CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Community immersion is a pivotal component of the educational and professional

development of criminology students, particularly those at the intern level. It involves

engaging students directly with the communities they study, providing a rich context for

theoretical learning, and fostering a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of

crime, justice, and social responses. One of the primary advantages of community

immersion is its ability to bridge the gap between academic theories and real-world

practices. Criminology encompasses a broad range of theories related to crime causation,

criminal behavior, and societal responses to crime. However, theoretical knowledge alone

can be insufficient for preparing students for the complexities of real-world criminal justice

environments. Community immersion provides a practical context in which students can

observe, participate in, and reflect on these complexities (Rade et al., 2020). Through

immersion programs, students gain firsthand experience in various community settings,

including urban neighborhoods, rural areas, and marginalized communities. This exposure

allows them to see the direct application of criminological theories in diverse contexts. For

instance, they may witness how social disorganization theory explains higher crime rates in

areas with limited social cohesion or how strain theory is manifested in communities facing

economic hardships. By engaging with community members, local law enforcement, and

social service agencies, students can better understand the nuanced dynamics that

influence crime and justice (Chappell & Maggard, 2021).

Community immersion also plays a crucial role in enhancing students' empathy and cultural

competence. Criminology students often study populations significantly different from their

own backgrounds. Direct interaction with these communities fosters a greater appreciation of

their unique challenges, cultural norms, and social structures. This experiential learning is

essential for developing empathy, a critical trait for professionals in the criminal justice field.

Empathy helps criminology students and future practitioners to approach their work with a
more compassionate and understanding perspective. It encourages them to consider the

human elements behind criminal behavior and recognize the impact of systemic issues such

as poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to education and healthcare. Cultural

competence, on the other hand, enables students to interact effectively with people from

diverse backgrounds, ensuring their professional practices are respectful and inclusive.

These skills are invaluable in fostering trust and cooperation between criminal justice

professionals and the communities they serve (Smith & Reside, 2021).

Another significant benefit of community immersion is the development of practical skills and

the establishment of professional networks. Internships and immersion programs often

involve hands-on activities such as conducting interviews, participating in community

meetings, and assisting with local crime prevention initiatives. These experiences help

students build a diverse skill set, including communication, critical thinking, problem-solving,

and project management. Moreover, immersion programs provide opportunities for students

to connect with professionals in the field, such as law enforcement officers, social workers,

legal experts, and community leaders. These connections can be instrumental in securing

future employment, gaining mentorship, and learning about various career paths within the

criminal justice system. Professional networks built during immersion experiences often

extend beyond the duration of the internship, providing ongoing support and guidance as

students transition into their careers (Jones et al., 2019).

Community immersion instills a sense of social responsibility and encourages active

community engagement among criminology students. By working directly with communities,

students become more aware of the societal impact of their future roles as criminal justice

professionals. They learn the importance of collaborating with community members to

address crime and safety concerns effectively. This engagement often leads to a more

proactive and community-oriented approach to criminal justice. Instead of relying solely on

punitive measures, students who have participated in immersion programs are more likely to

advocate for preventive and restorative justice practices. They recognize the value of
community-based strategies in reducing crime and promoting social harmony. This shift

towards a more holistic understanding of justice is essential for creating more equitable and

effective criminal justice systems (Zehr, 2022).

While community immersion offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges and

ethical considerations that must be addressed. One of the primary challenges is ensuring

that immersion experiences are conducted ethically and respectfully. It is crucial to approach

communities with sensitivity and avoid any actions that might exploit or harm vulnerable

populations. Establishing clear guidelines and training for students on ethical conduct is

essential for mitigating these risks. Additionally, there is a need to balance the educational

objectives of the immersion program with the needs and expectations of the community.

Successful immersion programs require collaboration and mutual respect between

educational institutions and community stakeholders. This collaboration ensures that the

community benefits from the program and that students gain meaningful and respectful

learning experiences (Finlay, 2019).

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK/RESEARCH PARADIGM

This study assesses the importance of community immersion in criminology internships by

profiling respondents. It examines the impact of criminological coursework and community

sites, methods training and community interaction opportunities, pre-immersion attitudes and

diverse environment exposure, as well as student preparation and institutional support.

INPUT PROCESS INPUT

Profile of the
Respondents
Criminological
coursework &
Community sites
Methods training & Profiling Assessed the
Community importance of
interaction Survey
community
opportunities Questionnaire
immersion in the
Pre-immersion DataAnalysis/ criminology
attitudes & Diverse Statistical Analysis internship
environment
exposure
Student preparation
&Institutional support

Feedback

Community immersion significantly enhances the practical understanding and application of

criminological theories. Students gain a deeper understanding of these theories by

witnessing their practical application in real-world scenarios, developing the ability to analyze

and address real-life crime issues. Additionally, community immersion fosters the

development of specific skills and competencies. Analytical skills are improved as students
analyze crime data and patterns within a community context. Communication skills are

enhanced through interactions with diverse community members and law enforcement.

Practical problem-solving skills in crime prevention and community safety initiatives are also

developed, along with increased awareness and sensitivity to ethical issues and cultural

dynamics within communities.

Community immersion influences students' perspectives and attitudes towards community

policing and crime prevention. Students develop more positive attitudes towards the role and

effectiveness of community policing, gain insights into the social and economic factors

influencing crime, and increase their empathy towards community members, leading to a

stronger commitment to collaborative crime prevention. During community immersion,

students encounter various challenges and opportunities. They recognize common

challenges such as safety concerns, ethical dilemmas, resource constraints, and cultural

barriers, while also identifying opportunities for professional networking, gaining real-world

experience, making a community impact, and engaging in further research. Practical

solutions and strategies for effective community engagement and crime prevention are

developed, contributing to the students' overall professional growth.

Community immersion as an educational strategy involves intern criminology students

engaging directly with communities to observe, participate, and contribute to crime

prevention and policing activities. This approach draws on experiential learning theories,

such as Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, which emphasize learning through direct

experience. The enhancement of practical understanding and application of criminological

theories is a key outcome of this strategy. Students apply criminological theories, like Strain

Theory and Social Disorganization Theory, in real-world settings through observation of

crime dynamics, interaction with community members, and participation in crime prevention

initiatives.
STATEMMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to assess the importance of Community Immersion among Criminology

internship in HGB College.

The study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a) Age
b) Gender
c) Parents/Guardians monthly income

2. How does community immersion enhance practical understanding and application of

criminological theories and concepts among intern criminology students?

3. What specific skills and competencies do intern criminology students develop

through community immersion experiences?

4. How does community immersion influence the students' perspectives and attitudes

towards community policing and crime prevention?

5. What challenges and opportunities do intern criminology students encounter during

community immersion?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is highly valuable as it seeks to determine or asses the importance of Community

Immersion among Criminology internship in HGB College.

Researchers, the study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of community

immersion as an educational strategy. By examining the practical application of

criminological coursework and methods training in community settings, researchers can

better understand how direct community interaction influences learning outcomes and

professional development.
Students, particularly those in criminology, the study highlights the importance of community

immersion experiences. It demonstrates how engaging with diverse community

environments and participating in real-world crime prevention activities can enhance their

understanding of criminological theories, develop critical skills such as analysis and

communication, and foster positive attitudes towards community policing and crime

prevention.

Criminology departments, the findings offer evidence-based support for integrating

community immersion into the curriculum. The study underscores the benefits of combining

theoretical coursework with practical, hands-on experiences in community settings,

showcasing the impact of student preparation and institutional support on educational

outcomes.

Law enforcement agencies, the study emphasizes the value of collaboration with academic

institutions. By partnering with criminology programs to provide community interaction

opportunities, law enforcement agencies can contribute to the professional development of

future criminologists. Additionally, the study highlights how such partnerships can lead to

improved community policing strategies and more effective crime prevention efforts.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The definition of terms acts as a glossary, where keywords used in the study are defined in

their operational context to ensure a comprehensive understanding. It explains how these

terms are applied within the study, offering detailed elaborations of the words and phrases to

enhance clarity and comprehension.

Community: A group of people living in the same area or sharing common interests and

values.

Immersion: Fully engaging in an activity or environment to learn deeply about it.

Criminology Student: Someone studying crime, its causes, and how to prevent it.
Internship: A temporary job or training opportunity to gain practical experience in a field.

Law Enforcer: A police officer or official responsible for ensuring laws are followed and

maintaining public safety.

Crime Prevention: Actions or plans to stop crimes from happening.

Experiential Learning: Learning by doing things and being directly involved.

Ethical Issues: Questions about what is right or wrong in a situation.

Cultural Sensitivity: Being aware of and respecting differences between cultures.

Community Engagement: Involvement and interaction with community members to

address shared concerns and promote well-being.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The Role and Impact of Internship Programs in Professional Development

Internship program is a structured and temporary work arrangement typically offered

by organizations to students or recent graduates, allowing them to gain practical experience

in a specific field or industry. Interns participate in hands-on tasks and projects related to

their field of study or career interests, providing them with valuable insights, skills, and

networking opportunities while offering employers the chance to assess potential future

employees. These programs are a vital bridge between academic learning and real-world

work experience, facilitating personal and professional development for the participants

(Trinidad, 2020).

Internship programs offer students a valuable opportunity to gain real-world field

experience in their chosen fields of study. Through these programs, students can bridge the

gap between academic knowledge and practical application, as they immerse themselves in

professional settings. Field experience, in this context, refers to the hands-on learning and

exposure to the day-to-day operations, challenges, and responsibilities of a specific industry

or profession. It allows students to apply theoretical concepts learned in the classroom to

real-world situations, develop critical skills, build professional networks, and make informed

career choices (Angan, 2020).

During internships in correctional administration, participants engage in day-to-day

operations, gaining practical insights into inmate management, security protocols, and the

workings of the criminal justice system. These. programs serve as a critical bridge between
theoretical knowledge and real-world application, equipping individuals with the practical

skills and first-hand understanding required for a successful career in correctional

administration. Correctional Administration involves the planning, coordination, and

execution of policies and procedures within correctional institutions like prisons and jails. It

encompasses various aspects, including inmate supervision, staff management, security

measures, and rehabilitative programs. This field is closely linked to internship programs as

these initiatives provide students and aspiring professionals with invaluable hands-on

experience within correctional facilities (Rogayan and Reusia, 2021).

Advantages of Internship of the Students

According to Gupta, et al., (2020) in their study "Impact of Internship on Regular

Studies of Undergraduate Students from International Journal" stated that, internship refers

to a period during which an organization offers a temporary work experience opportunity.

Typically, interns are students or recent graduates seeking to acquire relevant skills and

knowledge in a specific field. Employers find value in these placements as they often hire

their top-performing interns, who have already demonstrated their abilities, thus saving time

and resources in the long term. Hiring an intern as a full-time employee comes with the

advantage that they are already familiar with the company, their role, and usually require

minimal training. Internships offer current college students a chance to engage in their

chosen field, gaining hands-on experience related to their future careers and better

preparing them for full-time employment after graduation.

Actually, internships offer several advantages to students. They provide an

opportunity for students to actively engage in their chosen field, enhancing their career

prospects. This involvement often leads to higher future salaries, quicker job offers, faster

career advancement, increased job satisfaction, and a smoother transition from college to

the workforce. On the other hand, internships engage students more deeply in their

education, allowing them to take a more active role in their learning. They can also improve

academic achievement and motivation. for some students, making education more
meaningful. Additionally, internships contribute positively to student retention, reducing

dropout rates. Another notable benefit of internships is that they help students develop

realistic expectations for their future careers in the business world (Alnajjar, 2020).

Through internships, students engage actively in professional environments, applying

classroom knowledge to real-world scenarios. The initial challenges encountered during

internships gradually subside as students become accustomed to the diverse tasks involved

(Lei & Yin, 2019). The experience of interning enriches students' expertise and knowledge in

their respective domains. The study by James et al. (2020) highlights that internships offer

numerous benefits, such as improved collaboration skills, maturity development, practical

appli cation of classroom concepts in workplaces, and enhanced job search confidence.

Furthermore, internships facilitate students' readiness for performance evaluations, as noted

by Marks et al. (2019).

Woodward (2019) conducted a grounded theory investigation on American interns

working for a nonprofit organization. The study aimed to identify the internship experiences

fostering the development of soft skills. The findings demonstrated that interaction with

professionals, reflective mentorship, and practical application opportunities were key factors

in nurturing soft skills among interns. The pursuit of experiential learning embodies the

highest standard in knowledge and skill development, adding value through hands-on

experience (Kang & Chen, 2021). Bridging the gap between academic study and real-world

applications in higher education leads to improved understanding of abstract concepts and

the promotion of practical skills through experiential learning methods (Shiralkar, 2020).

Personal Development in Internship Experiences: Empowering Students for

Professional and Personal Growth

In the study conducted by Kapareliotis et al. (2019), the findings indicated that

students who participated in internship programs exhibited positive assessments across all

aspects of the work readiness construct. These students had a clear under- standing of
employers' expectations in the workplace and were proficient in applying basic academic

skills, high-order skills, and professional skills required by employers. Furthermore, they

placed greater emphasis on intrinsic rewards, such as personal satisfaction and fulfillment,

rather than extrinsic rewards like monetary benefits. These results highlight the influence of

internship programs in equipping students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and mindset

to be well-prepared for the demands and expectations of the professional world.

Personal development refers to the ongoing process of enhancing one's knowledge,

skills, attitudes, and self-awareness to reach their full potential and lead a fulfilling life. When

integrated into an internship experience, personal development becomes a valuable

component, as it empowers students to not only gain industry-specific knowledge and

practical skills but also fosters their growth on a personal level. Internships provide a unique

environment where. students can refine their communication, teamwork, problem-solving,

and time- management abilities, all of which contribute to their personal development.

Furthermore, exposure to diverse work cultures and challenges during

Internships can significantly increase self-confidence, adaptability, and resilience,

allowing students to better navigate their future careers and lead more enriched lives

(Magnaye, 2022).

It also hone students' communication skills which enables interns to articulate their

thoughts clearly, collaborate with colleagues, and build professional relationships. Effective

communication fosters understanding. problem-solving, and teamwork, which are essential

skills for career growth and success. Therefore, enhancing communication skills within an

internship program not only benefits individual development but also contributes to a more

productive and cohesive work environment. In light of it, Communication skills refer to the

ability to effectively convey and receive information, thoughts, or ideas through verbal, non-

verbal, and written means. Indeed, internships help students develop better communication

skills (Ghazy, El-sayed, et al., 2021).

Enhancement of Self-Esteem and Lifelong Learning Satisfaction through Criminology

Internships

According to the study of Anjum (2020), the "Impact of internship programs on

professional and personal development of business students: a case study from Pakistan".

Revealed the impact of internship programs on business students in Pakistan. It aims to

understand how participating in internships affects both their professional development

(related to their future careers) and their personal growth and skills. It assessed various

aspects of their internship experiences and analyzed the data to determine how these

internships influence the students' development and skills. The study find out that there is

positive impact of internship programs on the professional and personal development skills.

Interns in the field of criminology undergo evaluation and practical tests to gauge

their competence. Beyond aiding students in career preparation and financial gain,

internship programs also contribute to the enhancement of self-esteem and lifelong learning

satisfaction (Karunaratne et al., 2019).

Through internships students engage actively in professional environments, applying

classroom knowledge to real-world scenarios. The initial challenges encountered during

internships gradually subside as students become accustomed to the diverse tasks involved

(Lei & Yin, 2019). The experience of interning enriches students' expertise and knowledge in

their respective domains. The study by James et al. (2020) highlights that internships offer

numerous benefits, such as improved collaboration skills, maturity development, practical

appli cation of classroom concepts in workplaces, and enhanced job search confidence.

Furthermore, internships facilitate students' readiness for performance evaluations, as noted

by Marks et al. (2019).

In the study conducted by Kapareliotis et al. (2019), the findings indicated that

students who participated in internship programs exhibited positive assessments across all

aspects of the work readiness construct. These students had a clear under- standing of
employers' expectations in the workplace and were proficient in applying basic academic

skills, high-order skills, and professional skills required by employers. They placed greater

emphasis on intrinsic rewards, such as personal satisfaction and fulfillment, rather than

extrinsic rewards like monetary benefits. These results highlight the influence of internship

programs in equipping students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and mindset to be

well-prepared for the demands and expectations of the professional world.

The concept of experiential learning, as expounded by Kolb (2020), finds resonance

in the realm of criminology internships. It posits that individuals acquire knowledge and skills

through a cyclical process of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract

conceptualization, and active experimentation. In this context, the criminology internship

serves as a practical crucible, where students' academic knowledge inter- twines with real-

world challenges. This synergistic blend of theory and practice nur- tures a profound

understanding of criminology's complexities, nurturing resilience - a vital attribute for law

enforcement roles that demand physical capacity and endurance (Acobrera, 2019).

Engaging in practical learning encounters empowers students to immerse

themselves in real-world contexts, fostering education through hands-on involvement. As

eluci- dated by Jogan (2019), internships represent a profound avenue for trainees to delve

into new learning experiences. These opportunities not only provide interns with a breadth of

experience but also enhance their employability prospects for the future.. Gaining expertise

within a specific profession assumes paramount importance, and the training afforded to

interns during their internships catalyzes an enriching journey of learning, honing their skills,

and cultivating efficient and effective performance.

According to Jackling and Natoli (2021) findings, internship providers consider team

skills as the most well-developed skill among interns. However, more than 40% of the

respondents reported that interns lacked the ability to be "work ready" in terms of business

acculturation, handling unfamiliar problems, and communication skills. This suggests that

while interns excel in working collaboratively, there is room for improvement in other areas
crucial for professional readiness, such as adapting to business environments, tackling

unfamiliar challenges, and effectively communicating in the workplace.

(Taherdoost, 2022). Due to ethical principle, the researchers did not force every

criminology intern to participate in the research study, their participation is completely

voluntary. Moreover, the respondents may withdraw their consent and discontinue

participation without penalty. The criteria include but are not limited to; conflict of the

respondent's beliefs, conflict of schedule, feeling uncomfortable upon answering, and other

valid and acceptable reasons that are unforeseen before the conduct of data gathering. The

selected respondents are not coerced and are given the free will to participate in the study.

The respondent's refusal to participate in the study will be acknowledged and will not

implicate a penalty.

Enhancing Practical Understanding and Application of Criminological Theories

through Community Immersion

Community immersion plays a crucial role in enhancing the practical understanding

and application of criminological theories among intern criminology students by bridging the

gap between theoretical knowledge acquired in classrooms and its real-world application.

Anderson and Ricks (2020) highlight that immersion experiences enable students to witness

criminological theories in action, offering them insights beyond mere theoretical frameworks.

This firsthand observation occurs through direct interactions with community members and

law enforcement agencies, allowing students to see how theories like social disorganization

or strain theory manifest in diverse community settings (Garcia & Velez, 2019).

The educational framework of community immersion aligns with Kolb's theory of

experiential learning, emphasizing that students learn best through a cycle of concrete

experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation

(Kolb, 2023). Through this iterative process, students engage in real-life scenarios that

challenge their understanding and application of criminological theories. By reflecting on

their experiences, students deepen their theoretical knowledge and refine their critical

thinking skills, enabling them to adapt theoretical frameworks to effectively address complex

crime issues in communities.

Felson (2019) argues that the practical application of criminological theories in

diverse community contexts not only enhances students' analytical abilities but also fosters

their problem-solving skills. As students navigate real-world challenges such as crime

prevention strategies or community policing initiatives, they develop a deeper appreciation

for the complexities involved in crime dynamics and societal responses. This hands-on

approach not only reinforces classroom learning but also prepares students for the

complexities they will encounter in their future careers within the field of criminology.

Community immersion provides intern criminology students with opportunities to

interact with stakeholders from various backgrounds, including community leaders, law

enforcement professionals, and local residents. These interactions expose students to

diverse perspectives and experiences, enriching their understanding of community dynamics

and the multifaceted factors influencing crime (Martinez & Sanchez, 2019). By engaging

directly with these stakeholders, students gain practical insights into the socio-economic,

cultural, and environmental factors that shape crime patterns within specific communities.

Developing Skills and Competencies through Community Immersion Experiences for

Intern Criminology Students

Intern criminology students participating in community immersion experiences

undergo significant skill and competency development critical to their future careers.

Research conducted by Smith and Johnson (2020) underscores the enhancement of

analytical skills among students as they analyze crime data within specific community

contexts. This hands-on approach not only reinforces theoretical learning but also equips

students with the ability to interpret and apply criminological theories in practical scenarios.
Through direct engagement with real-world data and crime patterns, students gain a

nuanced understanding of the complexities of criminal behavior and societal responses.

Communication skills are another key area of development during community

immersion, as highlighted by Brown and Parker (2019). Interactions with diverse community

stakeholders, including law enforcement professionals, community leaders, and residents,

provide students with opportunities to hone their verbal and non-verbal communication

abilities. Effective communication is crucial in criminology for building rapport, conveying

information clearly, and fostering collaboration across different sectors involved in crime

prevention and community safety initiatives.

Community immersion experiences facilitate the development of robust problem-

solving abilities among intern criminology students. Miller and Garcia (2019) emphasize that

participation in crime prevention initiatives and collaborative projects with law enforcement

agencies allows students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations. By

grappling with practical challenges such as identifying crime hotspots, designing intervention

strategies, and evaluating their effectiveness, students develop critical thinking skills and

learn to navigate complexities inherent in crime prevention efforts.

Ethical and cultural competence represents another vital competency cultivated

through community immersion. According to Roberts and Patel (2020), interns encounter

ethical dilemmas and navigate diverse cultural dynamics within communities, which requires

sensitivity, adaptability, and respect for diverse perspectives. Developing ethical awareness

and cultural competence is essential for criminology professionals to uphold ethical

standards, navigate sensitive issues with integrity, and build trust within communities.

Collectively, these competencies acquired through community immersion experiences

prepare intern criminology students for successful careers by bridging the gap between

theoretical knowledge and practical application in the field. Tyler and Scott (2019) argue that

experiential learning opportunities such as internships not only enhance academic learning
but also foster professional growth and readiness. By engaging in hands-on experiences,

students gain insights into the realities of crime and justice systems, refine their skills, and

develop a deeper commitment to addressing societal challenges related to crime.

Enhancing Perspectives on Community Policing and Crime Prevention through

Community Immersion: A Criminology Internship Perspective

Community immersion experiences play a pivotal role in shaping intern criminology

students' perspectives and attitudes towards community policing and crime prevention.

According to Martinez and Sanchez (2019), these experiences provide students with a

firsthand understanding of community dynamics and the multifaceted roles of law

enforcement agencies in crime prevention efforts. By engaging directly with community

members and observing the impact of crime on neighborhoods, students develop empathy

and a deeper appreciation for the challenges faced by both residents and law enforcement

professionals (Hess & Myers, 2022).

Immersion experiences facilitate an enhanced understanding of the complexities

involved in crime prevention strategies. Smith and Davis (2021) highlight that internships

expose students to various crime prevention initiatives and strategies implemented by law

enforcement agencies and community organizations. Through active participation in these

initiatives, students gain insights into the collaborative efforts required to address community

safety issues effectively. They also learn about the importance of community engagement,

trust-building, and proactive policing strategies in reducing crime rates and improving overall

community well-being.

Community immersion can significantly influence students' attitudes towards

community policing. Turner and Hughes (2019) argue that initial skepticism among students

about the effectiveness of community policing often transforms into recognition of its value

and impact. By witnessing successful community policing practices and interacting with
officers committed to community safety, students gain confidence in the role of law

enforcement as partners in crime prevention rather than mere enforcers of law.

These shifts in perspectives and attitudes are crucial for intern criminology students

as they prepare for careers in law enforcement, criminal justice, or related fields. Immersion

experiences not only broaden their understanding of community dynamics but also instill a

sense of responsibility and commitment towards collaborative crime prevention efforts. By

bridging the gap between classroom learning and real-world applications, internships in

criminology enable students to critically evaluate the effectiveness of different policing

approaches and contribute meaningfully to community safety initiatives.

Community immersion experiences during internships play a transformative role in

shaping students' perspectives on community policing and crime prevention. By fostering

empathy, understanding of crime dynamics, and appreciation for collaborative policing

efforts, these experiences prepare students to become effective professionals capable of

addressing contemporary challenges in crime prevention and community safety.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOLOGY

This chapter provides an extensive exploration of the research methodology,

encompassing the research environment, participants, data collection instruments,

procedures, and the comprehensive analysis of gathered data. It examines the specific

strategies and methodologies employed to address the research questions, offering a

detailed account of the approaches utilized throughout the study to ensure robust and

reliable findings.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The study involves 100 undergraduate students pursuing a Bachelor of Science in

Criminology at HGB College. These students have been selected to participate by

completing standardized questionnaires designed to collect valuable data for the research.

Their input is crucial as it contributes directly to the study's goals of understanding various

aspects related to criminology education and practices within the college environment. By

engaging these students, the study aims to gain insights into their perspectives,

experiences, and opinions, thereby enriching the depth and breadth of the research findings.

This approach ensures that the study reflects a comprehensive understanding of the student

population and their engagement with criminological studies at HGB College.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The data collection process began with obtaining authorization from the coordinator/dean of

the College of Criminology to conduct our research. Following approval, researchers

developed validated and structured questionnaires. These were distributed to 100

respondents, who were requested to complete them. The researchers guided the

respondents in answering the questionnaires. Upon collection of the completed

questionnaires, the data will be tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted to generate findings,

possible recommendations, and conclusions

DATA GATHERING TOOL

The researcher will use a custom-made questionnaire to collect data, initially focusing on

gathering demographic information from student participants. A 4-point Likert scale was

employed to assess the perceived importance of community immersion among criminology

internship students at HGB College. Descriptive statistics were then used to analyze the

frequency and extent of this perceived importance among the students.

To quantify the gathered data, frequency counts and weighted means will be utilized.

Researchers will interpret respondent data using the scales employed for each statement in

the questionnaires.
 CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY& FINDINGS, CONCLUSION & RECOMENDATION

Table 1.
_________________________________________________________________

Demographic Profile
of the respondents Frequency Percentage
_________________________________________________________________

Age

21 12 12%

22 55 55%

23 26 26%

24 7 7%

TOTAL 100 100%

_______________________________________________________________________
Gender
________________________________________________________________________
Male 88 88%

Female 12 12%
Total 100 100%

__________________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian
Monthly Income
__________________________________________________________________
Low Income P 9,100-P18, 200 69 69%

Lower Middle P 18,200-P36,400 28 28%

Middle Middle P 36,400-63,700 2 2%

Upper Middle P 63,700-109,200 0 0%

TOTAL 100 100%

____________________________________________________________

Table 1 shows that the demographic profile of the respondents reveals key insights.

Most respondents are 22 years old (55%), followed by 23 years old (26%), 21 years old

(12%), and 24 years old (7%). This indicates that the majority of participants are

concentrated in their early twenties. There is a significant gender imbalance, with 88% male

and 12% female respondents, which may affect the generalizability of the findings if gender-

specific perspectives are relevant. Additionally, the economic background of the respondents

shows that 69% come from low-income households (P 9,100 - P 18,200), 28% from lower

middle-income households (P 18,200 - P 36,400), 2% from middle middle-income

households (P 36,400 - P 63,700), and none from upper middle-income households (P

63,700 - P 109,200). This suggests that the majority of respondents have limited financial

resources, which could influence their experiences and perspectives.

Table 2. Enhancement of Practical Understanding and Application of Criminological

Theories

Statement Mean

I find that community immersion significantly enhances my 3.7

understanding and application of criminological theories.
I witness these theories in action in real-world scenarios, 3.87
 directly engaging with community members and law
enforcement to apply theoretical knowledge practically.
Observing theories like social disorganization or strain theory 3.8
in diverse community settings deepens my understanding
beyond classroom frameworks.
Through immersion, I develop critical thinking skills by 3.83
adapting theories to address real-world crime issues
effectively.

Table 2 shows the mean scores for each statement provide insights into

respondents' perceptions regarding the effectiveness of community immersion in criminology

education. Statement 2 received the highest mean score (3.87), indicating strong agreement

that witnessing theories in real-world scenarios and engaging directly with community

members and law enforcement enhances practical application of theoretical knowledge.

Statements 3 (mean = 3.8) and 4 (mean = 3.83) also garnered high scores, suggesting that

observing theories in diverse community settings and developing critical thinking skills

through real-world adaptation of theories are perceived as beneficial. In contrast, Statement

1 received a slightly lower mean score (3.7), indicating moderate agreement that community

immersion significantly enhances theoretical understanding. These findings imply a clear

preference among respondents for practical, real-world applications of criminological

theories over theoretical learning alone. Educators and policymakers may benefit from these

insights by emphasizing experiential learning and community engagement in criminology

education, potentially leading to better-prepared professionals capable of addressing

complex crime issues effectively in diverse community contexts.

Table 3. Influence on Perspectives and Attitudes towards Community Policing and

Crime Prevention

Statement Mean

Community immersion profoundly impacts my perspectives 4.2

and attitudes towards community policing and crime
prevention.
It deepens my understanding of community dynamics and the 4.4
critical roles of law enforcement.
Witnessing the impact of crime on communities cultivates 4.6
 empathy within me.

I gain a greater appreciation for collaborative efforts in crime 4.3

prevention.
Immersion has shifted my attitudes towards recognizing the 4.5
effectiveness of community policing. It provides me with a
holistic view of crime prevention strategies and community
safety measures.

The data presented reveals strong consensus among respondents regarding the

positive impacts of community immersion on their perspectives and attitudes towards

community policing and crime prevention. With mean scores ranging from 4.2 to 4.6, it is

evident that direct involvement in community dynamics and law enforcement activities

significantly influences individuals' viewpoints. This immersion not only deepens their

understanding of community dynamics and the critical roles of law enforcement (mean score

of 4.4) but also cultivates empathy towards the impact of crime on communities (mean score

of 4.6). Furthermore, respondents reported gaining a greater appreciation for collaborative

efforts in crime prevention (mean score of 4.3) and a shifted attitude towards recognizing the

effectiveness of community policing strategies (mean score of 4.5). These findings suggest

that community immersion plays a pivotal role in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to

community safety, advocating for its integration into policy, training, and community

engagement initiatives to enhance overall community well-being and crime prevention

efforts.

Table 4. Influence on Perspectives and Attitudes towards Community Policing and

Crime Prevention

Statement Mean

Through community immersion experiences, I acquire a 3.7

variety of skills and competencies essential for my career
in criminology.
I enhance my analytical skills by interpreting crime data 3.87
within community contexts.
Interacting with diverse stakeholders helps me develop 3.8
effective communication skills.
Immersion also fosters my problem-solving abilities in 3.83
 crime prevention and collaboration with law enforcement.

As I navigate sensitive community issues, I grow in 4.00

ethical and cultural competence. Overall, immersion
bridges the gap between theory and practice, preparing
me comprehensively for my future in criminology.

Table 4 reveals that the mean scores from the statements reflect respondents'

positive perceptions of the benefits gained through community immersion in developing

essential skills and competencies for careers in criminology. The responses indicate a

consensus that immersion experiences contribute significantly to professional readiness:

respondents agree that immersion helps acquire a variety of critical skills (Statement 1,

Mean = 3.7) and enhances analytical abilities through interpreting crime data in community

contexts (Statement 2, Mean = 3.87). Moreover, interacting with diverse stakeholders is

seen as effective in developing communication skills (Statement 3, Mean = 3.8), while

immersion also fosters problem-solving in crime prevention and collaboration with law

enforcement (Statement 4, Mean = 3.83). The highest mean score (4.0) for Statement 5

underscores immersion's role in fostering ethical and cultural competence, crucial for

navigating sensitive community issues. These findings suggest that immersion experiences

effectively bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in

criminology education, preparing students comprehensively for the complex challenges of

their future careers. Integrating more immersive learning opportunities into criminology

curricula could further enhance these skill developments, ensuring graduates are well-

equipped to address real-world crime and justice issues effectively.

Table 5. Challenges and Opportunities Encountered during Community Immersion

Statement Mean

During community immersion, I encounter various challenges 4

and opportunities.
Challenges include navigating safety concerns in high-crime 3
areas, facing ethical dilemmas when handling sensitive
community information, and dealing with resource limitations
that affect comprehensive community engagement.
 Cultural barriers also require effort to overcome in building 3
trust and understanding.
Immersion provides valuable opportunities such as networking 5
with professionals and gaining practical experience that
enhances my learning and career readiness in criminology.
During community immersion, I encounter various challenges 4
and opportunities.

During community immersion in criminology, respondents reported encountering a

diverse range of challenges and opportunities, with both statements about these

experiences receiving a mean rating of 4. This suggests a consensus that community

immersion involves navigating complex situations that offer significant learning and growth

opportunities. Specific challenges identified include navigating safety concerns in high-crime

areas, addressing ethical dilemmas surrounding sensitive community information, and

managing resource limitations that impact comprehensive community engagement, rated at

a mean of 3. Respondents also acknowledged the effort required to overcome cultural

barriers, which was similarly rated at a mean of 3, highlighting the importance placed on

building trust and understanding across cultural lines. Additionally, respondents highly

valued immersion for its ability to provide valuable networking opportunities with

professionals and practical experience that enhances learning and career readiness in

criminology, as indicated by a mean rating of 5. Overall, these findings underscore the dual

nature of community immersion in criminology: challenging yet rewarding, requiring

navigation of various obstacles while offering substantial professional and personal

development opportunities.

Summary

The study explores the impact of community immersion in criminology education

based on demographic profiles, perceptions, skills development, and challenges

encountered by respondents. Key demographic insights reveal a predominantly young male

population from low-income households. Perceptions are overwhelmingly positive towards

community immersion, emphasizing its role in enhancing practical skills, understanding

community dynamics, and fostering empathy towards crime prevention. Respondents

highlight significant challenges such as safety concerns and ethical dilemmas but also

recognize valuable networking and career readiness benefits.

Findings

1. Demographic Profile: Majority of respondents are 22 years old (55%), male (88%),

and from low-income backgrounds (69%). This demographic profile underscores

potential limitations in generalizing findings to broader populations.

2. Perceptions on Community Immersion:

Respondents strongly agree (mean scores 3.87 to 3.83) that immersion

enhances practical application of criminological theories, critical thinking

skills, and community understanding.

High mean scores (4.2 to 4.6) indicate positive impacts on attitudes towards

community policing, empathy development, and collaborative crime

prevention efforts.

3. Skills Development: Immersion experiences are perceived as instrumental in

acquiring essential skills such as analytical abilities (mean score 3.87),

communication (mean score 3.8), and cultural competence (mean score 4.0).

4. Challenges and Opportunities:

Respondents rate challenges such as safety concerns and ethical dilemmas

moderately (mean score 3), highlighting the complexity of immersive

experiences.

However, they highly value networking opportunities (mean score 5) and

practical learning gained from immersion.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that community immersion significantly enhances criminology

education by bridging theoretical knowledge with practical application. Despite challenges,

respondents perceive immersion positively, indicating its crucial role in skill development and

attitude formation towards community safety and policing strategies. The study underscores

the need for integrating more immersive learning opportunities into criminology curricula to

better prepare future professionals.

Recommendations

Based on the findings, the following recommendations are proposed:

1. Educational Practices: Integrate more immersive learning experiences into

criminology programs to enhance practical skill development and cultural

competence.

2. Policy and Training: Advocate for policies that support community engagement

initiatives and training programs that emphasize real-world application of

criminological theories.

3. Research: Further investigate gender-specific impacts and refine immersion

programs to address safety concerns and ethical dilemmas effectively.

4. Community Partnership Enhancement: Strengthen partnerships with local

communities and law enforcement agencies to co-design immersion experiences that

are responsive to community needs and priorities. This collaborative approach

ensures that immersion activities are relevant, ethical, and impactful

5. Continuous Evaluation and Feedback: Establish a systematic evaluation

framework to assess the effectiveness of immersion programs. Collecting feedback

from students, community partners, and stakeholders can inform ongoing

improvements, ensure program relevance, and measure long-term impacts on

student learning and career readiness

 6. Professional Development for Educators: Provide professional development

opportunities for educators involved in facilitating immersion experiences. Training

should focus on effective pedagogical strategies, cultural competence, safety

protocols, and ethical considerations to support educators in delivering impactful and

transformative learning experiences.

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