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    Number System CLASS 10

    Uploaded by

    Suraj tiwari

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Number System CLASS 10

    Uploaded by

    Suraj tiwari
    16 views9 pages

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    16 views9 pages

    Number System CLASS 10

    Uploaded by

    Suraj tiwari

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Number System

    In a digital system, the system can understand only the optional number system. In
    these systems, digits symbols are used to represent different values, depending on the
    index from which it settled in the number system.

    In simple terms, for representing the information, we use the number system in the
    digital system.

    The digit value in the number system is calculated using:

    1. The digit
    2. The index, where the digit is present in the number.
    3. Finally, the base numbers, the total number of digits available in the number system.

    Note: When the number system represents a digit from 0 - 9, the base of the number will be
    10.

    Types of Number System


    In the digital computer, there are various types of number systems used for
    representing information.

    1. Binary Number System


    2. Decimal Number System
    3. Hexadecimal Number System
    4. Octal Number System

    Binary Number System


    Generally, a binary number system is used in the digital computers. In this number
    system, it carries only two digits, either 0 or 1. There are two types of electronic pulses
    present in a binary number system. The first one is the absence of an electronic pulse
    representing '0'and second one is the presence of electronic pulse representing '1'. Each
    digit is known as a bit. A four-bit collection (1101) is known as a nibble, and a collection
    of eight bits (11001010) is known as a byte. The location of a digit in a binary number
    represents a specific power of the base (2) of the number system.

    Characteristics:

    1. It holds only two values, i.e., either 0 or 1.


    2. It is also known as the base 2 number system.
    3. The position of a digit represents the 0 power of the base(2). Example: 2 0
    4. The position of the last digit represents the x power of the base(2). Example: 2 x, where x
    represents the last position, i.e., 1

    Examples:

    (10100)2, (11011)2, (11001)2, (000101)2, (011010)2.

    Decimal Number System


    The decimal numbers are used in our day to day life. The decimal number system
    contains ten digits from 0 to 9(base 10). Here, the successive place value or position, left
    to the decimal point holds units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on.

    The position in the decimal number system specifies the power of the base (10). The 0 is
    the minimum value of the digit, and 9 is the maximum value of the digit. For example,
    the decimal number 2541 consist of the digit 1 in the unit position, 4 in the tens
    position, 5 in the hundreds position, and 2 in the thousand positions and the value will
    be written as:

    (2×1000) + (5×100) + (4×10) + (1×1)


    (2×103) + (5×102) + (4×101) + (1×100)
    2000 + 500 + 40 + 1
    2541

    Octal Number System


    The octal number system has base 8(means it has only eight digits from 0 to 7). There
    are only eight possible digit values to represent a number. With the help of only three
    bits, an octal number is represented. Each set of bits has a distinct value between 0 and
    7.

    Below, we have described certain characteristics of the octal number system:


    Characteristics:

    1. An octal number system carries eight digits starting from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.


    2. It is also known as the base 8 number system.
    3. The position of a digit represents the 0 power of the base(8). Example: 8 0
    4. The position of the last digit represents the x power of the base(8). Example: 8 x, where x
    represents the last position, i.e., 1

    Number Octal Number

    0 000

    1 001

    2 010

    3 011

    4 100

    5 101

    6 110

    7 111

    Examples:

    (273)8, (5644)8, (0.5365)8, (1123)8, (1223)8.

    Hexadecimal Number System


    It is another technique to represent the number in the digital system called
    the hexadecimal number system. The number system has a base of 16 means there
    are total 16 symbols(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F) used for representing a
    number. The single-bit representation of decimal values10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are
    represented by A, B, C, D, E, and F. Only 4 bits are required for representing a number in
    a hexadecimal number. Each set of bits has a distinct value between 0 and 15. There are
    the following characteristics of the octal number system:

    Characteristics:

    1. It has ten digits from 0 to 9 and 6 letters from A to F.


    2. The letters from A to F defines numbers from 10 to 15.
    3. It is also known as the base 16number system.
    4. In hexadecimal number, the position of a digit represents the 0 power of the base(16).
    Example: 160
    5. In hexadecimal number, the position of the last digit represents the x power of the
    base(16). Example: 16x, where x represents the last position, i.e., 1

    Binary Number Hexadecimal Number

    0000 0

    0001 1

    0010 2

    0011 3

    0100 4

    0101 5

    0110 6

    0111 7

    1000 8
    1001 9

    1010 A

    1011 B

    1100 C

    1101 D

    1110 E

    1111 F

    Examples:

    (FAC2)16, (564)16, (0ABD5)16, (1123)16, (11F3)16.

    What is Number System ?


    A number system is a method to represent numbers mathematically. It can
    use arithmetic operations to represent every number uniquely. To represent
    a number, it requires a base or radix.

    Types of Number System


    There are four common types of number systems based on the radix or base
    of the number :
    1. Decimal number system or Base 10 number system
    2. Binary number system or Base 2 number system
    3. Octal number system or Base 8 number system
    4. Hexadecimal number system or Base 16 number system
    Number System Conversion Methods
    A number N in base or radix b can be written as:
    (N)b = dn-1 dn-2 -- -- -- -- d1 d0 . d-1 d-2 -- -- -- -- d-m

    In the above, dn-1 to d0 is the integer part, then follows a radix point, and then
    d-1 to d-m is the fractional part.
    dn-1 = Most significant bit (MSB)
    d-m = Least significant bit (LSB)

    1. Decimal to Binary Number System


    To convert from decimal to binary, start dividing decimal number by 2, and
    whatever the reminder getting, writing down from bottom to top, and that will
    be the binary number representation of the decimal number. And the number
    contains fractional part, then multiply 2 in the fractional part.
    Example
    (10.25)10

    Note: Keep multiplying the fractional part with 2 until decimal part 0.00 is
    obtained.
    (0.25)10 = (0.01)2
    Answer: (10.25)10 = (1010.01)2
    2. Binary to Decimal Number System
    To convert from binary to decimal, start multiplying the exponent of 2 with
    each digit of the number in decreasing order. If the number contains
    fractional part then will divide it by the exponent of 2.
    Example
    (1010.01)2
    1x23 + 0x22 + 1x21+ 0x20 + 0x2 -1 + 1x2 -2 = 8+0+2+0+0+0.25 = 10.25
    (1010.01)2 = (10.25)10
    3. Decimal to Octal Number System
    To convert from decimal to octal, start dividing decimal number by 8, and
    whatever the reminder getting, writing down from bottom to top, and that will
    be the octal number representation of the decimal number. And the number
    contains fractional part, then multiply 8 in the fractional part.
    Example
    (10.25)10
    (10)10 = (12)8
    Fractional part:
    0.25 x 8 = 2.00
    Note: Keep multiplying the fractional part with 8 until decimal part .00 is
    obtained.
    (.25)10 = (.2)8
    Answer: (10.25)10 = (12.2)8

    4. Octal to Decimal Number System


    To convert from octal to decimal, start multiplying the exponent of 8 with
    each digit of the number in decreasing order. If the number contains
    fractional part then will divide it by the exponent of 8.
    Example
    (12.2)8
    1 x 81 + 2 x 80 +2 x 8-1 = 8+2+0.25 = 10.25
    (12.2)8 = (10.25)10
    5. Hexadecimal to Binary Number System
    To convert from Hexadecimal to Binary, write the 4-bit binary equivalent of
    hexadecimal.
    Example
    (3A)16 = (00111010)2
    6. Binary to Hexadecimal Number System
    To convert from Binary to Hexadecimal, start grouping the bits in groups of 4
    from the right-end and write the equivalent hexadecimal for the 4-bit binary.
    Add extra 0’s on the left to adjust the groups.
    Example
    1111011011
    0011 1101 1011
    (001111011011 )2 = (3DB)16
    7. Binary to Octal Number System
    To convert from binary to octal, start grouping the bits in groups of 3 from the
    right end and write the equivalent octal for the 3-bit binary. Add 0’s on the left
    to adjust the groups.
    Example
    111101101
    111 101 101
    (111101101)2 = (755)8
    Conclusion
    In the conclusion, number system provides a representation of a number
    with respect to the given base or radix. Basically, we have common types of
    number system named as binary number system, decimal number system,
    octal number system and hexadecimal number system.
    Number System and Base Conversions
    What is number system and its conversion?
    A number system is a method to represent numbers mathematically. It can
    use arithmetic operations to represent every number uniquely. To represent
    a number, we convert it requires a base or radix.

    How to do base conversions?


    For this, first take the number and then divide it by the given base. Then note
    down the remainder obtained after the division. Then, divide the quotient of
    the division obtained by the given base.

    How to calculate number system?


    There are 3 required steps to calculate the number system.
    STEP 1 – Divide the number with the given base of another number.
    STEP 2 – Note down the resulting remainder
    STEP 3 – Divide the quotient

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