COURSE HANDOUT

th
B.Tech- 5 Semester

Course Title : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Dated: 27-06-2022

Course Code : 20CE502 Academic Year: 2022-23
Course Structure : 3-1-0-3
Course coordinator : Dr. R. Gokulan
Instructor(s) : Dr. R. Gokulan / Mr. K. Raviteja

Course Description

Water is the main source for a human being for their day-to-day activities. Due to the increase in
population, usage of water increased and water demand also increased. The optimum use of water is
one of the major challenges in recent years. To overcome this issue, recycling wastewater and
protecting surface and groundwater from pollution will give a solution. Environmental Engineering is
handling water and wastewater treatment. Water consumption is based on several factors and these
factors will vary from place to place. So, it is very important to understand these factors before
developing and water distribution networks. Industries generate a huge quantity of wastewater daily
and this affects the quality of the surface and groundwater. So, treatment of these wastewaters in
industries is very important. Treatment methods are generally classified as physical, chemical, and
biological treatment methods. So, the course mainly focuses on sources and quality of water,
design of water treatment units, sewage quality and design of sewage treatment units, sludge
handling and design of ponds.

Scope and objective of course

This course is designed for the V semester of B. Tech Students and is intended to make the students
understand the basic concepts on quality of water, design of water treatment units, sewage quality
and design of sewage treatment units, sludge handling and design of ponds.

Course Objectives

The main objective of the course is to

1. Develop overall technical competence in the students for understanding the concepts of the subject
and enabling them to address the industry problems
2. Update student’s knowledge in planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance aspects
of water supply and sewerage systems.
3. Reinforce management skills with regard to sustainable water supply and sewerage facilities.
4. Provide theoretical background and practical expertise in the field of water supply and sewerage
engineering.

Course Outcomes

1. Explain the necessity of water supply system and characteristics of water and wastewater
2. Classify and Compare the conveyance systems and the appurtenances used in the water supply
system.
3. Design various units of conventional water treatment plant and water supply system
4. Explain the need for advanced treatment processes in water and wastewater treatment.
5. Design various units in the wastewater treatment plant
6. Adapt a treatment unit for the safe disposal of sludge and effluent into the environment

COs-POs Mapping
COs PO PO PO PSO1
3 6 7 2
1 1 2 3 2
2 2 2 3 2
3 3 2 3 2
4 2 2 3 2
5 3 2 3 2
6 2 2 3 2
3 – Strongly linked | 2 – Moderately linked | 1 – Weakly linked

Syllabus

Unit I
Water Demand and Quality

Water Demand: Public water supply system, Planning, Objectives, Design period, Population
forecasting; Water demand.
Water Quality: Development and selection of source, Source Water quality, Characterization,
Significance, Drinking Water quality standards; intake structures, Functions.
Laying, jointing and testing of pipes; appurtenances
9+3 Hours
Unit II
Design of Water Treatment Units

Objectives, Unit operations and processes, Principles, functions, design of water treatment plant units;
aerators, flash mixers, Coagulation and flocculation, Clarifloccuator, Plate and tube settlers; sand
filters; Disinfection; Residue Management; Water softening, Construction, Operation and Maintenance
aspects.
Desalination Process; Membrane Filtration
9+4 Hours
Unit III
Sewage Quality and Design of Sewage Treatment Units

Objectives, Unit Operations and Processes, Selection of treatment processes, Onsite sanitation, - Septic
tank, - Grey water harvesting,
Primary treatment: Principles, functions and design of sewage treatment units, Screens, Grit
Chamber, Primary Sedimentation tanks, Construction, Operation and Maintenance aspects.
Secondary Treatment: Activated Sludge Process and Extended aeration systems, Trickling filters,
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), Membrane Bioreactor, UASB, Waste Stabilization Ponds, Other
treatment methods, Reclamation and Reuse of sewage, Recent Advances in Sewage Treatment.
Construction, Operation and Maintenance aspects; Sewer Appurtenances
15+34Hours
Unit IV
Design of Ponds and Sludge Disposal

Effluent Disposal: Standards for Disposal, Methods, dilution, Self-purification of river, Oxygen sag
curve, deoxygenation and reaeration, Streeter–Phelps model, Land disposal of Sewage.
Sludge Disposal: Sludge characterization, Thickening, Sludge digestion, Standard rate and High rate
digester design, Biogas recovery, Sludge Conditioning and Dewatering, Sludge drying beds,
Ultimate residue disposal and recent advances; Soil Dispersion System.
12+4 Hours
Total: 45+15 Hours
Textbook (s)

1.B.C. Punmia, Ashok Jain &Arun Jain, Water Supply Engineering, Vol. 1, Wastewater Engineering, Vol.
II, 2nd Ed., Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2016
2.G.S. Birdi, Water supply and Sanitary Engineering, Revised Ed., Dhanpat Rai & Sons Publishers, 2015
3.K.N. Duggal, Elements of Environmental Engineering, 3rd Ed., S. Chand Publishers, 2010

Reference (s)
1. Garg, S.K. Environmental Engineering, Vol.I, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2010
2. Garg, S.K., Environmental Engineering Vol. II, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2015
3. Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems Part A, B and C, CPHEEO, Ministry of
Urban Development, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
4. Metcalf and Eddy- Wastewater Engineering–Treatment and Reuse, Tata Mc.Graw-Hill Company,
New Delhi, 2010.
5. Syed R. Qasim “Wastewater Treatment Plants”, CRC Press, Washington D.C.,2010 4. Gray N.F,
“Water Technology”, Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.
Course plan

Lecture Learning Topic(s) to be covered Chapter in the

No. Objectives text book/
reference book
Unit I- Water Demand and Quality
Per Capita Demand, Water Public water supply system, R1-C2
Supply scheme, Life period Planning, Objectives, Design period
1
of water component
system
Different methods to Population forecasting Methods R1-C2
2 calculate the future
population
Example for how to Population forecasting Problems R1-C2
3 calculate the future
population based on past
4 Tutorial 1 (Practice Session)
Factors governing the Water demand R1-C2
5
water demand
Factors governing the Development and selection of R1-C3
6
selection of drinking water source
7 Different sources of water Source Water quality R1-C3
Physical, chemical and Characteristics of Water R1-C8
8 biological characteristics
of water
9 Tutorial 2 (Practice Session)
BIS Standards for drinking Drinking Water quality standards R1-C8
10
water
Different types of intake Intake structures, Functions R1-C5
11 structures for different
sources of water
12 Tutorial 3 (Practice Session)
Unit II-Design of Water Treatment Units
Basic principles of water Objectives, Unit operations and R1-C9
13
treatment units processes, Principles
Types of aerators and Design of water treatment plant R1-C9
14
mixers units; aerators, flash mixers
Feeding devises, Coagulation and flocculation R1-C9
15 coagulants and jar
apparatus test
16 Tutorial 4 (Practice Session)
Sedimentation tank Clarifloccuator R1-C9
17
Principle and types
 Need of Plate and tube Plate and tube settlers R1-C9
18 settlers in sedimentation
tank
19 Tutorial 5 (Practice Session)
Types and design of sand Sand filters R1-C9
20
filters
21 Tutorial 6 (Practice Session)
Types of disinfection Disinfection R1-C9
22 process and types of
chlorination process
Temporary and Water softening R1-C9
23
Permanent Hardness
Maintenance of water Residue Management and R1-C9
24 treatment plants Construction, Operation and
Maintenance aspects
25 Tutorial 7 (Practice Session)
Unit III/Sewage Quality and Design of Sewage Treatment Units
Basics of wastewater Objectives, Unit Operations and R2-C9
treatment plant and Processes, Selection of treatment
26
selection of treatment processes
units
Septic Tank and Soak Pit Onsite sanitation, - Septic tank, - R2-C9
27 principle design, Grey water harvesting
construction and working
28 Tutorial 8 (Practice Session)
Layout of sewage Principles, functions and design of R2-C9
29 treatment plant and sewage treatment units
objectives
Types of screens and Screens R2-C9
30
design
Types of grit chamber and Grit Chamber R2-C9
31
design
Principle of primary Primary Sedimentation tanks R2-C9
32 clarifier, design and types
of tanks
33 Tutorial 9 (Practice Session)
Maintenance of sewage Construction, Operation and R2-C9
34
treatment plant Maintenance aspects
Types of ASP, Design and Activated Sludge Process R2-C9
35
working
Need to Extended aeration Extended aeration systems R2-C9
36
system
Types of trickling filters Trickling filters R2-C9
37
and principle
38 Design of trickling filter Trickling filters - Design R2-C9
39 Tutorial 10 (Practice Session)
SBR and MBR in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and R2-C9
40 wastewater treatment Membrane Bioreactor
plant.
Anaerobic digestion tank, UASB and Waste Stabilization Ponds R2-C9
aerobic digestion process,
41
oxidation ditch and
oxidation pond
Recycling and reuse of Other treatment methods and R2-C9
42
treated wastewater Reclamation and Reuse of sewage
Advanced treatment Recent Advances in Sewage R2-C9
43 methods for removal of Treatment
toxic pollutants
44 Tutorial 11 (Practice Session)
Unit IV- Design of Ponds and Sludge Disposal
Effluent discharge Standards for Disposal, Methods, R2-C8
45 standards and basic dilution,
principle of dilution
Factors governing the self- Self-purification of river R2-C8
46
purification process
Oxygen sag curve, Oxygen sag curve, Deoxygenation R2-C8
47 reoxygenation and and Reaeration
deoxygenation process
48 Tutorial 12 (Practice Session)
49 Oxygen deficit, critical DO Streeter–Phelps model - Derivation R2-C8
Problems for self- Streeter–Phelps model Problems R2-C8
50
purification process
51 Tutorial 13 (Practice Session)
Disposal methods of Land disposal of Sewage R2-C8
52
sewage to land
53 Sludge treatment methods Sludge characterization R2-C9
Methods of sludge Sludge Thickening R2-C9
54
thickening process
55 Tutorial 14 (Practice Session)
Methods of sludge Sludge digestion R2-C9
56 digestion process and
principle
Types of biogas recovery Standard rate and High rate digester R2-C9
57
methods design, Biogas recovery
Methods for sludge Sludge Conditioning and Dewatering R2-C9
58
conditioning
Basic principle, Sludge drying beds R2-C9
59 construction and working
of sludge drying beds
60 Tutorial 15 (Practice Session)
Evaluation scheme

Duration
Component (in Marks % of Weightage Date and Time Venue
minutes)
Sessional 30 22-08-22 to
90 30 Block 3
Test-1 (80% of highest 24-0-2022
Sessional marks + 20% of
90 30 Block 3
Test-2 lowest marks) 13-10-2022 to
Open Book 19-10-2022
60 10 10 Block-3
Examination
Semester 31-10-2022 to Will be
180 60 60
End Exam 12-11-2022 Informed

Chamber consultation hour: 4:00 PM

Venue: III Block-First Floor Staff Room
Notices: Civil Engg. Dept. Main Notice Board

Dr. R. Gokulan
Signature of the course
coordinator