy going to ______________ open-air markets in the countryside. (TRADITION)
5. Earth Day is an event to raise ______________ about environmental issues. (AWARE)
IV. Match the words and phrase with their explanations. (1.0 pt)
1. rescue worker a. a bag containing necessary supplies needed for survival after an
emergency
2. warning b. small pieces of rubbish that people leave in a public place
3. emergency kit c. a statement telling people that something bad may happen
4. litter d. a person who works to bring people out of danger
5. shopaholic e. a person who enjoys shopping and does it a lot
V. Choose the correct answer A, B, c, or D to complete each of the sentences. (1.0 pt)
1. - What do shopping centres ______________ offer customers on special occasions?
- Mostly sales and entertainment.
A. never B. rarely C. usually D. occasionally
2. It is ______________ easier to prevent harm to the environment than to repair it.
A. always B. never C. sometimes D. rarely
3. ______________ he heard the warning of the tornado, he went searching for his children.
A. During B. As soon as C. While D. When
4. They were searching for information for their project ______________ their parents were
gardening.
A. as soon as B. while C. when D. till
5. I had no idea about the dangers of tsunamis ______________ I saw the film.
A. as soon as B. while C. when D. till
VI. Underline the correct word or phrase to complete each of the sentences. (1.0 pt)
1. We (did/were doing) an experiment in the lab when the earthquake happened.
2. After taking us to a safer place, the rescue workers (continued/were continuing) their work.
3. - What are you doing tonight?
- I don't know. Maybe I (start/will start) designing the poster for my music project.
4. The timetable says that the beach clean-up (is/will be) from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m.
5. I usually check an item carefully before I (decide/will decide) to buy it.
VII. Read the text and do the tasks. (2.0 pts)

Nothing on earth is more majestic than a tall, spreading tree. Trees are our friends in our fight for a
healthier planet. This is how they help us. First, trees are the Earth’s lungs. They remove pollutants
from the air and significantly improve air quality. Research shows that with billions of trees, we could
remove two-thirds of all the carbon dioxide created by human activities. Second, trees reduce the run
off of rainwater, so they can reduce flooding. Moreover, if you enjoy sitting in the shade of a tree in
the summer, you know that trees can also lower air temperatures too. Trees growing beside a home
can cool the root and the air around the house. Therefore, it reduces air conditioning costs. And don’t
forget that trees create habitats for many species of plants and animals. If you want to plant trees to
help save the planet, there are simple ways to get started. Plant trees around your house. If enough
people did that, it would make a big difference.
a. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). (1.0 pt)
T F
1. Trees help remove pollutants from water.
2. Trees help remove carbon dioxide from the air.
3. There is less flooding thanks to trees.
4. You pay less for air conditioning if you plant trees.
5. If everybody plants trees around their homes, it will improve the planet
b. Choose a word from the passage to complete each sentence below. (1.0 pt)
1. Trees are seen as the ______________ of the Earth.
2. Human activities create ______________.
3. Thanks to trees, many different species have good ______________.
4. We can save the planet by ______________ trees.
VIII. Use a word or phrase from the box to connect the sentences in each group. (1.0 pt)
till while as soon as before after
1. They heard the cracking sound. They ran out of the house.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. We stayed in the shelter. We left only when the storm ended.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. You should make a shopping list first. Then you go shopping.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. The flood waters drained. We returned home.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. We were surfing the Internet. We saw calls for joining programmes to save endangered species.
___________________________________________________________________________________

TEST YOURSELF 3
I.
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B
II.
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B
III.
1. important 2. products 3. disasters 4. traditional 5. awareness
IV.
1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. e
V.
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D
VI.
1. were doing 2. continued 3. will start 4. is 5. decide
VII.
a.
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T
b.
1. lung 2. carbon dioxide 3. habitats 4. planting
VIII.
till while as soon as before after
1. As soon as they heard the cracking sound, they ran out of the house.
(They ran out of the house as soon as they heard the cracking sound.)
2. We stayed in the shelter till the storm ended.
3. You should make a shopping list first before you go shopping/before going shopping.
(Before you go shopping/going shopping, you should make a shopping list first.)
4. After the flood waters drained, we returned home.
(We returned home after the flood waters drained)
5. While we were surfing the Internet, we saw calls for joining programmes to save endangered
species.
(We saw calls for joining programmes to save endangered species while we were surfing the
Internet.)

REVIEW 3
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. tsunami B. storm C. castle D. pollutant
2. A. poison B. disaster C. disease D. consider
3. A. land B. permanent C. natural D. contaminate
4. A. legend B. damage C. victim D. severe
5. A. flooded B. happened C. rescued D. changed
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. atmosphere B. endanger C. powerful D. temperature
2. A. eruption B. equipment C. tornado D. industry
3. A. environmental B. participation C. communicative D. contamination
4. A. protect B. local C. global D. carbon
5. A. natural B. dangerous C. cathedral D. poisonous
III. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. ______________ often complain about poor quality and high prices. (shop)
2. Pollution in rivers caused the ______________ of about ten million fish or half of the total. (die)
3. A cloud of ______________ ash was spreading across wide areas of the Philippines. (volcano)
4. Many families continue to live in their ______________ houses or temporary shelters. (damage)
5. ______________ such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide are linked to childhood cancer.
(pollute)
6. Major cities around the world are facing with ______________ gases from vehicles and factories.
(poison)
7. Homemade cakes are the ______________ of this village. (special)
8. Their shop is ______________ located within the town centre. (convenience)
9. Wild animals lost their habitats due to large-scale environmental ______________. (destruct)
10. Earthquakes are one of the most ______________ and damaging disasters. (predict)
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. A(n) ______________ price is a non-negotiable sum charged for a product, service or piece of
work.
A. bargaining B. fixed C. discount D. expensive
2. They reduced street advertisements to free the city from ______________ pollution.
A. visual B. view C. viewer D. vision
3. The melting of the earth’s ice masses has increased due to the ______________ of fossil fuels.
A. reducing B. cutting C. rising D. burning
4. A(n) ______________ is a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 118 to 184 kph.
A. earthquake B. typhoon C. landslide D. tsunami
5. A ______________ store is usually open in a convenient location that is close to customers.
A. home-grown B. convenience C. homemade D. convenient
6. ______________ pollution caused by smoke and dust impacts the environment and public health.
A. Noise B. Soil C. Air D. Water
7. Our shop has a wide ______________ of tools, gardening and home improvement products.
A. type B. rank C. kind D. range
8. Your ______________ should include items for your essential needs in the event of an emergency
or natural disaster.
A. emergency kit B. shopping cart C. recycle bin D. practical tips
9. Hundreds of buildings were destroyed when the earthquake ______________ the city.
A. buried B. shook C. scattered D. collapsed
10. Open-air markets, commonly known as ______________ markets, are the traditional
marketplaces in the rural areas.
A. outdoor B. online C. 24/7 D. offline
V. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. To prepare for natural disasters, we should learn ______ the risks in our area.
2. The chemical waste of the factory was dumped ______ the river.
3. An ecosystem may be a whole forest or a small pond, and it can be ______ any size.
4. There are certain things I will never buy ______ full price.
5. Julia went straight ______ the gym after she left home last Friday evening.
6. Water pollution is the contamination of bodies of water, usually ______ human activities.
7. Temporary shelter will be provided ______ homeless people.
8. You will never find out what happened ______ this shopping app.
9. Customers can try ______ clothes and shoes in any supermarket.
10. A seven-year-old boy was rescued ______ a forest fire by his pet dog.
VI. Supply the correct tense of the verbs in the brackets.
1. If the weather ______________ (not, affect) either performers or audience, the show will go on.
2. When Mayon volcano in the Philippines ______________ (erupt) in 1814, it killed more than 1,000
people.
3. The first Philippine flight of the day ______________ (leave) at 03:00 pm from Manila to Toronto.
4. While he ______________ (work) on the field, the tornado hit the area.
5. WHO reports that in 2012 around 7 million people ______________ (die) as a result of air
pollution.
6. Ms. Susan, I promise I ______________ (meet) all the deadlines.
7. We frequently ______________ (purchase) items with the conviction that we need them.
8. My sister, Ana, was travelling in Miami when the hurricane ______________ (strike) the city.
9. ______________ (you, travel) on the road near the mountain when the landslide happened?
10. I think you need to put on a coat now because the wind ______________ (blow) hard.
VII. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We _________ lunch in a restaurant in Japan when the whole building _________ to shake.
A. had - started B. were having – started
C. were having - was starting D. had - was starting
2. You _________ a sale when you _________ for luxury goods online.
A. can always get - shop B. always can get – shopped
C. can get always - shop D. can always get – will shop
3. I _________ on clothes or shoes before buying to see if they _________ me.
A. am usually trying - are fitting B. try usually – fit
C. usually try - were fitting D. usually try – fit
4. He _________ to start earning a living even while he _________ with his loss.
A. was urgently needing - was dealing B. urgently needed – dealt
C. needed urgently - dealt D. urgently needed - was dealing
5. She _________ the lesson when suddenly she _________ a noise and things to shake.
A. was revising - heard – started B. revised - was hearing - was starting
C. revised - heard - started D. revised - was hearing – started
6. Thousands of people _________ shelter, food and water after a storm _________ the villages.
A. were needing - was striking B. need - was striking
C. need - struck D. needed – strikes
7. Earthquakes _________ every day in the world, but they _________ only a small percentage of
natural disasters.
A. happened - made up B. are happening - are making up
C. happen - make up D. are happening - make up
8. The army _________ building this road as soon as they _________ over the region in 2022.
A. were beginning - took B. began – took
C. were beginning - were taking D. began - were taking
9. When I _________ making face masks, I _________ them to my brother’s kiosk so that he
_________ them.
A. have finished - bring - could sell B. finish - will bring – can sell
C. will finish - would bring - can sell D. finished - will bring - will sell
10. Mr. Ferdinand _________ a tornado coming towards him while he _________ on a highway.
A. saw - drove B. was seeing – drove
C. was seeing - was driving D. saw - was driving
VIII. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Mrs. Parker writes many articles on the environment while she was still a student.
A. writes B. on C. while D. was
2. Parents shouldn’t keep children and pets away until they complete the clean-up.
A. shouldn’t keep B. away C. complete D. clean-up
3. We will let you know as soon as we will secure funding to continue this research.
A. will let B. know C. will secure D. to continue
4. Finding a product on the Internet is easier much than running through your local store.
A. Finding B. easier much C. running D. local store
5. When greenhouse gases build in the atmosphere, it acts like a blanket around the earth.
A. When B. build C. it D. like
6. I didn’t check Facebook at 7pm yesterday, but I was watching the news about the flood.
A. didn’t check B. at C. was watching D. about
7. Jack and Jane were still discussing the trends of fashion when I get back to their room.
A. were still discussing B. of C. when D. get
8. Whether you’re worried on a pandemic or a natural disaster, it’s always good to be prepared.
A. Whether B. on C. or D. to be prepared
9. A growing number of cars and heavy industry causes the low quality of air in the cities.
A. growing B. heavy C. causes D. low quality of air
10. Individual vendors bring their home-grow fruits and vegetables to open-air markets every day.
A. Individual B. bring C. home grow D. to
IX. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
Is it true that pollution causes deathly diseases?
There must be some solutions to this.
But it's unusual when people have cancers at young age.
Moreover, the area will also be polluted someday if you don't protect it.
I've read about that kind of news for many times.
I really hope so.
Then we all will have healthy life.
Pollution can even lead to other dangerous things such as global warming and natural
disasters.
Brenda: Look at this headline, Steven! “Childhood cancer due to polluted living environment”
Steven: (1) __________________________ It’s not strange to me now.
Brenda: Really? (2) __________________________
Steven: Humans have polluted the environment for a long time, so they suffer the
consequence.
Brenda: (3) __________________________
Steven: Well, there have been lots of researches proving that polluted air and contaminated
food chain are linked to several diseases including lung cancers, cancers of the
digestive organs, and heart attacks. (4) __________________________
Brenda: Oh, I’ve read some articles about the relation between climate change and some
natural disasters. It’s real and considerable. (5) __________________________
Steven: We can choose to live in unpolluted areas, or we should help together to reduce the
pollution. (6) __________________________
Brenda: Living in an unpolluted area? It seems ideal, but most of the unpolluted areas are
located in remote regions. (7) __________________________ So the better solution is
the second one - reducing pollution to protect the environment.
Steven: Yes. I think everybody knows it. I believe dangerous things like cancers or disasters will
decrease when the world become greener.
Brenda: (8) __________________________
X. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
burning controlled negative deaths factories pollutants matter emit
Air pollution is the addition of gases, chemicals, and particle (1) ______________ into the
atmosphere. Air pollution primarily comes from burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, petroleum,
and coal. A study has listed air pollution as the cause of four percent of the (2) ______________ in
the United States.
Humans are the main cause of air pollution. Industry, including (3) ______________ and power
plants, burns large quantities of fuel. (4) ______________ coal and petroleum releases sulfur oxides
and nitrogen oxide into the air. Airplanes, boats, and cars burn petroleum, releasing carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide. The waste in landfills releases methane. Sulfur oxides, carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide, and methane all have a very (5) ____________ effect on air quality.
These (6) ____________ can also contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Some air pollution is not directly caused by humans: for example, animals (7) ______________
carbon dioxide when they breathe, and volcanoes release sulfur oxide. However, most air pollution is
linked directly or indirectly to human activity. This means that air pollution can be best (8)
______________ by modifying human activity to burn a smaller quantity of fossil fuels.
XI. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Natural phenomena can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if preventive measures have
not been taken or if some human activities have harmed the natural environment or upset the
balance of the ecosystem.
For instance, too much water that the soil is unable to absorb can cause floods, while too little water
in some regions can lead to drought. But people can make the situation worse, for example when
trees are chopped down and no new ones are planted. This makes the soil very dry and dusty, which
can lead to erosion. When the rains come, there are not enough roots and vegetation to bind the soil
together, and a landslide can occur.
Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly by people. Farmers, for example, sometimes burn
their fields to get rid of weeds before planting, and the fire can get out of control. Sometimes people
are careless with cigarettes or forget to put out bonfires when they go camping. A little spark is
sometimes all it takes to start a fire.
If we destroy parts of nature such as coral reefs, forests, or fragile mountain plants, we are
destroying the natural barriers that protect us from tsunamis, drought, landslides, floods and other
hazards.
1. _____ Natural phenomena strike very hard because people have no preventive measures.
2. _____ Either too much water or too little water can lead to disasters.
3. _____ The number of trees in the region doesn’t worsen the natural disasters.
4. _____ Chopping down trees without planting new ones can result in erosion.
5. _____ The soil that has roots and vegetation can lead to a landslide when rains come.
6. _____ Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly by burning fields.
7. _____ A wildfire can be caused by a cigarette, a bonfire, or even a little spark.
8. _____ Coral reefs, forests, or fragile mountain plants can protect us from tsunamis, drought,
landslides, floods and other hazards.
XII. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. I’m / with / today, / my project / we’ll / on / so / Wednesday / go shopping / too busy
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. has passed, / After the storm / the residents / their debris / prepare / for collection
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. the atmosphere / People / tools / carbon / before it / need / hits / to capture and store
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. came suddenly / While / were / the students / near the river, / the flood / camping
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. before / Solar energy / some drawbacks / it / main energy source / becomes / a / still has
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. atmospheric temperatures / When / will increase / rise, / water vapour concentrations
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. in agriculture / fertilizers and pesticides / affects / the whole food chain / The overuse of
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. I’m / to / a complaint about / make / from you / the handbag I ordered / last week / calling
__________________________________________________________________________________
XIII. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. Everyone ran right after the tsunami siren went off.
 As soon as
2. They predict the hurricane won’t hit the city, but the residents still get prepared for the worst.
 Although
3. The guidelines for evacuation will be useless if people don’t read and follow them.
 Unless people
4. Angelina is too young to go to a party for adults.
 Angelina isn’t
5. It was such a strong tsunami that thousands of people were killed.
 The tsunami was so
6. The firemen spent three days putting out the forest fire.
 It took
7. Let’s go to a shopping mall instead of surfing the online stores.
 Why don’t
8. I have to prepare meals on my own, so I often buy groceries.
 Since