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    Adc Dac

    Uploaded by

    yani
    analog digital ptesentation

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Adc Dac

    Uploaded by

    yani
    16 views22 pages
    analog digital ptesentation

    Original Title

    adc-dac

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    analog digital ptesentation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views22 pages

    Adc Dac

    Uploaded by

    yani
    analog digital ptesentation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 22

    Digital-to-Analog

    Analog-to-Digital

    Microprocessor Interface
    Data Handling Systems

     Both data about the physical world and control


    signals sent to interact with the physical world
    are typically "analog" or continuously varying
    quantities.
     In order to use the power of digital electronics,
    one must convert from analog to digital form on
    the experimental measurement end and
    convert from digital to analog form on the
    control or output end of a laboratory system.
    Data Collection and Control
    Digital-to-Analog Conversion [DAC]
    Digital-to-Analog Conversion

     When data is in binary form, the 0's and


    1's may be of several forms such as the
    TTL form where the logic zero may be a
    value up to 0.8 volts and the 1 may be a
    voltage from 2 to 5 volts.
     The data can be converted to clean
    digital form using gates which are
    designed to be on or off depending on
    the value of the incoming signal.
    Digital-to-Analog Conversion

     Data in clean binary digital form can be


    converted to an analog form by using a
    summing amplifier.
     For example, a simple 4-bit D/A
    converter can be made with a four-input
    summing amplifier.
    Digital-to-Analog Conversion

     3 Basic Approaches:

     Kelvin Divider (String DAC)


     Binary Weighted DAC
     R-2R Ladder
    Kelvin Divider (String DAC)
    A Slight Modification to a Kelvin
    DAC Yields a"Digital Potentiometer"
    Weighted Sum DAC

     One way to achieve D/A conversion is to


    use a summing amplifier.
     This approach is not satisfactory for a
    large number of bits because it requires
    too much precision in the summing
    resistors.
     This problem is overcome in the R-2R
    network DAC.
    Current Soruce Weighted
    Sum DAC
    Weighted Sum DAC
    R-2R Ladder DAC

    Voltage Mode Current Mode


    R-2R Ladder DAC
    R-2R Ladder DAC
    R-2R Ladder DAC

     The summing amplifier with the R-2R ladder of


    resistances shown produces the output where
    the D's take the value 0 or 1.
     The digital inputs could be TTL voltages which
    close the switches on a logical 1 and leave it
    grounded for a logical 0.
     This is illustrated for 4 bits, but can be
    extended to any number with just the
    resistance values R and 2R.
    Analog to Digital
    Conversion [ADC]
    ADC Basic Principle

     The basic principle of operation is to use


    the comparator principle to determine
    whether or not to turn on a particular bit
    of the binary number output.
     It is typical for an ADC to use a digital-to-
    analog converter (DAC) to determine one
    of the inputs to the comparator.
    ADC Various Approaches

     3 Basic Types

     Digital-Ramp ADC
     Successive Approximation ADC
     Flash ADC
    Digital-Ramp ADC

     Conversion from analog to digital form


    inherently involves comparator action
    where the value of the analog voltage at
    some point in time is compared with
    some standard.
     A common way to do that is to apply the
    analog voltage to one terminal of a
    comparator and trigger a binary counter
    which drives a DAC.
    Digital-Ramp ADC
    Digital-Ramp ADC

     The output of the DAC is applied to the


    other terminal of the comparator.
     Since the output of the DAC is increasing
    with the counter, it will trigger the
    comparator at some point when its
    voltage exceeds the analog input.
     The transition of the comparator stops
    the binary counter, which at that point
    holds the digital value corresponding to
    the analog voltage.

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