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Flat Pivot Bearing
1. Considering uniform pressure
Frictional torque on the ring
power lost in friction

Flat Collar Bearing
We have already discussed that collar bearings are used to take the axial thrust of the
rotating shafts. There may be a single collar or multiple collar bearings as shown in Fig.
10.20 (a) and (b) respectively. The collar bearings are also known as thrust bearings.
The friction in the collar bearings may be found as discussed below :
Let
r1 = External radius of the collar, and
r2 = Internal radius of the collar
1. Considering uniform pressure
2. Considering uniform wear
3. Number of collars
n=numer of collars
surfaces. As the surfaces move, they create a pressure gradient within the lubricant film,
which supports the load and prevents direct contact between the surfaces.
3. Viscous Shear: The viscosity of the lubricant plays a crucial role in thick film
lubrication, as it determines the resistance to flow within the lubricant film. Under
pressure, the lubricant undergoes viscous shear, which results in the generation of
hydrodynamic pressure and the formation of a thick fluid film.
4. Reynolds Equation: The behaviour of thick film lubrication is described by the
Reynolds equation, which governs the flow of an incompressible fluid in thin films
under pressure. The Reynolds equation takes into account factors such as fluid
viscosity, surface geometry, velocity, and pressure gradients to predict the thickness
and pressure distribution of the lubricant film.
5. Operating Conditions: Thick film lubrication is most effective at moderate to high
speeds and loads, where the hydrodynamic pressure generated within the lubricant film
is sufficient to support the load and prevent metal-to-metal contact. At low speeds or
under static conditions, thick film lubrication may not be fully developed, and boundary
lubrication may occur initially.
6. Applications: Thick film lubrication is commonly used in various mechanical systems,
including journal bearings, thrust bearings, hydrodynamic seals, and fluid film
bearings. It is particularly effective in high-speed rotating machinery, where it provides
reliable and long-lasting lubrication under demanding operating conditions.
Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic lubrications

Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic lubrications are two distinct regimes of fluid film lubrication
used to separate moving surfaces and reduce friction and wear. While they share similarities in
their reliance on fluid films, they differ in their mechanisms of film formation and the sources
of pressure that support the load. Here's an overview of each:
1. Hydrostatic Lubrication:
o In hydrostatic lubrication, the lubricant is supplied to the bearing or lubrication
point under pressure, typically using an external pump or pressurized reservoir.
o The lubricant is forced into the gap between the moving surfaces, forming a
continuous film that separates them.
o The pressure within the lubricant film is generated by external sources, such as
pumps or compressors, which maintain a constant pressure regardless of the
relative motion of the surfaces.
o Hydrostatic lubrication is well-suited for applications with high loads and low
speeds, where a constant and reliable lubricant film is required to support the
load and prevent metal-to-metal contact.
2. Hydrodynamic Lubrication:
o Hydrodynamic lubrication relies on the relative motion of the surfaces to
generate pressure within the lubricant film.
o As the surfaces move, they create a pressure gradient within the lubricant film,
which causes the lubricant to flow and generate hydrodynamic pressure.
o The hydrodynamic pressure supports the load and prevents direct contact
between the surfaces, forming a thick fluid film that reduces friction and wear.
o Hydrodynamic lubrication is effective at moderate to high speeds and loads,
where the generated pressure within the lubricant film is sufficient to support
the load and maintain separation between the surfaces.

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Flat Pivot Bearing

1. Considering uniform pressure

Frictional torque on the ring

power lost in friction

2. Considering uniform wear

Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic lubrications

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