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CDMA Using MATLAB

A small document explaining the CDMA concept and applying it to Matlab.

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Ahmed Zrena
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views

CDMA Using MATLAB

A small document explaining the CDMA concept and applying it to Matlab.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Zrena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MSA University

Faculty of Engineering
ECE Department
Communications Systems II [ECE462]
Lab Final Report

Lab Final Report

Name: Ahmed Abdelnaser Ahmed Ali Zrena


ID:181325
➢ System overview:
multiple access algorithm Is a technique used to share a limited resource among the
users and base stations. And there are many types of multiple access such as
Frequency division multiple access “FDMA”, Time division multiple access
“TDMA” and Code division multiple access “CDMAA code division multiple
access system differs from time division multiplexing and frequency division
multiplexing in that a user has full bandwidth access for the duration of the
transmission. Various CDMA codes are utilized to distinguish between different
users, which is the main principle. As a result, code division multiple access is a
type of multiplexing that allows several signals to share a single transmission
channel, maximizing bandwidth utilization.

This technology is important for cellular phones that uses ultra-high frequency that
lies between 800 megahertz to 1.9 gigahertz band. CDMA is based on two
important technology analog to digital conversion ADC and speed spectrum
technology. The frequency of the transmitted signal is then made to vary according
to a defined pattern code which enables the signal to be intercepted only by a
receiver whose frequency response is programmed with the same code, following
along with the transmitter frequency. There are trillions of potential frequency
sequencing codes, which improves privacy yet complicating cloning. Spread
spectrum aims to utilize more bandwidth than the original message while
maintaining the same signal intensity.
The spectrum of a spread spectrum signal lacks a clearly defined peak.
This makes it more difficult to identify the signal from noise, making it more
difficult to jam or intercept.

Types of spread spectrum:


• Direct sequence spread spectrum
• Frequency hopping spread spectrum
• Multi carrier CDMA system

1. Direct sequence:
Spread spectrum is a technique where the same bandwidth is used by many
users at the same time however each user has his own code and this technique
is multiplexing all the users with different code these codes could be
orthogonal or non-orthogonal

2. Frequency Hopping Technology:


Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) is a method used to rapidly switch transmitting
radio signals among several frequency channels. Frequency hopping is a technique mainly used
to keep two or more RFID readers from interfering with each other while reading RFID tags in
the same area

➢ CDMA General blook diagram:


➢ CDMA MATLAB Code:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% CDMA coding and decoding mechanism
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
clc
clear
% Generation of Random Bits
r=round(rand(1,20));
% Chip Pattern for station A, B and C
a_one=[1 -1 -1 1 -1 1];
a_zero=-1*a_one;
b_one=[1 1 -1 -1 1 1];
b_zero=-1*b_one;
c_one=[1 1 -1 1 1 -1];
c_zero=-1*c_one;
% Random Allotment of bits to stations A,B and C
cdma_seq=[];
for counter=1:20
switch(randint(1,1,[1 3]))
case(1)
if r(1,counter)==0;
cdma_seq=[cdma_seq a_zero];
else
cdma_seq=[cdma_seq a_one];
end
case(2)
if r(1,counter)==0;
cdma_seq=[cdma_seq b_zero];
else
cdma_seq=[cdma_seq b_one];
end
case(3)
if r(1,counter)==0;
cdma_seq=[cdma_seq c_zero];
else
cdma_seq=[cdma_seq c_one];
end
end
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Decoding the Signal
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
cntr=0;
for selector=1:6:120
cntr=cntr+1;
temp=[cdma_seq(1,selector) cdma_seq(1,selector+1) cdma_seq(1,selector+2)
...
cdma_seq(1,selector+3) cdma_seq(1,selector+4)
cdma_seq(1,selector+5)];
result1=dot(a_one,temp);
result2=dot(b_one,temp);
result3=dot(c_one,temp);
if (result1==6)|(result1==-6)
fprintf('\nThe bit # %d is from Station A',cntr);
else
if (result2==6)|(result2==-6)
fprintf('\nThe bit # %d is from Station B',cntr);
else
if (result3==6)|(result3==-6)
fprintf('\nThe bit # %d is from Station C',cntr);
end
end
end
end

Result:
➢ Advantages of Code Division Multiple Access: -
1-CDMA has a soft capacity.
2-CDMA consume small power control.
3-Soft handover can be used which enable mobiles to switch tower
stations without switching carriers.
4- decrease interference.
➢ Disadvantages of Code Division Multiple Access: -
1- Being carful while, selecting the code length.
2- A large code can cause delay, while time synchronization is a must

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