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Java Lesson 6

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15 views

Java Lesson 6

Uploaded by

egankian797
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Content

Java Lesson 6 • Java If ... Else


➢ Java Conditions
Java From Scratch
➢ The if Statement
➢ The else Statement
➢ The else if Statement
➢ Java Short Hand If...Else

• Java Switch
➢ Java Switch Statements
➢ The break Keyword
➢ The default Keyword
Java If ... Else
Java Conditions and If Statements
You already know that Java supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:
• Less than: a < b
• Less than or equal to: a <= b
• Greater than: a > b
• Greater than or equal to: a >= b
• Equal to a == b
• Not Equal to: a != b

You can use these conditions to perform different actions for different decisions.
Java has the following conditional statements:
• Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true
• Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false
• Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false
• Use switch to specify many alternative blocks of code to be executed

The if Statement
Use the if statement to specify a block of Java code to be executed if a condition is true.
Syntax
if (condition) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
}

Note that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate an error.
In the example below, we test two values to find out if 20 is greater than 18. If the condition is true,
print some text:
Example
if (20 > 18) {
System.out.println("20 is greater than 18");
}
We can also test variables:
Example
int x = 20;
int y = 18;
if (x > y) {
System.out.println("x is greater than y");
}

Example explained
In the example above we use two variables, x and y, to test whether x is greater than y (using
the > operator). As x is 20, and y is 18, and we know that 20 is greater than 18, we print to the screen
that "x is greater than y".
The else Statement
Use the else statement to specify a block of code to be executed if the condition is false.
Syntax
if (condition) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
} else {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is false
}
Example
int time = 20;
Example explained
if (time < 18) {
System.out.println("Good day.");
In the example, time (20) is greater than 18, so the
} else { condition is false. Because of this, we move on to
System.out.println("Good evening."); the else condition and print to the screen "Good
} evening". If the time was less than 18, the program
// Outputs "Good evening." would print "Good day".

The else if Statement


Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the first condition is false.
Syntax
if (condition1) {
// block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
} else {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is false
}
Example Example explained
int time = 22;
In the example above, time (22) is greater than 10, so
if (time < 10) {
the first condition is false. The next condition, in
System.out.println("Good morning.");
the else if statement, is also false, so we move on to
} else if (time < 18) {
the else condition since condition1 and condition2 is
System.out.println("Good day."); both false - and print to the screen "Good evening".
} else {
System.out.println("Good evening."); However, if the time was 14, our program would print
}
"Good day."
// Outputs "Good evening."
Exercise:
Print "Hello World" if x is greater than y.
int x = 50;
int y = 10;
(x y) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
Java Short Hand If...Else (Ternary Operator)
Short Hand If...Else

There is also a short-hand if else, which is known as the ternary operator because it consists of three
operands.

It can be used to replace multiple lines of code with a single line, and is most often used to replace
simple if else statements:

Syntax
variable = (condition) ? expressionTrue : expressionFalse;

Instead of writing:
Example
int time = 20;
if (time < 18) {
System.out.println("Good day.");
} else {
System.out.println("Good evening.");
}

You can simply write:

Example
int time = 20;
String result = (time < 18) ? "Good day." : "Good evening.";
System.out.println(result);

Exercise:

Insert the missing parts to complete the following "short hand if...else" statement:

int time = 20;

String result = time < 18 "Good day." "Good


evening.";
System.out.println(result);
Java Switch
Java Switch Statements
Instead of writing many if..else statements, you can use the switch statement.
The switch statement selects one of many code blocks to be executed:
Syntax
switch(expression) {
case x:
// code block
break;
case y:
// code block
break;
default:
// code block
}

This is how it works:


• The switch expression is evaluated once.
• The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case.
• If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed.
• The break and default keywords are optional, and will be described later in this chapter
The example below uses the weekday number to calculate the weekday name:
Example
int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("Thursday");
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("Friday");
break;
case 6:
System.out.println("Saturday");
break;
case 7:
System.out.println("Sunday");
break;
}
// Outputs "Thursday" (day 4)
The break Keyword

When Java reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block.

This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the block.

When a match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break. There is no need for more testing.

A break can save a lot of execution time because it "ignores" the execution of all the rest of the code in
the switch block.

The default Keyword


The default keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case match:
Example
int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 6:
System.out.println("Today is Saturday");
break;
case 7:
System.out.println("Today is Sunday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Looking forward to the Weekend");
}
// Outputs "Looking forward to the Weekend"

Note that if the default statement is used as the last statement in a switch block, it does not need a break.

Exercise:

Insert the missing parts to complete the following switch statement.

int day = 2;
switch ( ) {
1:
System.out.println("Saturday");
break;
2:
System.out.println("Sunday");
;
}

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