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Lecture 5 Conditional Statements in JAVA

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10 views

Lecture 5 Conditional Statements in JAVA

Uploaded by

Khunsha farooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAVA Programming (CST015)

Lecture 5: Conditional Statements in JAVA

Department of Computer Science and Engineering


National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
March 16, 2023
The if Statement
• The Java if statement has the following syntax:

if (boolean-condition)
statement;

• If the Boolean condition is true, the statement is executed; if it is


false, the statement is skipped
• This provides basic decision making capabilities
The if-else Statement
• An else clause can be added to an if statement to make an if-else
statement
if ( condition )
statement1;
else
statement2;
• If the condition is true, statement1 is executed; if the condition is
false, statement2 is executed
• One or the other will be executed, but not both
Indentation Revisited
• Remember that indentation is for the human reader
and is ignored by the Java compiler
int a =10;
if(a<9)
System.out.println("Value is less than 9");
++a;
System.out.println("I should not be executed"+a);

Despite what is implied by the indentation, the


increment will occur. No matter, the if condition
is true or not.
Block Statements
• Several statements can be grouped into a block statement delimited
by braces
if (total > MAX)
{
System.out.println ("Error!!");
errorCount++;
}
Now the increment will only occur
when the if condition is true

• A block statement can be used wherever a statement is called for in


the Java syntax
5
The else if Statement
• Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the first condition is false.
if (condition1) {
// block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
}
else if (condition2) {
// block of code to be executed
if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
}
else {
// block of code to be executed
if the condition1 is false and condition2 is false
}
Example
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a=19;
if (a==18)
{
System.out.println("age is 18");
}
else if (a>18)
{
System.out.println("age is greater than 18");
}
else
{
System.out.println("age is less than 18");
}
}
}
If if-else without default else case
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a=19;
if (a==18)
{
System.out.println("age is 18");
}
else if (a>18)
{
System.out.println("age is greater than 18");
}
}
}
Output?
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = 10, b = 5;

if(a > b)
System.out.print("A is greater");
else;
System.out.print("B is greater");

}
}
Solution to Previous Question
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = 10, b = 5;

if(a > b)
System.out.println("A is greater");
else;
System.out.print("B is greater");
}
}
Output will be:
A is greater
B is greater
because the semicolon after the else statement creates an empty block,
so the next line ("System.out.print("B is greater")") is executed unconditionally, regardless of the condition in
the if statement.
Output?
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{

int a = 10, b = 5, c = 2;
if(a > b || ++c == 3)
System.out.print("A is greater");
else
System.out.print("B is greater");
System.out.print(c);
}
}
Solution to Previous Question
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{

int a = 10, b = 5, c = 2;
if(a > b || ++c == 3)
System.out.print("A is greater");
else
System.out.print("B is greater");
System.out.print(c);
}
}
Output:
A is greater
2

This is because the || operator (logical OR) is used here, which evaluates the left-hand side first.
Since a > b is true, the right-hand side (++c == 3) is not evaluated, and the if block is executed. The
value of c remains 2 because ++c == 3 is not executed.
Output?
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{

int a = 10, b = 5, c = 2;
if (a > b && ++c == 3)
System.out.print("a is greater");
else
System.out.print("b is greater");
System.out.print(c);

}
}
Solution to Previous Question
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{

int a = 10, b = 5, c = 2;
if (a > b && ++c == 3)
System.out.print("a is greater");
else
System.out.print("b is greater");
System.out.print(c);

}
}
Output: a is greater 3
because the && operator (logical AND) is used here, and both conditions must be true for the if
block to be executed. Since a > b is true, the right-hand side (++c == 3) is also evaluated, and the
value of c is incremented to 3.
Program:
Checking whether a number is Even or not
Switch Statements in Java
• Use the switch statement to select one of many code blocks to be executed.
switch(expression) {
case x:
// code block
break;
case y:
// code block
break;
default:
// code block
}
Switch Statements in Java
This is how it works:
• The switch expression is evaluated once.
• The value of the expression is compared with the values of each
case.
• If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed.
• The break and default keywords are optional,
The break Keyword
• When Java reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block.

• This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the
block.

• When a match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break.
There is no need for more testing.
The default Keyword
• The default keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case
match
Output?
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{

char ch = 'A';
switch (ch) {
case 'a':
System.out.print("a");
case 'A':
System.out.print("A");
case 'b':
System.out.print("b");
default:
System.out.print("Default");
}
}
}
Output?
public class Vote
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = 10, b = 5;
switch (a - b) {
case 2:
System.out.print("Two");
break;
case 5:
System.out.print("Five");
break;
case 10:
System.out.print("Ten");
break;
default:
System.out.print("Default");
}
}}

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