Rated Current

QUESTIONNAIRE
1. What is rated current? From a numerical example.
The nominal current (In) is defined as the maximum effective current measured in amperes,
which can circulate through each of the phases of the transformer when, being subjected to
the nominal voltage, a clear fault occurs in one of the phases of the network to ground. .
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
Rated current 2700A
2. What is short circuit current? From a numerical example.
An insulation failure at any point in a network produces a sharp increase in current; This
effect is called short circuit current.
Generators, motors (synchronous and asynchronous), and synchronous compensators

contribute to the short-circuit current by feeding it.
They limit short circuit current, lines, transformers, autotransformers, bars, arcs.
Let us consider that in a constant impedance circuit, fed by a constant voltage source, a frank
short circuit occurs at a given instant.
The phenomenon is analogous to feeding the circuit with an alternating voltage from the
moment the fault occurs.
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE:
3. What is thermal current?
Thermal current is a physical property of materials that measures the heat conduction
capacity. In other words, thermal conductivity is also the ability of a substance to transfer the
kinetic energy of its molecules to other adjacent molecules or to substances with which it is
in contact. In the International System of Units, thermal conductivity is measured in W /( m ·
K ) (equivalent to J /( m · s · K ) and in basic units to (Kg · m )/( K · s 3 ))
4. How is the admissible current of an electrical conductor obtained?
The maximum admissible intensity is considered to be that which can circulate through an
electrical conductor in permanent service without it suffering damage.
The maximum admissible intensity is not a characteristic of the cable but will depend directly
on installation factors such as: type of cable, ambient temperature, installation method,
active circuits installed together, length of the power line. For these reasons it is difficult to
determine a value for each driver.
5. Why does the thermomagnetic switch open?
The basis of the operation of a thermomagnetic switch is based on the expansion of a metal
due to heat and the attractive forces generated by magnetic fields .
On the one hand we have a bimetal through which a current circulates. As its intensity
increases, this metal begins to dissipate heat and expand, thus causing the circuit to open.
On the other hand, we have a coil through which a current circulates and generates a
certain magnetic field. As the intensity of the current increases, the intensity of the
magnetic field increases, generating an attractive force in a nucleus inside it. When the
magnetic field is large enough to attract the entire core (excess electric current), the circuit
is cut.
6. How long does it take for the thermomagnetic switch to open?
If a 10A rated current thermomagnetic switch is installed, your thermal device will operate
between 11.3A and 14.5A current draw. IEC 60898 also establishes the maximum time it
should take to trip (two hours, maximum).
7. How long does it take for the residual current circuit breaker to open in the event
of an overcurrent?
The function of the differential switch in an electrical panel is to protect the electrical line
from possible ground faults, either through the metal chassis of the devices or through the
body of people if they come into contact with a cable and it occurs. a ground shunt.
The operation of the differential switch is different and could be said to be somewhat more
complex. When a fault intensity occurs (a phase comes into contact with a metal sheet), it is
derived to ground, so part of the intensity coming out of the phase stops circulating
through the neutral, causing a difference with respect to the initial intensity. , this
difference is detected by the differential which triggers its trip automatically.
To perform this function, the differential switch has inside a toroidal (transformer) through
the center of which the phase and neutral of the circuit pass. This transformer is connected
to a control wire that activates an electromagnet that disconnects the circuit.
When the input current in the toroidal (phase current) and the output current (neutral
current) are not equal (there is a difference), the current flows that are formed in the
toroidal also stop being equal.
This difference in intensities induces in the toroidal an intensity that circulates through the
control wire towards the electromagnet, which causes the opening of the contacts of the
differential switch and therefore of the circuit.
But it is worth asking what is the difference in intensity from which the switch acts, which is
why an essential operating parameter of this type of switchgear is sensitivity. This
sensitivity varies depending on the demands. There are different sensitivity values, those
used in homes are the maximum sensitivity, 30 mA, and can be found at 10 mA for special
uses and 300 mA in industrial type installations.
Therefore, if the differential switch continually trips in an installation, it is because some

load connected to that circuit has a ground fault.
8. What happens when the design current of an electrical conductor exceeds?

A poor selection of the conductor caliber produces harmful effects and irregular operation
in electrical equipment, generates energy loss in the conductor and reduces its expected
life.
Poor sizing of electrical conductors can cause the following problems:
· Voltage variations
· Supply outages
· Loss of energy
· short circuit
· Line overheating
· Risk of fire
The main factors that must be considered when calculating the minimum gauge for a low
voltage conductor are:
· That the conductor section can carry the necessary current

· That the operating temperature of the conductor does not damage its insulation
· That the voltage drop is within the operating parameters of the electrical equipment
(electrical standard)
It is vital to consider the three aspects at the same time, because otherwise the following
problems could be caused if the copper section is smaller than required:
· The conductor will have greater electrical resistance, increasing energy losses.
· The conductor will have a higher operating temperature, increasing the electrical
resistance and deteriorating the insulation.
· The voltage drop on the line will be greater than permitted, which may affect operation
at the load point and damage the equipment.
It is normal for the electric current to cause heating in the conductors (Joule Effect), but an
excess in temperature caused by an undersized conductor can cause negative effects on its
insulation:
· Decrease in insulation resistance

· Decrease in mechanical resistance
· Decrease in expected half-life
· Insulation cracking
The service offered by electrical energy and its security depend, among other aspects, on
the quality and integrity of the insulation of the conductors.
If the insulation is not protected:
· The insulation will suffer deterioration due to high temperature, increasing the risk of
current leakage and short circuits.
· It will decrease the useful life of the driver.
· If you do not take care that the voltage drop is correct:
· The circuit and drivers will work outside the norm.
· Powered equipment may be damaged or may not provide the required service.
The correct sizing of electrical conductors is of vital importance in the efficient and safe
operation of an Electrical Installation. For this reason, it is essential that you consider this
aspect when designing the electrical installation, remember that you are an important part
of the safety and integrity of your family members or clients, as the case may be.
9. In opening conditions does the switch make a difference?
If the ground connection does not exist, or is not connected to the plug, the differential will
be activated when such a derivation occurs in the electrical appliance through a person who
touches its metal parts, and is on a conductive ground , it will cause a shock. which would
be dangerous or even fatal if the current exceeds 30mA
On the differential switch there is a test button that simulates a defect in the installation
and therefore, when pressed, the installation must disconnect. It is recommended to test
the switch periodically.
Therefore, if the differential switch continually trips in an installation, it is because some

load connected to that circuit has a ground fault.

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QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What is rated current? From a numerical example.

Rated current 2700A

2. What is short circuit current? From a numerical example.

Generators, motors (synchronous and asynchronous), and synchronous compensators

3. What is thermal current?

5. Why does the thermomagnetic switch open?

6. How long does it take for the thermomagnetic switch to open?

Therefore, if the differential switch continually trips in an installation, it is because some

8. What happens when the design current of an electrical conductor exceeds?

Poor sizing of electrical conductors can cause the following problems:

· That the conductor section can carry the necessary current

· Decrease in insulation resistance

If the insulation is not protected:

9. In opening conditions does the switch make a difference?

Therefore, if the differential switch continually trips in an installation, it is because some

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