Canada Co1 22-23

Determine if you can choose one or both
at the same time.

Left or Right?
Hot or Cold?
Playing ML?
or
Studying
your lessons?
Why is it important in
life to learn how to
decide what to choose?
or when to choose both?
The Probability of a
Union of Two Events
Our Goal for the Day!
At the end of our lesson, we will be able to:
a. determine the experiment, the elements
in the sample space and events.
b. illustrate the probability of a union of
two events, and;
c. relate probability into real life situations.
Let’s define the terms.
Probability – branch of Mathematics that deals
with the occurrence of a random event. The
value is expressed from zero to one.
Experiment – any procedure that can be
infinitely repeated and has a well-defined set of
possible outcomes.
Sample space (S) – set of all possible outcomes
in an experiment.
Event (A) – a subset of a sample space.
Not mutually exclusive events – events
that can occur at the same time.
Mutually exclusive events – events that
cannot occur at the same time.
Let us learn!
Probability of an event A:
𝑛
P(A) =
𝑁
where:
n – the number of outcomes for event
N – the total number of outcomes in an
experiment
Example #1:
The probability of getting tail in tossing a coin.
Solution:
S= {head, tail}, N= 2
Event A = {tail}, n= 1
𝑛 1
P(A) = =
𝑁 2
Example #2:
The probability of getting a face card from a deck of
52 playing cards.
Solution:
S= (playing cards) N= 52
Event A = (face card) n = 12
𝑛 12 3
P(A) = = =
𝑁 52 13
Example #3:
The probability of getting a sum of 9 in
throwing a pair of dice.
Complete me!
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
2 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6
3 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6
4 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6
5 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6
6 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6
Experiment: throwing a pair of dice
Sample space: {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4),(1,5),(1,6)
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4),(2,5),(2,6)
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4),(3,5),(3,6)
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4),(4,5),(4,6)
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4),(5,5),(5,6)
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}
Example #3:
The probability of getting a sum of 9 in throwing
a pair of dice.
Solution:
S= {all possible outcomes in throwing a pair of dice}
applying multiple rule, 6x6= 36 N=36
Event A = {(3,6), (4,5), (6,3), (5,4)} n= 4
𝑛 4 1
P(A) = = =
𝑁 36 9
A union of two events A and B is denoted by A ∪ B,
consists of all outcomes that are in A or in B or in
both A and B A∪B
A B
The union of two events A or B which can be written as:

P(A or B) = P(A) +P(B) – P(A and B)
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) +P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
Example #1:
Illustrate the probability of getting an odd number
and multiple of 3 in casting a die.
Experiment: casting a die

Sample space: S= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Events: A (odd numbers) = {1, 3, 5}
B (multiple of 3) = {3, 6}
Solution:
Experiment: casting a die
Sample space: S= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; N= 6
Events: A (odd numbers) = {1, 3, 5}; n= 3
B (multiple of 3) = {3, 6}; n= 2
(A ∩ B)= {3}; n= 1
3 1 2 1 1
P(A) = = ; P(B) = = ; P(A ∩ B)=
6 2 6 3 6
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)

3 2 1 4 2
Therefore, P(A ∪ B) = + - = =
6 6 6 6 3
Example #2:
Illustrate the events of getting 2 heads or 1 head in
tossing two coins.
Experiment: tossing two coins

Sample space: S = {(H, T), (H, H), (T, H), (T, T)}
Events: A (2 heads) = {(H, H)}
B (1 head) = {(H, T), (T, H)}
Solution:
Experiment: tossing two coins
Sample space: S = {(H, T), (H, H), (T, H), (T, T)}; N = 4
Events: A (2 heads) = {(H, H)}; n = 1
B (1 head) = {(H, T), (T, H)}; n = 2
1 2
P(A) = ; P(B) =
4 4
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) +P(B)

1 2 3
Therefore, P(A ∪ B) = + =
4 4 4
It’s your time to shine!
1- The Doctors. Get your body temperature.

2- The Basketball Enthusiasts. Gather your heights
in centimeter.
3- The Nutritionists. Gather your weights in
kilogram.
4- The Tailors. Gather the measure of your waistline.
5- The Statisticians. Gather your age.
Tasks to be done!
1. Gather the data in your assigned task.
2. Assign the data of boys for event B
and the data of girls for event G.
3. Illustrate the union of two events
using a Venn diagram.
4. Illustrate the probability of union of
two events.
5. Generalize and present your work in
the class.
It’s your time to shine!
Presentation of your group work

A. Write M if the events are mutually exclusive and
N if NOT.
1. A = {1, 2, 3}; B= {3, 4, 5, 6}
2. S= {pair of dice}; A = {sum of 8}; B= {sum of 9}
3. S= {two coins}; A = {TT, HH}; B= {HT, TH}
4. S= {a die}; A = {multiple of 6}; B= {divisible by 6}
5. S= {playing cards};
A = {a face card}; B= {king of hearts}
B. Find the probability of the union of two
events.
1. S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 4, 3, 6, 5} B = {4, 5, 7, 8}
2. S = {A, B, E, C, I, D, O, F, U}
X = {A, E, I, O, U} Y = {B, C, D, F}
I understand that…
I realize that…
Have we met our objectives
for today’s lesson?
Thank you and see you on
our next class…

Canada Co1 22-23

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Canada Co1 22-23

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Canada Co1 22-23

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Determine if you can choose one or both

at the same time.

The union of two events A or B which can be written as:

Experiment: casting a die

P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)

Experiment: tossing two coins

P(A ∪ B) = P(A) +P(B)

1- The Doctors. Get your body temperature.

Presentation of your group work

You might also like