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    05-Stress Mohr 01

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Moreno

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Stress

     Normal stress is normal to a surface, designated by 𝜎𝜎

     Tangential shear stress is tangent to a surface, designated by 𝜏𝜏

     Normal stress acting outward on surface is tensile stress

     Normal stress acting inward on surface is compressive stress

     U.S. Customary units of stress are pounds per square inch (psi)

     SI units of stress are Newtons per square meter (𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 )

     1 𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 1 Pascal (Pa)


    Stress element

     Represents stress at a point

     Coordinate directions are arbitrary

     Choosing coordinates which result in zero shear stress will produce


    principal stresses
    Cartesian Stress Components
     Defined by three mutually orthogonal surfaces at a point within a body

     Each surface can have normal and shear stress

     Shear stress is often resolved into perpendicular components

     First subscript indicates direction of surface normal

     Second subscript indicates direction of shear stress


    Cartesian Stress Components
     “Cross shears” are equal

     Plane stress occurs when stresses on one surface are zero


    Plane-Stress Transformation Equations
     Cutting plane stress element at an arbitrary angle and balancing stresses
    gives plane-stress transformation equations
    Principal Stresses for Plane Stress
     Differentiating Eq. (3–8) with respect to 𝜙𝜙 and setting equal to zero
    maximizes 𝜎𝜎 and gives

     The two values of 2𝜙𝜙𝑝𝑝 are the principal directions.

     The stresses in the principal directions are the principal stresses.

     The principal direction surfaces have zero shear stresses.

     Substituting Eq. (3–10) into Eq. (3–8) gives expression for the non-zero
    principal stresses.

     Note that there is a third principal stress, equal to zero for plane stress.
    Extreme-value Shear Stresses for Plane Stress

     Performing similar procedure with shear stress in Eq. (3–9), the maximum
    shear stresses are found to be on surfaces that are ±45º from the principal
    directions.

     The two extreme-value shear stresses are


    Maximum Shear Stress
     There are always three principal stresses. One is zero for plane stress.

     There are always three extreme-value shear stresses.

     The maximum shear stress is always the greatest of these three.

     Eq. (3–14) will not give the maximum shear stress in cases where there are
    two non-zero principal stresses that are both positive or both negative.

     If principal stresses are ordered so that 𝜎𝜎1 > 𝜎𝜎2 > 𝜎𝜎3 ,
    then 𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝜏𝜏1/3
    Mohr’s Circle Diagram
     A graphical method for visualizing the stress state at a point

     Represents relation between x-y stresses and principal stresses

     Parametric relationship between 𝜎𝜎 and 𝜏𝜏 (with 2𝜙𝜙 as parameter)

     Relationship is a circle with center at

    𝐶𝐶 = 𝜎𝜎, 𝜏𝜏 = 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 ⁄2 , 0

    and radius of

    2
    σ x − σ y 
    =R   + τ 2
    xy
     2 
    Mohr’s Circle Diagram
    Principal stresses

    Max shear

    Principal orientation angle

    Center of the circle


    𝐶𝐶 = 𝜎𝜎, 𝜏𝜏 = 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 ⁄2 , 0

    Radius of the circle


    2
    σ x − σ y 
     + τ xy
    2
    =R 
     2 
    Example 3-4
    Example

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