Npa 2023-02

European Union Aviation Safety Agency
Notice of Proposed Amendment 2023-02

in accordance with
Article 6 of MB Decision No 01-2022
Training the next generation of ATCOs

Setting performance standards for the initial training output based
on the principles of competency-based training and assessment,
enabling the virtualisation of training and the acceptance of third-
country ATCO licences
RMT.0668 (SUBTASKS 3 & 4)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The objective of the proposed amendments in this Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) is to achieve
European-wide performance standards concerning the output level of air traffic controllers’ (ATCOs) initial
training, to maintain a high and uniform level of safety and enhance efficiency and flexibility in the training and
availability of ATCOs.
Under Subtask 4 of RMT.0668 EASA aims to:
— harmonise the initial training output to handle complex and dense traffic situations,
— enhance the regulatory framework for instructors and assessors by setting the required performance
standards using the principles of competency-based training and assessment (CBTA), which is also the
ICAO preferred route to all aviation personnel licensing.
— enable the utilisation of virtual training proposals stemming from the COVID-19 RNO project.
In addition, under Subtask 3, through the new proposal for a delegated act, Member States will be able to
positively respond to conversion requests from third-country ATCOs that are interested in obtaining European
Union licences, while taking account of their prior training and operational experience. This will also contribute
to a more flexible use of the available ATCO resources and thus to a better air traffic capacity management
across Europe.
Domain: Competence of personnel
Related rules: Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 (ATCO Regulation) and related AMC & GM
Affected stakeholders: ATCO training organisations, ATM/ANS service providers, national competent authorities, ATCOs,
aero-medical centres, aero-medical examiners
Driver: Efficiency/proportionality Rulemaking group: Yes (Subtask 4)
No (Subtask 3)
Impact assessment: Light
EASA rulemaking procedure milestones
Start Consultation Proposal to the Adoption by the Decision

Terms of Reference NPA 202X-XX Commission Commission Acceptable Means of
Compliance,
EASA Opinion Delegated act
Guidance Material
10.8.2017 2.5.2023 2024/Q1 2024 2024
TE.RPRO.00034-011 © European Union Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified.
Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet. Page 1 of 147
An agency of the European Union
European Union Aviation Safety Agency NPA 2023-02
Table of contents
Table of contents
1. About this NPA...................................................................................................................... 7
1.1. How this NPA was developed ................................................................................................... 7
1.2. How to comment on this NPA .................................................................................................. 8
1.3. The next steps .......................................................................................................................... 8
2. In summary — why and what ................................................................................................ 9
2.1. Why we need to amend the rules — issue/rationale ............................................................ 10
2.1.1. Different performance levels of student ATCOs ............................................................. 10
2.1.2. Instructors and assessors ................................................................................................ 12
2.1.3. Virtual training ................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.4. Acceptance of licences from third countries .................................................................. 13
2.1.5. ICAO and the CBTA .......................................................................................................... 13
2.2. What we want to achieve — objectives ................................................................................. 14
2.3. How we want to achieve it — overview of the proposed amendments................................ 14
2.3.1. Different performance levels of student ATCOs ............................................................. 14
2.4. Alignment with Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ............................................................................ 16
2.5. Alignment with the inputs resulting from the committee procedure for Opinion No 06/2022
17
2.6. What are the expected benefits and drawbacks of the proposed amendments .................. 17
2.6.1. Facilitate the implementation of the CBTA ..................................................................... 17
2.6.2. Impact of the CBTA on ATC initial training ...................................................................... 17
2.7. Stakeholders’ views on unit endorsements for remote aerodrome air traffic services
provision ............................................................................................................................................ 21
2.8. Monitoring and evaluation ..................................................................................................... 22
3. Proposed amendments and rationale in detail ..................................................................... 23
GM1 Article 2(2) Compliance with the requirements and procedures ......................................... 23
Article 4 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 23
GM1 Article 4(6) Definitions .......................................................................................................... 27
Article 6 - Competent authority for the purposes of Annexes I, III and IV ................................... 27
SUBPART A – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 28
ATCO.A.015 Exercise of the privileges of licences and provisional inability ................................ 28
SUBPART B – LICENCES, RATINGS AND ENDORSEMENTS ................................................................ 29
ATCO.B.001 Student air traffic controller licence ......................................................................... 29
ATCO.B.005 Air traffic controller licence ...................................................................................... 29
ATCO.B.010 Air traffic controller ratings ...................................................................................... 29
ATCO.B.020 Unit endorsements ................................................................................................... 30
AMC1 ATCO.B.020(i)(3) Unit endorsements................................................................................ 30
GM1 ATCO.B.020(k) Unit endorsements ..................................................................................... 30
ATCO.B.025 Unit competence scheme ......................................................................................... 31
AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(3) Unit competence scheme .................................................................... 32
AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5);(6);(9) Unit competence scheme .......................................................... 32
GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) Unit competence scheme ....................................................................... 33
Table of contents
GM2 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) Unit competence scheme ....................................................................... 34

GM31 ATCO.B.025(a)(59) Unit competence scheme .................................................................... 35
GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(6);(10) Unit competence scheme................................................................ 35
AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(8) Unit competence scheme ...................................................................... 35
GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(910) Unit competence scheme ................................................................... 36
AMC1 ATCO.B.025(b) Unit competence scheme .......................................................................... 36
ATCO.B.030 Language proficiency endorsement ......................................................................... 36
ATCO.B.035 Validity of language proficiency endorsement ......................................................... 36
ATCO.B.040 Assessment of language proficiency ........................................................................ 37
AMC4 ATCO.B.040 Assessment of language proficiency ............................................................. 37
ATCO.B.045 Language training ..................................................................................................... 38
SUBPART C – REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUCTORS AND ASSESSORS ............................................... 39
SECTION 1 – INSTRUCTORS ............................................................................................................... 39
ATCO.C.001 Theoretical instructors.............................................................................................. 39
AMC1 ATCO.C.001(b)(2) Theoretical instructors .......................................................................... 39
ATCO.C.010 On-the-job training instructor (OJTI) privileges ........................................................ 40
GM1 ATCO.C.010(b)(2) On-the-job training instructor (OJTI) privileges ...................................... 40
ATCO.C.015 Application for on-the-job training instructor endorsement ................................... 40
ATCO.C.020 Validity of on-the-job training instructor endorsement ........................................... 40
AMC1 ATCO.C.020(b) Validity of the on-the-job training instructor endorsement ..................... 41
GM1 ATCO.C.020(b) Validity of on-the-job training instructor endorsement ............................. 41
ATCO.C.025 Temporary OJTI authorisation .................................................................................. 41
GM1 ATCO.C.025(a) Temporary OJTI authorisation ..................................................................... 42
AMC1 ATCO.C.030(b)(2) Synthetic training device instructor (STDI) privileges ........................... 42
ATCO.C.035 Application for synthetic training device instructor endorsement .......................... 43
ATCO.C.040 Validity of synthetic training device instructor endorsement .................................. 43
AMC1 ATCO.C.040(b) Validity of the synthetic training device instructor endorsement ............ 43
GM1 ATCO.C.040(b);(c) Validity of synthetic training device instructor endorsement ............... 44
GM1 ATCO.C.040(d) Validity of synthetic training device instructor endorsement .................... 44
ATCO.C.045 Assessor privileges .................................................................................................... 45
AMC1 ATCO.C.045(c)(2) Assessor privileges................................................................................. 46
ATCO.C.055 Application for assessor endorsement ..................................................................... 46
ATCO.C.060 Validity of assessor endorsement............................................................................. 46
AMC1 ATCO.C.060(b) Validity of the assessor endorsement ....................................................... 47
GM1 ATCO.C.060(b);(c) Validity of assessor endorsement .......................................................... 47
AMC1 ATCO.C.060(e) Validity of the assessor endorsement ....................................................... 47
ATCO.C.065 Temporary assessor authorisation ........................................................................... 47
GM1 ATCO.C.065(b) Temporary assessor authorisation .............................................................. 48
SUBPART D – AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER TRAINING ......................................................................... 50
SECTION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................... 50
ATCO.D.001 Objectives of air traffic controller training ............................................................... 50
ATCO.D.003 Principles of competency-based training and assessment ...................................... 50
GM1 ATCO.D.003 Principles of competency-based training and assessment .............................. 50
ATCO.D.005 Types of air traffic controller training ...................................................................... 51
GM1 ATCO.D.005(a)(2)(ii) Types of air traffic controller training ................................................ 51
ATCO.D.010 Composition of initial training .................................................................................. 51
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training ............................................................. 54
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training .......................................................... 54
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training ......................................................... 54
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training ........................................................ 54
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training ........................................................ 54
Table of contents
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training ......................................................... 55

ATCO.D.015 Initial training plan ................................................................................................... 55
GM1 ATCO.D.020(d) Basic and rating training courses ................................................................ 55
ATCO.D.025 Basic training examinations and assessment ........................................................... 56
AMC1 ATCO.D.025(c)(d) Basic training examinations and assessment........................................ 56
AMC1 ATCO.D.025(c);(e) Basic training examinations and assessment....................................... 57
ATCO.D.030 Basic training performance objectives ..................................................................... 58
ATCO.D.035 Rating training examinations and assessment ......................................................... 59
AMC1 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment..................................... 60
ATCO.D.040 Rating training performance objectives ................................................................... 70
AMC1 ATCO.D.040 Rating training performance objectives ........................................................ 71
GM1 ATCO.D.040 Rating training performance objectives .......................................................... 71
SECTION 3 – UNIT TRAINING REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................... 73
ATCO.D.043 Principles of competency-based training and assessment for unit training ............ 73
AMC1 ATCO.D.043(a) Principles of competency-based training and assessment for unit training
73
GM1 ATCO.D.043(a) Principles of competency-based training and assessment for unit training
73
AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(3) Composition of unit training ................................................................. 74
AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(4) Composition of unit training ................................................................. 74
ATCO.D.055 Unit training plan...................................................................................................... 75
AMC2 ATCO.D.055(b)(6) Composition of unit training ................................................................. 75
AMC1 ATCO.D.055(b)(14) Unit training plan ................................................................................ 75
ATCO.D.060 Unit endorsement course......................................................................................... 76
GM1 ATCO.D.060(a)(2) Unit endorsement course ........................................................................ 76
GM1 ATCO.D.060(c) Unit endorsement course............................................................................ 76
ATCO.D.070 Assessments during unit endorsement courses ...................................................... 77
GM1 ATCO.D.070 Assessments during unit endorsement courses.............................................. 77
SECTION 4 – CONTINUATION TRAINING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 79
ATCO.D.075 Continuation training ............................................................................................... 79
ATCO.D.080 Refresher training ..................................................................................................... 79
AMC1 ATCO.D.080 Refresher training .......................................................................................... 79
AMC1 ATCO.D.080(b)(1);(2) Refresher training ........................................................................... 79
GM1 ATCO.D.080(c) Refresher training......................................................................................... 79
ATCO.D.085 Conversion training .................................................................................................. 80
GM1 ATCO.D.085(b) Conversion training ...................................................................................... 80
AMC1 ATCO.D.085(c)(2) Conversion training ............................................................................... 80
SECTION 5 – TRAINING OF INSTRUCTORS AND ASSESSORS...................................................................... 82
ATCO.D.087 Principles for competency-based training and assessment for practical instructors
and assessors ................................................................................................................................. 82
AMC2 ATCO.D.090(a)(1) Training of practical instructors ............................................................. 82
AMC1 ATCO.D.095(a)(1) Training of assessors .............................................................................. 86
AMC2 ATCO.D.090(a)(1) Training of practical instructors ............................................................ 89
AMC1 ATCO.D.095(a)(1) Training of assessors ............................................................................. 89
APPENDIX 2 OF ANNEX I ................................................................................................................ 91
SUBJECT 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE ............................................................................... 91
Table of contents
SUBJECT 2: AVIATION LAW ........................................................................................................... 91

SUBJECT 3: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 92
SUBJECT 4: METEOROLOGY .......................................................................................................... 93
SUBJECT 5: NAVIGATION .............................................................................................................. 94
SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT .................................................................................................................... 95
SUBJECT 7: HUMAN FACTORS ...................................................................................................... 96
SUBJECT 8: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS ....................................................................................... 97
SUBJECT 9: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................. 98
APPENDIX 3 OF ANNEX I ................................................................................................................ 98
APPENDIX 4 OF ANNEX I .............................................................................................................. 104
AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (ACP)................................................................................ 110
APPENDIX 6 OF ANNEX I ............................................................................................................. 116
APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (APS) .................................................................... 116
AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (ACS) .............................................................................. 122
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.001(d) Management system of training organisations ................................. 129
ATCO.OR.C.015 Facilities and equipment.................................................................................... 129
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.015(a) Facilities and equipment..................................................................... 130
GM1 ATCO.OR.C.015(a) Facilities and equipment ...................................................................... 130
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.015(b) Facilities and equipment ................................................................... 131
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.020(a);(b) Record keeping............................................................................. 132
ATCO.OR.D.001 Requirements for training courses and training plans ...................................... 133
AMC1 ATCO.OR.D.001 Requirements for training courses and training plans .......................... 133
GM1 ATCO.OR.D.001 Requirements for training courses and training plans ............................. 134
ANNEX II – PART ATCO.AR – REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPETENT AUTHORITIES ............................ 135
GM1 ATCO.AR.D.001(d) Procedure for the issue, revalidation and renewal of licences, ratings,
endorsements and authorisations............................................................................................... 135
ATCO.AR.D.005 Revocation and suspension of licences, ratings and endorsements ................ 135
INITIAL TRAINING CONTENT ..................................................................................................... 136
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a) Composition of initial training ................................................................ 136
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training ............................................................. 137
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training ......................................................... 138
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training ........................................................ 139
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training ...................................................... 140
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training ...................................................... 141
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training ....................................................... 142
COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) …/... .................................................................... 143
4. Proposed actions to support implementation .................................................................... 145
5. References ........................................................................................................................ 146
5.1. Related EU regulations ......................................................................................................... 146
5.2. Related EASA decisions ........................................................................................................ 146
5.3. Other references .................................................................................................................. 146
6. Quality of the NPA ............................................................................................................ 147
6.1. The regulatory proposal is of technically good/high quality ................................................ 147
6.2. The text is clear, readable and understandable ................................................................... 147
6.3. The regulatory proposal is well substantiated ..................................................................... 147
Table of contents
6.4. The regulatory proposal is fit for purpose (capable of achieving the objectives set) .......... 147
6.5. The impact assessment (IA), as well as its qualitative and quantitative data, is of high quality
147
6.6. The regulatory proposal applies the ‘better regulation’ principles ..................................... 147
6.7. Any other comments on the quality of this NPA (please specify) ........................................ 147
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1. About this NPA
1.1. How this NPA was developed

The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) developed this NPA in line with Regulation
(EU) 2018/11391 (the ‘Basic Regulation’) and the Rulemaking Procedure2. This Rulemaking Task
RMT.0668 is included in Volume II of the European Plan for Aviation Safety (EPAS) for 2023-20253. The
scope and timescales of the task were defined in the related Terms of Reference (ToR)4.
This NPA groups Subtasks 3 and 4 of the said rulemaking task. The proposal relevant to Subtask 3, to
introduce a mechanism for the recognition of third-country ATCO licences under Regulation (EU)
2015/340 5 (ATCO Regulation), has been developed by EASA, while the proposals under Subtask 4
aiming to harmonise the initial training qualification output to handle complex and dense traffic
situations and to enhance the qualification requirements for instructors and assessors by setting the
required performance standards using the principles of the CBTA, as well as enable the utilisation of
virtual training proposals stemming from the COVID-19 RNO project, were developed with the
contribution of a rulemaking group composed of experts having experience in the field of ATCO
training and assessment. EUROCONTROL experts prepared the proposals for the adapted competency
models that were discussed by the rulemaking group. In addition, experts from six different training
organisations with experience in training for procedural ratings participated in the definition of
conditions for approach control procedural and area control procedural ratings. The NPA is hereby
submitted for consultation in accordance with Article 115 of the Basic Regulation, and Article 6 of the
Rulemaking Procedure.
Additionally, a number of inputs resulting from the committee procedure for Opinion No 06/2022
have been taken into account in this NPA — see Section 2.5.
The major milestones of this RMT are presented on the cover page.
1 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018 on common rules in the field of
civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005,
(EC) No 1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European
Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European
Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 (OJ L 212, 22.8.2018, p. 1) (https://eur-
lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1535612134845&uri=CELEX:32018R1139).
2 EASA is bound to follow a structured rulemaking process as required by Article 115(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139.
Such a process has been adopted by the EASA Management Board (MB) and is referred to as the ‘Rulemaking Procedure’.
See MB Decision No 01-2022 of 2 May 2022 on the procedure to be applied by EASA for the issuing of opinions,
certification specifications and other detailed specifications, acceptable means of compliance and guidance material
('Rulemaking Procedure'), and repealing Management Board Decision No 18-2015 (https://www.easa.europa.eu/the-
agency/management-board/decisions/easa-mb-decision-01-2022-rulemaking-procedure-repealing-mb).
3 European Plan for Aviation Safety (EPAS) 2023-2025 | EASA (europa.eu)
4 See ToR RMT.0668 - Regular update of the air traffic controller licencing rules (implementing rules, acceptable means of
compliance, guidance material) | EASA (europa.eu)
5 Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 of 20 February 2015 laying down technical requirements and administrative
procedures relating to air traffic controllers' licences and certificates pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the
European Parliament and of the Council, amending Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 and
repealing Commission Regulation (EU) No 805/2011 (OJ L 63, 6.3.2015, p. 1) (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015R0340&qid=1620633155104).
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1.2. How to comment on this NPA

Please submit your comments using the automated Comment-Response Tool (CRT) available at
http://hub.easa.europa.eu/crt/6.
The deadline for the submission of comments is 2 August 2023.
1.3. The next steps

Following the public consultation, EASA will review all comments received.
Based on the comments received, EASA will revise, if necessary, the proposed amendments to the
ATCO Regulation and issue an opinion. A summary of the comments received will be provided in the
explanatory notes to the opinion.
The individual comments received on this NPA and the EASA responses to them will be reflected in a
comment-response document (CRD), which will be published on the EASA website7.
The opinion will be submitted to the European Commission, which will decide whether to amend the
ATCO Regulation accordingly.
In accordance with Article 128(4) of the Basic Regulation, before adopting a delegated act, the
Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with principles laid
down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making. Following the
consultation by EASA, the draft of this delegated act shall be presented to the Air Safety experts group,
which includes representatives from the Member States.
If the European Commission decides to amend the ATCO Regulation based on the opinion, EASA will
publish a decision to amend the related acceptable means of compliance (AMC) and guidance material
(GM) to support the implementation of the amendments to the Regulation.
6 In case of technical problems, please send an email to crt@easa.europa.eu with a short description.
7 https://www.easa.europa.eu/document-library/comment-response-documents
2. In summary — why and what

With the aviation industry rapidly evolving, the ATCO Regulation needs to be updated to ensure that
it is fit for purpose, cost-effective and in line with the globally applicable standards and practices.
High-level policy documents, notably the Report of the Wise Persons Group8, identified already before
the pandemic that the limited availability and flexibility of ATCO resources hamper the provision of
capacity scaled to the demand, and thus the sustainability of the European ATM system. They urged
the revision of the current requirements governing ATCO licensing and training and called for more
harmonised European training standards as being one factor to allow more flexibility in the use of the
ATCO resources.
EASA is committed to supporting the technological and operational developments and conceptual
changes that are intended to allow for more flexibility in the use of the available ATCO resources.
In addition, acknowledging the recommendations of the Wise Persons Group, it is now time to update
the current requirements governing ATCO licensing and training vis-à-vis future ATM needs and the
transition towards a more digital ATM environment. With the future amendments to the technical
requirements and administrative procedures relating to ATCO licensing, EASA also aims to assist its
stakeholders, among others, in:
— fully exploiting the current regulatory framework and accommodating new technologies and
operational concepts through lifting all regulatory obstacles;
— ensuring a more harmonised level of initial training output and providing concrete specifications
for synthetic training devices; and
— making distance learning and the use of new digital instruction means possible in a harmonised
manner following the COVID-19 pandemic.
The proposed amendments create a less fragmented qualification system and thus enable the
application of more harmonised European training standards, as well as make additional ATCO
resources available. EASA considers that this is an important step towards allowing more flexibility in
the use of the available ATCO resources, as called for in the above-mentioned Report.
Besides, with the adoption of the Basic Regulation and in particular its Article 68, the Commission is
now empowered to adopt delegated acts with regard to the acceptance of certificates and other
documentation attesting compliance with civil aviation rules issued in accordance with the laws of a
third country, whilst ensuring an equivalent level of safety to that provided for in the said Regulation.
This NPA therefore includes proposals aiming to bring the current regulatory framework into line with
the Basic Regulation and to enable the acceptance of third-country ATCO licences without prejudice
to international agreements concluded between the Union and a third country in accordance with
point (a) of Article 68(1) of the Basic Regulation.
8 https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/2019-04-report-of-the-wise-persons-group-on-the-future-of-the-
single-european-sky.pdf
2.1. Why we need to amend the rules — issue/rationale
2.1.1. Different performance levels of student ATCOs

At present, student ATCO licences issued on successful completion of initial training with at least one
rating do not have a common EU-wide defined performance standard. This leads to licence holders
across the EU having different levels of proficiency and performance. For historical reasons, linked
to established training regimes and, at the time, significant diversity in operational practices across
Europe, the common rules governing initial training only detail training objectives. The final
performance standard for a rating is independently determined by each initial training organisation
(ITO). The only requirement today is that the applicant demonstrates the ability to ‘handle complex
and dense traffic situations’. Since such situations have not been defined, national competent
authorities (NCAs) have no common criteria against which to determine whether this requirement has
been met.
These differences are problematic for multiple reasons:
— A Member State is obliged to recognise the licence of another Member State even if the level
of performance is different from the level achieved by licence holders in their own State.
— There is a risk of students failing their unit training because the performance standard they were
required to achieve in order to obtain their student ATCO licence was lower than the
performance standard necessary for starting training at their destination ATC unit.
— it is difficult for the relevant training organisations to design a common unit training when the
student ATCOs come from different ITOs and perform according to different standards.
As a result, each ITO (and as a consequence, each student ATCO licence) has a different underlying
performance standard, based on the local interpretation of ‘dense and complex traffic situations’.
Examples illustrating the differences in performance standards may be:
A licence holder in State A is able to: A licence holder in State B is able to:
- control 45 aircraft per hour in a mixed - control 20 aircraft of a similar performance
aircraft type configuration type per hour
- provide control in an airspace that has - provide control in an upper, en-route
multiple crossing/climbing conflicts airspace where the aircraft are
- resolve 4 simultaneous conflicts involving at predominantly in cruise flight
least 1 conflict of 3 or more aircraft - resolve 2 simultaneous conflicts involving
- work as both a tactical and a planner only 2 aircraft at a time
controller - work in a combined tactical/planner position
- manage a variety of degraded modes and
unusual situations
Aside from the disparity between licensing standards, one of the risks for European air navigation
services providers (ANSPs) when they need to meet capacity demands is a shortage of qualified ATCOs.
Failure rates of applicants undertaking ATCO training and the duration of ATCO training, in particular
unit training, shall be considered as contributing factors.
Training of ATCOs is expensive. Some ANSPs quote just under a million EUROs to take one candidate
from selection/recruitment, through training, to the point where they can first work independently
(first endorsement). Consequently, a failure is both a financial loss and a contributor towards delayed
resolution of capacity issues that originate in staff shortages. Figures on student pass rates across
ANSPs is not publicly available but is estimated to vary from 50 % to 100 % pass rates. In any event, it
would seem that the majority of ANSPs may be able to close any staff shortage gaps by improving the
pass rate9.
Furthermore, the lack of a harmonised performance standard enables ITOs to commercially compete
by offering rating training courses that are substantially shorter and consequentially cheaper than
those of the same type carried out by ANSPs for their own student ATCOs. Examples may be found
where a 16-week Basic course and a 17-week Area Control Surveillance (ACS) course are offered for
commercial clients, but the same courses for the own ANSP student ATCOs last 21 and 27 weeks
respectively. Undoubtedly these differences result in different performance levels achieved at the end
of these courses.
The biggest challenge to making improvements in the performance of ATC training today is that ATCO
training organisations (ATOs) and ANSPs already have well-established training programmes adapted
to support their own current operations. Currently ATCOs are trained to perform safely and efficiently
in their particular environment, with their unique operational procedures, meteorological conditions,
airspace configurations, etc. Even in presence of common Initial Training provisions, this
fragmentation has led to vastly different training programmes being implemented across Europe.
This situation does not support the evolution of the European ATM landscape towards dynamic
management of the airspace, further standardised operational procedures, and technological
convergence. Future operations would require ATC training and ATCOs’ performance to also converge.
This need will be further intensified as capacity demands increase and new licence and rating
configurations are established.
Compared to today’s architecture based on the geographical ATC sectors, system-based ATCO
licensing would be different in matching the operational characteristics dependent on the systems
used. Those system requirements need to be associated with the necessary qualification requirements
and supported with appropriate training. Crucially, this would allow ATCOs to manage any part of the
airspace, including not distinct sectors.
EASA is attentive to the needs of its stakeholders and is willing to accompany this evolution with the
necessary regulatory adaptations to transition the licensing scheme, including its training aspects,
towards a system-based approach.
Conclusion
There will be no training and assessment improvement if there is no further harmonisation of the
initial training. By keeping the current training and assessment system, it is also difficult to achieve
flexibility and resilience in responding to new technological developments and operational changes.
Progressing with gradual adjustments to the established training programmes, starting with further
harmonising the outcome of initial training, will bring the first benefits. Establishing performance
standards will ensure that the end result is harmonised. This, in turn, will facilitate individual ATCO
mobility.
9 This subject has been extensively discussed by the Network Management Board in 2019. Reference is made here to NMB-
19-24-9-Item 2.7- ATCO Training. Attachment: Report of efficiencies in ATC Training. 20.3.19.
2.1.2. Instructors and assessors

According to the ATCO Regulation, appropriately qualified instructors carry out training (theoretical
and practical), while assessors conduct the evaluation of the practical skills leading to the issue of the
licence, rating and/or endorsement(s) and their revalidation and/or renewal. The role of the assessors
is to perform all assessments during the initial training, ongoing competence, but as well, during any
other situation requiring an assessment to be performed. Thus the burden to provide good planning
and availability of the assessors during all these processes mentioned.
Due to the conditions faced during the years of the pandemic, ANSPs had to:
(a) continue to provide the environment for the preparation of new ATCOs; and
(b) maintain competencies for already qualified ATCOs in a situation with hugely reduced traffic.
The common elements for (a) and (b) above is the availability of training and the possibilities to adapt
to the new sanitary conditions. This provided the basis for undertaking parts of the initial training or
continuation training in a virtual environment. The best practices and lessons learnt from
implementing virtual training showed that there are differences between a classroom and a virtual
course in terms of technical aspects, interaction with the students and duration. Having said this,
beside the modification of the current course content to be adapted to the virtual environment, the
theoretical instructors need to possess a number of skills to cope with the delivery of such courses
(see also Section 2.1.3).
Conclusion
The continuity of ATCOs’ availability (qualified or to be qualified) and delivery of safe air traffic services
will be put under risk again should a pandemic or similar disruption arise in the future if no action is
taken to address the training-related issues experienced during the COVID pandemic. Therefore, there
is a need to ensure a new skill set to deliver training in a virtual environment. Additionally, experience
gained with the implementation of the ATCO Regulation suggested that if no action is taken, the heavy
burden on assessors and ANSPs driven by the current applicable requirements will continue, or even
increase, with the introduction of virtual training.
2.1.3. Virtual training

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the aviation training industry experienced a major shift to more online
learning and instruction, such as distance learning and virtual classroom instruction. EASA assisted
stakeholders throughout the pandemic with guidelines vis-à-vis the operations under the COVID-19
pandemic10.
Nonetheless, online teaching requires careful thinking from training organisations about how students
and instructors are prepared for the change, and serious consideration about whether the teaching
style is still effective when taken out from the classroom and transposed to a virtual environment.
Conclusion
Without introducing harmonised means addressing the various elements of remote delivery of
theoretical training and the use of synthetic training devices, there is a risk of losing the experience
10 ‘Guidance for allowing virtual classroom instruction and distance learning’, Issue 5, dated 18/08/2020.
gained during the COVID-19 pandemic. This experience allowed virtual classroom instruction and
distance learning while maintaining high-quality standards of training in Europe.
2.1.4. Acceptance of licences from third countries

The Report of the Wise Persons Group11 identified the lack of flexibility in ATCO staffing levels in the
European Union (EU) as one of the factors that restricts the scalable capacity of the European ATM
system.
The acceptance of third-country ATCO licences is not covered by the current ATCO Regulation.
However, the Basic Regulation and, in particular, its Article 68 empowers the Commission to adopt
delegated acts with regard to the acceptance of certificates and other documentation attesting
compliance with civil aviation rules issued in accordance with the laws of a third country, whilst
ensuring an equivalent level of safety to that provided for in said Regulation.
This proposal is therefore intended to increase the availability of ATCOs in the EU ATM system by
enabling the acceptance of individual third-country ATCO licences without prejudice to international
agreements concluded between the Union and a third country in accordance with point (a) of Article
68(1) of the Basic Regulation.
This proposal also responds to certain comments received from the public consultation of NPA 2021-
08 suggesting the application of the principles and methodology established for the crediting and/or
conversion of military licences also to other types of national and international licences.
Conclusion
Without the issue of a new delegated act, the NCAs of the Member States shall continue to be
prevented from handling licence conversion requests coming from third-country ATCOs. This proposal
therefore introduces the appropriate harmonised mechanism, ensuring an equivalent level of safety
to that provided for in the Basic Regulation.
2.1.5. ICAO and the CBTA

ICAO has established a Personnel Training and Licensing Panel with the task of introducing the CBTA
as a route to licensing for all licensed aviation personnel, including ATCOs. The current licensing route
(i.e. based on knowledge, skills and time-based experience) will also remain in place for States that
have not reached a level of training maturity that would enable the introduction of the CBTA. Due to
the level of maturity in the licensing of aviation personnel achieved by appropriate regulatory
frameworks, EU Member States are considered not to be part of this latter group.
The introduction of performance standards using the ICAO principles of the CBTA was the chosen way
to harmonise the currently different performance levels of student ATCOs explained in Section 2.1.1.
The standards for licensing through the CBTA will be associated with the ICAO ATC Competency
Framework12. The proposed requirements for establishing a performance standard for initial training
are fully in line with the ICAO concept of adaptability; there are successful examples of the application
of such models at State level (Australia) and at ANSP level (NavCanada, Airways New Zealand) of ab
11 https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/2019-04-report-of-the-wise-persons-group-on-the-future-of-the-
single-european-sky.pdf
12 ICAO Doc 9868 PANS-Training
initio competency models that apply to all students irrespective of the unit that they will ultimately
go to after completion of initial training.
Conclusion
The introduction of the CBTA in ATCO initial training is a step ahead given the maturity of the European
training and assessment system. Building on the available successful examples, EU ATCO training
organisations will benefit from the experience gained, thus ensuring smooth CBTA implementation.
2.2. What we want to achieve — objectives

The overall objectives of the EASA system are defined in Article 1 of the Basic Regulation. This proposal
will contribute to achieving the overall objectives by addressing the issues described in Section 2.1.
The general objective of RMT.0668 is to ensure a high and uniform level of safety in air traffic
management (ATM)/air navigation services (ANS), and more specifically in the provision of air traffic
services (ATS), by ensuring continued alignment of the qualification scheme of ATCOs stipulated in the
ATCO Regulation with the evolution of the regulatory framework, the state of the art and the
recognised best practices in aviation.
The specific objectives of this proposal regarding the ATCO Regulation are to:
— harmonise the initial training performance standards to handle complex and dense traffic
situations;
— enhance the qualification requirements for instructors and assessors by setting the required
performance standards using the principles of the CBTA; and
— enable the utilisation of virtual training proposals stemming from the COVID-19 RNO project.
The new delegated act proposed as part of this NPA will, in addition, complete the legal framework
foreseen by the Basic Regulation regarding the acceptance of third-country ATCO certification. This
new instrument aims to enable NCAs to handle licence conversion requests coming from third-country
ATCOs in a harmonised and controlled manner, ensuring an equivalent level of safety to that provided
for in the Basic Regulation.
2.3. How we want to achieve it — overview of the proposed amendments
2.3.1. Different performance levels of student ATCOs

EASA proposes to introduce a new, harmonised initial training performance standard that will
effectively define what is required by student ATCOs to demonstrate that they are able to handle
‘complex and dense traffic situations’. This performance standard uses the ICAO principles of
competency-based training and assessment and a sub-set of the ICAO ATCO Competency
Framework. This also takes into consideration the work started by the ICAO Personnel Training and
Licensing Panel on future ICAO standards for ATC training and licensing, with the necessary
adaptations to the European environment with common rules.
The CBTA is not a new concept. It has a 60-year history of evolution. It is globally recognised as a
pedagogically effective way to train personnel who are in safety-critical jobs that are performed in
dynamic environments where the conditions and contexts within which they operate are constantly
changing. It is a regulatory requirement in some countries (e.g. Australia), and has been adopted by
many ANSPs worldwide (e.g. NavCanada, Airways New Zealand), including ANSPs in Europe (e.g.
MATS, LVNL, MUAC, EPN and CroatiaControl). It is the ICAO preferred route to all aviation personnel
licensing.
The proposed solution to define the performance standards using the ICAO competency-based
approach to training and assessment (in ICAO terms, to create an adapted competency model) is
limited at this stage to initial training, as this is a controlled and synthetic environment where all
conditions and standards can be designed into the training. The ICAO method for creating adapted
competency models enables the performance standards to be defined in such a way that it allows a
variety of systems, technologies, procedures and airspaces to be used. Any advancements in any of
these areas will not be constrained by the performance standards.
Sufficiently high ATCO performance standards achieved at the end of initial training are likely to lead
to the successful completion of unit training and thus to improve the pass rate. High and common
initial training performance standards may also reduce the duration of the unit training.
In unit training the conditions and standards become specific to the local operational environment,
and the competency models should be adapted accordingly by the training organisations.

The implementation of the CBTA concept to the ATCO training needs has also been extended to both
instructors and assessors. The practical instructors and assessors are provided with a framework of
the adapted competency model to enable the performance standards required for these categories
of qualified ATCOs.
Assessor privileges are revised to allow experienced assessors to act without the valid synthetic
training device instructor (STDI) and on-the-job training instructor (OJTI) endorsement for the
purposes of issuing and renewing STDI and OJTI endorsements. It is envisaged that this will ease the
planning and availability of such staff within the training and assessment processes.
Additionally, linked with the virtual training (discussed in Section 2.3.3), it is proposed that theoretical
instructors possess skills in the area where the training could be ensured in a virtual environment.
The availability of practical instructors and assessors without a valid unit endorsement would create
a more flexible scheme of resources to be used by the ATC units.

During the COVID-19 outbreak, it was necessary to introduce different ways of learning and
communicating to successfully enable the continuation of the required training. As a result of this
experience, it became evident that remote learning, if appropriately arranged to meet the intended
objectives of ATCO training, may become a suitable and, in some cases, an advantageous practice. To
achieve this evolution, European aviation training providers need to shift more of their theoretical
knowledge instruction footprint to a remote/virtual environment to enable continuity of the planned
training. Aviation authorities will play a key role to facilitate this evolution in a safe and efficient
manner.
For this purpose, this NPA includes proposals for new AMC and GM concerning:
— definitions for remote learning and virtual classroom;
— means of compliance for instructors involved in virtual training;

— guidance on remote delivery of training courses and training plans;
— guidance on the methods for remote evaluation;
— re-classification of STD tools and improved guidelines for best usage of simulators.

Building on the empowerment to adopt delegated acts regarding the acceptance of certificates and
other documentation attesting compliance with civil aviation rules issued in accordance with the laws
of a third country, this NPA proposes to enable the acceptance of third-country ATCO licences without
prejudice to international agreements concluded between the Union and a third country in
accordance with point (a) of Article 68(1) of the Basic Regulation.
A similar approach to that of the conversion of a European military air traffic controller licence is
proposed, with the purpose of enabling third-country ATCOs to obtain credit for the training received
for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with the training requirements that apply to European
ATCOs.
Obtaining an EU student ATCO licence will enable applicants to further undertake a unit endorsement
course, including on-the-job training, within a specific air traffic services unit for the purposes of the
issuance of an EU ATCO licence.
In view of the above, this NPA proposes that the conversion is based on a report established by training
organisations certified in accordance with the ATCO Regulation to provide initial training. Such a
report should include the results of an assessment of the previous training and experience of the ATCO
concerned. To achieve a harmonised approach within the EU, the main elements of such national
conversion reports in terms of content and format will be specified in the proposed delegated
regulation. Accomplishing additional training that arises as necessary from the conversion report
would be less time intensive for the applicant than taking the entire initial ATCO training course. The
conversion would thus enable third-country ATCOs to be more swiftly available to ANSPs, without any
detriment to safety, as such process would ensure that the ATCOs concerned would be qualified in
compliance with the requirements of the ATCO Regulation.
2.4. Alignment with Regulation (EU) 2017/373

During the MAB consultation of Opinion No 06/2022, the text of the ATCO Regulation was suggested
to be aligned with that of Regulation (EU) 2017/37313 laying down common requirements for
providers of air traffic management/air navigation services and other air traffic management network
functions and their oversight, which introduced specific requirements for air traffic services providers
(ATSPs). It is therefore now proposed to change the reference to ATSPs rather than using the generic
term ANSP. Although ATS is part of ANS, not all ANSPs are ATSPs. The ATCO Regulation applies only to
ATSPs and not to all ANSPs in general.
13 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 of 1 March 2017 laying down common requirements for providers
of air traffic management/air navigation services and other air traffic management network functions and their oversight,
repealing Regulation (EC) No 482/2008, Implementing Regulations (EU) No 1034/2011, (EU) No 1035/2011 and (EU)
2016/1377 and amending Regulation (EU) No 677/2011 (OJ L 62, 8.3.2017, p. 1) (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32017R0373&qid=1671717041317).
For further explanation on the proposed regulatory material, see the ‘rationale’ boxes in Chapter 3.
2.5. Alignment with the inputs resulting from the committee procedure for Opinion
No 06/2022
A number of inputs resulting from the committee procedure for Opinion No 06/2022 have been taken
into account in this NPA. Said inputs are described below:
— ‘Language assessment bodies’ has been changed to ‘language testing organisations’ to align
with the terminology used by ICAO and in the FCL Regulation.
— The word ‘immediately’ has been deleted from the phrase ‘immediately preceding’.
— Rewording of ATCO.C.065 ‘Temporary assessor authorisation’ by moving in point (a) the
conditions a holder of an assessor endorsement issued in accordance with ATCO.C.055 needs
to meet in order to be authorised to carry out assessments referred to in ATCO.C.045(b)(3) and
(4) to cover exceptional situations or to ensure the independence of the assessment. This
amendment was made to avoid the repetition of the same wording in points (b) and (c).
2.6. What are the expected benefits and drawbacks of the proposed amendments
Further to the conclusions in Section 2.1, the expected benefits and drawbacks of the proposed
amendments are summarised below.
2.6.1. Facilitate the implementation of the CBTA

In the EPAS for 2023-2025 the issue of ‘competence of personnel’ has been elevated to become a
stand-alone strategic objective and cross-domain priority. The aim is to support the implementation
of the CBTA for all regulated aviation personnel, including NCA staff. This will promote a more
evidence-based, data-driven approach to aviation training and examination.
The availability of competent and well-trained aviation personnel is essential to cope with the
increased complexity of the aviation system resulting from the adoption of new business models,
operational concepts, advanced technologies, and the introduction of new procedures or standards.
The shift from traditional, prescriptive training objectives and ITO-determined performance standards
to a harmonised set of initial training competencies, holds the potential for both safety benefits and
operational efficiency gains once regulators, NCAs and industry reach the maturity levels required to
properly and efficiently implement the CBTA methodology.
This cross-domain strategic priority aims at the successful implementation of the CBTA, for all licences
and ratings, allowing adequate supply of instructors, as well as ensuring the availability of competent
personnel in NCAs, taking advantage of new technology and an increasingly data-driven approach to
training. The shift towards adopting the CBTA within the industry presents a significant challenge for
NCAs considering the need to adjust and, in some cases, refocus their existing safety oversight
programmes.
2.6.2. Impact of the CBTA on ATC initial training

The CBTA approach was chosen as the way to introduce the harmonised initial training performance
standards because:
— the way it describes performance is similar to the current way of describing performance; and
— ICAO is advocating for the CBTA and amending Annex 1 ‘Personnel Licensing’ to allow for the
CBTA as a route to licensing.
The ATCO Regulation currently requires ITOs to develop performance objectives for each rating
course. Consequently, the performance objectives are the main component of an assessment.
A performance objective, as defined in the ATCO Regulation, comprises three elements: a
performance statement (P) (i.e. what the student should do), conditions (C), and standards (S).
A competency, as defined in ICAO Doc 9868 PANS-Training, comprises three elements: a set of
observable behaviours (OB) (i.e. what the student should do), conditions (C) and standards (S), and a
description of the overall competence:
In accordance with ICAO Doc 9868 PANS-Training, the CBTA is defined as training and assessment that
are characterised by a performance orientation, emphasis on standards of performance and their
measurement, and the development of training to the specified performance standards. A CBTA
programme includes knowledge, skills, attitude and tasks. To achieve the minimum required standards
of performance, the candidate must demonstrate a defined set of competencies in a consistent and
integrated manner across a variety of situations and over a period of time.
Contrary to the above, when using a task-based training and assessment programme, the assessment
is primarily focused on successful completion of a list of discrete tasks or observation of skills. These
may be assessed independently or at the same time. Examples of discrete tasks are:
— uses speed control effectively,
— updates flight data processing system,
— uses surveillance data to achieve separations.
Competencies use the same structural components as performance objectives, but instead of single
performance statements, logical performance areas (i.e. competencies), such as situational
awareness, traffic and capacity management, separation and conflict resolution, communication,
coordination, problem-solving and decision-making, teamwork, etc., are identified and a set of
behaviours are ascribed to these competencies. During competency-based assessment to determine
whether an ATCO is able to provide safe and efficient air traffic control, they are required to
demonstrate an integrated and consistent performance of the identified competencies.
As a result of the similar methods of describing performance, the impact of the transition from
assessing using performance objectives to assessing using competencies is minimal.
For an ITO whose courses already have performance objectives that are similar to the proposed
observable behaviours and conditions, the effort for the transition will be limited to alignment of
terminology and assessment processes. For an ITO whose courses have very different performance
objectives and especially conditions that are lower than the standard, effort and resources will be
needed to redesign the practical component of their courses and assessments, to bring the practical
performance to the defined standard. In some instances (if the standard was very low), this may
require an increase in the duration of the course.
Conditions include, for example, the:
— number of aircraft/hour the student must safely manage in similar sectors;
— mix of aircraft and their conflict profiles;
— number and types of conflicts to be resolved simultaneously;
— number of aircraft involved in conflicts;
— type of support (e.g. tools, personnel, etc.).
In 2022 EASA approached several stakeholders asking their feedback based on the CBTA
implementation experience. It total 5 stakeholders known to be advanced in the implementation of
the CBTA (3 EU and 2 non-EU) were contacted. The received feedback indicates that the
implementation of the CBTA is perceived to be a positive change in the training provision. The main
benefits underlined by respondents were:
— Precise description of the competency required to achieve the rating/endorsement, and how it
should be demonstrated;
— Transparency for both students and assessors about the expected performance during both the
training and assessment process.
Along with the positive feedback on the CBTA implementation, several stakeholders underlined the
main challenges and issues to be carefully considered. These are:
— Time and resources needed for the organisational and cultural change associated with the CBTA
implementation. Depending on the size and maturity of the organisation, the adaptation to the
CBTA could take several years;
— The need to make adaptations to working methods and applied solutions supporting the
application of the CBTA; for example, allowing for flexibility in the training system to
accommodate students who reach competency earlier or later than the average student.
Overall, the positive impact of the transition from the current training and assessment system to the
CBTA outweighs the identified drawbacks, especially considering that most European training
organisations already have in place training schemes that contain many elements of the CBTA.
The main benefit is the transition from definition of performance standards by the training
organisations, to a standardised one, which includes harmonising the conditions and standards
which define the performance.
Another advantage of this approach is that it gives predictability to the operational units. Unit training
developers will know the minimum performance level that a student has achieved, irrespectively of
where they did their initial training, and be able to tailor the start of their training to this level.
The standardised performance should be set at an achievable level that enables the management of
‘complex and dense traffic situations’.
In addition, implementing the CBTA:
— ensures harmonised competence assessment and a standardised training output at a
sufficiently high level;
— enables potential sharing of synthetic training device instructors and assessors, thus reducing
bottlenecks in training capacity;
— contributes to instructing excellence and improved pass rates during unit training;
— leads to a potential reduction of unit training duration;
— enables adaptation to future training required by the SESAR deployed solutions (e.g. non-
geographical controller, virtual centres, system-driven working positions which control an
aircraft from point A to B, etc.) by focusing on the core competencies instead of the task being
performed.
In the long term, the implementation of a harmonised European competency standard in initial
training constitutes an evolutionary step towards meeting the training needs of the future European
ATM operation. It could be gradually expanded to achieve a harmonised and centrally managed
training material, and to unit and continuation training when harmonised operational procedures so
require.

The introduction of an adapted competency model using the CBTA concept for instructors and
assessors aims for the same performance standards and as well the introduction of a uniform scale
for the evaluation and assessment of the ATCO progression levels’ within their job. The instructional
and assessment techniques will be levelled across the community to allow the same performance to
be achieved by all ATCOs.
The review of the assessor privileges allowing them to act without the valid STDI and OJTI
endorsement for the purposes of issuing and renewing STDI and OJTI endorsements will ensure a
better planning and availability of resources in both the training and the assessment process.

The main advantage of this new way of delivering training (even remotely) is that it enables continuity
of the planned training in case of peculiar circumstances (e.g. ATCOs unable to attend training on site)
and increases mobility.
An increasing number of European ATCO training providers due to the COVID-19 pandemic were
forced to shift more of their theoretical knowledge instruction footprint to a remote/virtual
environment to enable continuity of the planned training.
Also, during the pandemic crisis one ATCO unit training organisation conducted practical simulator
exercises remotely, however with some inherent limitations (without assessments being conducted).
In the future more training organisations will consider the possibility to conduct practical simulations
together with the associated assessments remotely.
Additional requirements for IT infrastructure addressing personal data protection and security, change
management, continuity, integrity, audits, user authentication privileges, logging of overall integrated
system activity should be considered by ATCO training organisations.
Virtual training may constitute an important enabler to support the maintenance of the ATCO
competences and qualifications.

The adoption of a relevant delegated act will enable NCAs to handle licence conversion requests
submitted from third-country ATCOs in a harmonised and controlled manner, ensuring an equivalent
level of safety to that provided for in the Basic Regulation. This delegated act is also intended to
complete the legal framework foreseen by that Regulation.
Introducing the possibility of crediting third-country ATCO training for the purpose of issuing an EU
student ATCO licence will potentially also increase the availability of ATCOs in the EU ATM system and
thus effectively contribute to addressing the shortage of qualified ATCOs both at Member State and
EU level.
2.7. Stakeholders’ views on unit endorsements for remote aerodrome air traffic services
provision
Stakeholders’ comments received to NPA 2021-08 ‘Enhanced mobility options and streamlined
qualifications for air traffic controllers’, published as a deliverable of RMT.0668 under Subtask 2, asked
for clarifications on the ATCOs’ unit endorsement privileges when providing remote services in
multiple mode of operation.
According to AMC1 ATCO.B.020(a), related to Regulation (EU) 2015/340, each aerodrome for which
aerodrome ATC service is provided from a remote tower centre (RTC) should constitute its own unit
endorsement. Considering the establishment of RTCs and multiple mode of operation, EASA is
interested in the stakeholders’ feedback on the following:
1. Should the remote centre location indicator be used in the unit endorsement?
2. Should the privilege to provide services in multiple mode of operation be indicated by the unit
endorsement?
3. Should the combination of different aerodromes attended simultaneously from one remote
tower module be indicated in the unit endorsement(s)?
4. Should a unit endorsement for the remote service provision in multiple mode of operation for
a group of aerodromes authorise the holder to provide air traffic control services for any
combination of the aerodromes included in that unit endorsement?
5. Should a unit endorsement for the remote service provision in multiple mode of operation for
a group of aerodromes also authorise the holder to provide air traffic control services in single
mode for any of the aerodromes included in that unit endorsement?
Stakeholders are invited to indicate their preferred options, or alternatively, to propose another
suitable and justified solution to the above issues. For any of the proposed solutions, stakeholders are
invited to provide justification elements on the possible safety, social, economic, and other relevant
impact of the option chosen.
EASA considers that this issue affects a wider stakeholder community than that being traditionally
interested in ATCO licensing. These issues and related questions above have therefore also been
submitted for consultation with NPA 2022-02 on remote aerodrome air traffic services.
The feedback received from the public consultation of both NPAs will be assessed, and the related
conclusions will be included in the Opinion resulting from this NPA.
2.8. Monitoring and evaluation

EASA will monitor and evaluate the application of the regulation through its regular standardisation
activities. The decision whether an evaluation will be necessary will be taken based also on the
monitoring results.
3. Proposed amendments and rationale in detail

The text of the amendment is arranged to show deleted, new or amended, and unchanged text as
follows:
— deleted text is struck through;
— new or amended text is highlighted in blue;
— an ellipsis ‘[…]’ indicates that the rest of the text is unchanged.
As appropriate, a rationale for the proposed amendments is provided below after each subject.
Editorial changes, including changes in the numbering and simple self-explanatory clarifications are
not always individually addressed.
GM1 Article 2(2) Compliance with the requirements and procedures
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER TRAINING ORGANISATION CERTIFICATION

For the purpose of ensuring that all organisations referred to in Article 1(2) comply with the technical
requirements and administrative procedures of Article 2(2), air navigation traffic services providers
providing training to air traffic controllers according to Annex I, Part ATCO, Subpart D, are subject to
the requirements applicable to air traffic controller training organisations set out in this Regulation
and are subject to certification in accordance with Regulation (ECEU) No 216/2008 2018/1139 and
Regulation (EU) 2015/340.
Article 4 Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation, the definitions of Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004, the
definitions of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, and the following definitions shall apply:
For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) ‘abnormal situation’ means circumstances, including degraded situations, which are neither
routinely nor commonly experienced and for which an air traffic controller has not developed
automatic skills;
(2) ‘acceptable means of compliance (AMC)’ means non-binding standards adopted by the Agency
to illustrate means by which to establish compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and its
delegated and implementing acts;’
(2a) ‘adapted competency model’ means a group of competencies with their associated description
and performance criteria adapted from an ICAO competency framework that an organisation
uses to develop competency-based training and assessment for a given role;
(3) ‘air traffic control (ATC) service’ means a service provided for the purpose of:
(a) preventing collisions:
— between aircraft, and

— in the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and
(b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic;
(4) ‘air traffic control (ATC) unit’ means a generic term meaning variously, area control centre,
approach control unit or aerodrome control tower;
(5) ‘alternative means of compliance’ means an alternative to an existing AMC or a new means to
establish compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and its delegated and implementing acts
for which no associated AMC have been adopted by the Agency
(6) ‘assessment’ means an evaluation a determination by an assessor as to whether a person meets
a required competency standard of the practical skills under given conditions, by collecting
evidence from observable behaviours. The assessment leadsing to the issue of the licence,
rating and/or endorsement(s) and their revalidation and/or renewal, including behaviour and
the practical application of knowledge and understanding being demonstrated by the person
being assessed.
(7) ‘assessor endorsement’ means the authorisation entered on and forming part of the licence,
indicating the competence of the holder to assess the practical skills of student air traffic
controller and air traffic controller;
(7a) ‘competency’ means a dimension of human performance that is used to reliably predict
successful performance on the job. A competency is manifested and observed through
behaviours that mobilise the relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes to carry out activities or
tasks under specified conditions;
(7b) ‘competency-based training and assessment’ means training and assessment that are
characterised by a performance orientation, emphasis on standards of performance and their
measurement, and the development of training to the specified performance standards.
(7c) ‘competency standard’ means a level of performance that is defined as acceptable when
assessing whether or not competency has been achieved.
(7d) ‘conditions’ means anything that may qualify a specific environment in which performance will
be demonstrated.
(7a) ‘credit’ means the recognition of the training undertaken by an air traffic controller during their
military service for the purpose of applying for a student air traffic controller licence to be issued
in accordance with this Regulation;
(7b) ‘national conversion report’ means a report on the basis of which prior air traffic controller
training may be given credit by the competent authority to which the application for the issue
of a student air traffic controller licence is submitted;
(8) ‘critical incident stress’ means the manifestation of unusual and/or extreme emotional, physical
and/or behavioural reactions in an individual following an unexpected event, an accident, an
incident or serious incident;
(9) ‘emergency situation’ means a serious and dangerous situation requiring immediate actions;
(9a) ‘evaluation’ means a determination by an instructor or assessor as to whether a person meets

a required competency standard under given conditions, by collecting evidence from
observable behaviours, knowledge and understanding. Evaluation can be done in a continuous
manner during training.
(10) ‘examination’ means a formalised test evaluating the person's knowledge and understanding;
(11) ‘guidance material (GM)’ means a non-binding material issued by the Agency, which helps to
illustrate the meaning of delegated or implementing acts and which is used to support the
application of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and its delegated and implementing acts;
(12) ‘ICAO location indicator’ means the four-letter code group formulated in accordance with the
rules prescribed by ICAO in its manual 'DOC 7910' in its latest updated version and assigned to
the location of an aeronautical fixed station;
(13) ‘language proficiency endorsement’ means the statement entered on and forming part of a
licence, indicating the language proficiency of the holder;
(14) ‘licence’ means a document issued and endorsed in accordance with this Regulation and
entitling its lawful holder to exercise the privileges of the ratings and endorsements contained
therein;
(14a) ‘licence endorsement’ means the authorisation entered on and forming part of the licence,
indicating a specific qualification of the licence holder. It is a generic term used to describe the
inclusion of on-the-job training instructor, synthetic training device instructor, assessor and
language proficiency endorsements;
(14b) ‘observable behaviour (OB)’ means a single role-related behaviour that can be observed and
may or may not be measurable.
(15) ‘on-the-job training instruction’ means the phase of unit training during which previously
acquired job-related routines and skills are integrated in practice under the supervision of a
qualified on-the-job training instructor in a live traffic situation;
(16) ‘on-the-job training instructor (OJTI) endorsement’ means the authorisation entered on and
forming part of a licence, indicating the competence of the holder to give on-the-job training
instruction and instruction on synthetic training devices;
(17) ‘part-task trainer (PTT)’ means a synthetic training device to provide training for specific and
selected operational tasks without requiring the learner to practise all of the tasks which are
normally associated with a fully operational environment;
(18) ‘performance criteria’ means statements used to assess whether the required levels of
performance have been achieved for a competency. A performance criterion consists of an
observable behaviour, condition(s) and a competency standard.
(18) ‘performance objective’ means a clear and unambiguous statement of the performance
expected of the person undertaking the training, the conditions under which the performance
takes place and the standards that the person undertaking training should meet;
(19) ‘provisional inability’ means a temporary state in which the licence holder is prevented from
exercising the privileges of the licence when ratings, endorsements and his or her medical
certificate are valid;
(20) ‘psychoactive substance’ means alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics,
cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas caffeine and
tobacco are excluded;
(20a) ‘rating’ means the authorisation entered on or associated with a licence and forming part
thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence;
(21) ‘rating endorsement’ means the authorisation entered on and forming part of a licence,
indicating the specific conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to the relevant rating;
(21a) ‘remote learning’ means a reflection of the training situations in which instructors and students
are physically separated and interact synchronously or asynchronously. Information is typically
transmitted via technology means, such us as discussion boards, video conference, audio bridge
or data carrier, and other similar means;
(22) ‘renewal’ means the administrative act taken after an rating, endorsement or certificate has
expired that renew the privileges of the rating, endorsement or certificate for a further specified
period subject to the fulfilment of specified requirements;
(23) ‘revalidation’ means the administrative act taken within the period of validity of an rating,
endorsement or certificate that allows the holder to continue to exercise the privileges of an
rating, endorsement or certificate for a further specified period subject to the fulfilment of
specified requirements;
(24) ‘sector’ means a part of a control area and/or part of a flight information region or upper region;
(25) ‘simulator’ means a synthetic training device that presents the important features of the real
operational environment and reproduces the operational conditions under which the person
undertaking training can practice real-time tasks directly;
(26) ‘synthetic training device’ means any type of device by which operational conditions are
simulated, including simulators and part-task trainers;
(27) ‘synthetic training device instructor (STDI) endorsement’ means the authorisation entered on
and forming part of a licence, indicating the competence of the holder to give instruction on
synthetic training devices;
(28) ‘training course’ means theoretical and/or practical instruction developed within a structured
framework and delivered within a defined duration;
(29) ‘training organisation’ means an organisation which has been certified by the competent
authority to provide one or more types of training;
(30) ‘unit endorsement’ means the authorisation entered on and forming part of a licence, indicating
the ICAO location indicator and the sector, group of sectors or working positions where the
licence holder is competent to work;
(31) ‘validation’ means a process by which, through the successful completion of a unit endorsement
course associated with a rating or a rating endorsement, the holder may start exercising the
privileges of that rating or rating endorsement.
(32) ‘virtual classroom’ means a virtual environment adapted for the learning process, not requiring
a physical location where synchronous learning takes place.
GM1 Article 4(6) Definitions

ASSESSMENT
The formative evaluation of practical skills during training should not be considered as an assessment.
Rationale — Article 4 and GM1 Article 4(6)
New definitions have been introduced:
— ‘remote learning’ and ‘virtual classroom’, to introduce changes related to the remote learning
originating from the specific circumstances of the pandemic and to provide more flexibility in the
use of training methods;
— ‘competency’, ‘competency-based training and assessment’, ‘competency standard’, ‘observable
behaviour’ and ‘performance criteria’, to support the introduction of the competency-based
training and assessment of ICAO Doc 9868 and 10056;
— ‘assessment’ and ‘evaluation’ have been aligned with the terminology used for the assessment
definition in ICAO Doc 9868. In addition, distinction between assessment and evaluation is done via
the clarification that assessment is linked to issue, revalidation and renewal of entries in the licence,
while evaluation does not affect entries in the licence.
‘Revalidation’ and ‘renewal’ have been updated to reflect that only endorsements are affected by
these processes.
GM1 Article 4(6) has been deleted because formative and summative evaluations appear only in
this GM and nowhere else in the Regulation. It creates confusion as to which type of
evaluations/assessments is to be used.
Article 6 - Competent authority for the purposes

of Annexes I, III and IV
[…]
2. For the purpose of Annex III and for the oversight of the requirements of Annex I regarding air
navigation traffic services providers, the competent authority shall be:
[…]
SUBPART A – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
ATCO.A.015 Exercise of the privileges of licences and provisional

inability
[…]
(c) Licence holders shall not exercise the privileges of their licence when having doubts about being
able to safely exercise the privileges of the licence and shall in such cases immediately notify
the relevant air navigation traffic services provider of the provisional inability to exercise the
privileges of their licence.
(d) Air navigation traffic services providers may declare the provisional inability of the licence
holder if they become aware of any doubt concerning the ability of the licence holder to safely
exercise the privileges of the licence.
(e) Air navigation traffic services providers shall develop and implement objective, transparent and
non-discriminatory procedures to enable licence holders declaring provisional inability to
exercise the privileges of their licence in accordance with point (c), to declare the provisional
inability of the licence holder in accordance with point (d), and to inform the competent
authority as defined in that procedure.
(f) The procedures referred to in point (e) shall be included in the unit competence scheme
according to point ATCO.B.025(a)(1314).
SUBPART B – LICENCES, RATINGS AND ENDORSEMENTS
ATCO.B.001 Student air traffic controller licence

[…]
(b) Applicants for the issue of a student air traffic controller licence shall:
(1) be at least 18 years old;
(2) within the 12 months preceding the application, have successfully completed initial
training at a training organisation satisfying the requirements laid down in Annex III
(Part ATCO.OR) relevant to the rating, and if applicable, to the rating endorsement, as set
out in Part ATCO, Subpart D, Section 2 and demonstrated the required competence, as
set out in ATCO.D.035;
(3) hold a valid medical certificate;
(4) have demonstrated an adequate level of language proficiency in accordance with the
requirements set out in ATCO.B.030.
[…]
ATCO.B.005 Air traffic controller licence

[…]
(c) Applicants for the first issue of an air traffic controller licence shall:
(1) hold a student air traffic controller licence;
(2) have completed a unit endorsement course, and successfully passed the appropriate
examinations and assessments in accordance with the requirements set out in Part ATCO,
Subpart D, Section 3 and demonstrated the required competence, as set out in
ATCO.D.060;
(3) hold a valid medical certificate;
(4) have demonstrated an adequate level of language proficiency in accordance with the
requirements set out in ATCO.B.030
[…]
ATCO.B.010 Air traffic controller ratings

[…]
(b) The holder of a rating who has interrupted exercising the privileges associated with that rating
for a period of 4 or more immediately preceding consecutive years may only start on-the-job
training in that rating:
[…]
ATCO.B.020 Unit endorsements

[…]
(b) Applicants for a unit endorsement shall have successfully completed a unit endorsement course
in accordance with the requirements set out in Part ATCO, Subpart D, Section 3 and
demonstrated the required competence, as set out in ATCO.D.060.
(c) As an exception to point (b), the on-the-job training phase in Part ATCO, Subpart D, Section 3
may not be required when the unit endorsement is issued in connection with the issue of a
temporary OJTI or temporary assessor authorisation for the same unit.
(i) Unit endorsements shall be revalidated if:
(1) the applicant has been exercising the privileges of the licence for a minimum number of
hours as defined in the unit competence scheme;
(2) the applicant has undertaken refresher training within the validity period of the unit
endorsement according to the unit competence scheme; and
(3) the applicant’s competence has been assessed in accordance with the unit competence
scheme not earlier than 3 months prior to the expiry date of the unit endorsement.
(j) Unit endorsements shall be are revalidated in accordance with requirements provided that the
requirements set out in point (i), are met within the 3-month period immediately preceding
their expiry date. In such cases, the new validity period shall be counted from the that expiry
date of the unit endorsement.
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.B.020(i)(3) Unit endorsements
PRACTICAL SKILLS ASSESSMENT FOR REVALIDATION OF EACH UNIT ENDORSEMENT

(a) If the assessment of practical skills is taking the form of a dedicated assessment consisting of a
single assessment or a series of assessments, the last assessment declaring the licence holder
competent should take place within the 3 months period immediately preceding the unit
endorsement expiry date.
(b) If the assessment of practical skills is taking the form of a continuous assessment by which the
air traffic controller’s competence is assessed along a defined period, the end of that defined
period and the formal conclusion on declaring the licence holder competent should take place
within the 3-month period immediately preceding the unit endorsement expiry date.
GM1 ATCO.B.020(k) Unit endorsements

[…]
(b) formal conclusion of declaring the licence holder competent in case of continuous assessment,
provided that the formal conclusion takes place immediately after the period during which the
air traffic controller’s competence has been assessed.
Rationale — ATCO.B.001, ATCO.B005, ATCO.B.020

New text has been added is to include the explicit requirement to demonstrate competence in line
with the CBTA principles.
ATCO.B.025 Unit competence scheme
(a) Unit competence scheme(s) shall be established by the air navigation traffic services provider
and approved by the competent authority. A unit competence scheme shall include at least the
following elements:
(1) a list of the validity of the unit endorsement(s) and their validity in accordance with
ATCO.B.020(g);
(2) the maximum continuous period when the privileges of a unit endorsement are not
exercised during its validity. This period shall not exceed 90 calendar days;
(3) the minimum number of hours or, in the case of SRA and PAR, the minimum number of
approaches, for exercising the privileges of the unit endorsement, for the purpose of
ATCO.B.020(i)(1), shall be established for an immediately preceding period of time which
shall not exceed 6 months. within a defined period of time, which shall not exceed 12
months, for the purpose of ATCO.B.020(i)(1). For on-the-job training instructors
exercising the privileges of the OJTI endorsement, the time spent instructing shall be
counted for the maximum of 50 % of the hours required for revalidation of the unit
endorsement;
(4) procedures for the cases where the licence holder does not meet the requirements set
out in points (a)(2) and (3);
(5) processes for assessing competence, including the defined performance criteria,
including assessment of the refresher training subjects according to ATCO.D.080(b);
(6) processes for the examination of theoretical knowledge and understanding necessary to
exercise the privileges of the ratings and endorsements;
(7) processes to identify the training content topics and subtopics, objectives and training
methods for continuation training;
(8) the minimum duration and frequency of the refresher training;
(9) processes for the evaluation of successful completion of the refresher training according
to ATCO.D.080(b);
(910) processes for the examination of theoretical knowledge, evaluation and/or the
assessment of practical skills acquired of the successful completion during of conversion
training according to ATCO.D.085, including pass marks for examinations;
(1011) processes in case of failure of an evaluation, examination or assessment, including the
appeal processes;
(1112) training personnel qualifications, roles and responsibilities;
(1213) a procedure to ensure that practical instructors have practised instructional

techniques in the procedures in which instruction is provided in accordance with
ATCO.C.010(b)(3) and ATCO.C.030(b)(3);
(1314) procedures for the declaration and the management of cases of provisional inability
to exercise the privileges of a licence, as well as for informing the competent authority in
accordance with ATCO.A.015(de);
(1415) identification of records to be kept specific to continuation training , evaluations and
assessments and any other records pertinent to the above processes; and assessments,
in accordance with ATCO.OR.C.020;
(1516) a process and reasons for reviewing and amending the unit competence scheme and its
submission to the competent authority. The review of the unit competence scheme shall
take place at least once every 3 years.
(b) In order to comply with the requirement set out in point (a)(3), air navigation traffic services
providers shall keep records of the hours during which each licence holder exercises the
privileges of his or her unit endorsement working in sectors, group of sectors and/or working
positions in the ATC unit and shall provide that data to the competent authorities and to the
licence holder upon request.
(c) When establishing the procedures referred to in points (a)(4) and (1314), air navigation traffic
services providers shall ensure that mechanisms are applied to guarantee fair treatment of
licence holders where the validity of their endorsements cannot be extended.
AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(3) Unit competence scheme

MINIMUM NUMBER OF HOURS
The minimum number of hours should be defined for each unit endorsement associated with a rating
and it should be identical for each unit endorsement holder within the same unit.
For licence holders holding more than one unit endorsement in the same ATC unit, the minimum
number of hours may be defined as a combined value based on the assessment provided by the air
navigation traffic services provider.
Nevertheless, maintaining competence should be appropriately ensured for all valid unit
endorsements, as well as for all sectors and/or working positions covered by a unit endorsement.
AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5);(6);(9) Unit competence scheme
PROCESSES FOR ASSESSING COMPETENCE AND EXAMINING THEORETICAL KNOWLEGDE AND

UNDERSTANDING
(a) The practical performance and skills should be assessed in live traffic situations against
performance criteria defined and updated by the air navigation traffic services provider
according to the requirement set out in ATCO.B.025(a)(16).
(b) For those situations where an applicant’s performance cannot be observed at the time of the
assessment (e.g., low-visibility operations, snow clearing, military activity, etc.), the assessment
may be supplemented by synthetic training device sessions and/or an oral examination.
(bc) Theoretical knowledge and understanding competence should be examined to ascertain the
knowledge and understanding of air traffic controllers.
(cd) Subjects taught during refresher training such as standard practices and procedures, abnormal
and emergency situations and human factors should be assessed evaluated on STD or in other
simulated environments and/or examined.
(e) Assessments should be adapted to the validity time of the unit endorsement.
(f) The assessment of air traffic controllers at ATC units with seasonal variations should reflect the
higher volume and complexity situations.
GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) Unit competence scheme

ASSESSMENTS
(a) Assessments may have one or more components. A documented process should be used to
ensure a fair and objective assessment of interim and final competency (i.e. evidence guides,
competency checklists and competency assessment forms).
(b) One component should be the assessment of practical performance skills; other components
may be oral and/or written examinations.
(c) Assessment of the required competencies Practical skills assessments should be conducted as
continuous assessment or dedicated practical assessment(s).
(d) Continuous assessment
Continuous assessment should be achieved by the assessor assessing, during normal
operational duties, the operational performance compared to the standard performance
criteria of the air traffic control service expected.
Continuous assessment should be the preferred way for revalidation of a unit endorsement.
Where the assessor has not been able to adequately assess the air traffic controller by
continuous assessment, he or /she should not certify the air traffic controller’s competence
until a dedicated practical assessment has been conducted.
(e) Dedicated practical assessment
A dedicated practical assessment may consists of a single assessment or a series of assessments.
To conduct a dedicated practical assessment, the assessor(s) should sit with the air traffic
controller with the purpose of assessing, under normal operational conditions, the operational
performance compared to the standard performance criteria of the air traffic control service
expected.
The air traffic controller concerned should be advised that a dedicated practical assessment is
to be conducted and be briefed on the conduct of the assessment.
For those situations where an applicant’s performance cannot be observed at the time of the
assessment (e.g. low visibility operations, snow clearing, military activity, etc.), the assessment
may be supplemented by synthetic training device sessions and/or an oral examination.
(f) The performance criteria objectives’ topics to be assessed should be determined in detail and
assessed by the air navigation traffic services provider. Examples of performance objectives’
topics are as follows:
application of unit regulations and procedures (e.g. minimum separation standards, letters of
agreement, Aeronautical Information Publications);
traffic analysis and planning;
task priority setting;
communication, including phraseology;
capacity and expedition;
accuracy;
initiative, adaptability and decision-making;
air traffic control techniques;
teamwork and other human factors skills;
the level of risk associated with the tasks performed (e.g. attitudes to risk).
(g) Procedures when failing
Notwithstanding ATCO.B.025(a)(1011), when an air traffic controller fails in one or more of the
components of the assessment, he or /she should not be allowed to exercise the privilege of
this unit endorsement, and provisional inability in accordance with ATCO.A.015(b) may be
declared until such time when a successful competence assessment has been performed. Re-
sitting the full competence assessment or the failed part only may be required.
(h) Record-keeping
The results of all assessments, including those of the continuous assessment, and examinations
should be documented and stored confidentially, accessible to the assessor and the person
being assessed.

ASSESSMENTS
Assessments should be adapted to the validity time of the unit endorsement of the ATC unit.
The assessment of air traffic controllers at ATC units with seasonal variations should reflect the higher
volume and complexity situations.
ASSESSMENTS EVALUATION OF SUCCESFUL COMPLETION OF REFRESHER TRAINING SUBJECTS
(a) Assessments Evaluation of practical performance should be conducted primarily on a synthetic

training device or offline environments.
(b) Assessments Evaluation should be conducted by appropriately qualified personnel having
detailed knowledge of:
(1) the training objectives; and
(2) the subjects, topics and subtopics being examined or evaluated assessed.
GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(6);(10) Unit competence scheme

ORAL EXAMINATIONS
Oral examinations should be used to test understanding of applicable techniques and the rules
governing them, particularly of unit and national air traffic control procedures. Scenario-type
questioning allows the assessor and/or the instructor to gather additional evidence of how an air
traffic controller would react in circumstances that are not observable but are nevertheless considered
important to the overall operation at that ATC unit.
The oral examination should give a clear indication that the air traffic controller knows not only what
he or /she should be doing, but why he or /she should be doing it. The oral examination requires
considerable skills and it should be undertaken in a way to ensure consistency among individual
assessors and/or instructors.

DURATION AND FREQUENCY OF REFRESHER TRAINING
As refresher training contains standard practices and procedures, abnormal and emergency situations
and human factors, these could be split into separate modules during the period of validity of the unit
endorsement. When an ATCO holds multiple unit endorsements, the refresher training should take
into consideration that for similar subjects taught for one unit endorsement, it may need to be
complemented with the specific parts for the other unit endorsement.
The way it is organised is left to the ANSP and/or training organisation to allow to cover the subjects
planned. As such, the duration may vary according to the items under training at one point in time.
The phasing of such training is left to the ANSP and/or training organisation, hence the frequency of
it may differ from one ANSP to another.
All such details should be included in the description of the refresher training and provided for
approval to the competent authority.

CONVERSION TRAINING
For situations where conversion training leads to the introduction of a new unit endorsement, an
assessment should be carried out by a qualified assessor.

EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENTS EVALUATIONS DURING CONVERSION TRAINING
(a) Assessments Evaluations should be conducted primarily on a synthetic training device or offline
environments.
(b) Examinations and evaluations assessments should be conducted by appropriately qualified
personnel having detailed knowledge of:
(1) the training objectives; and
(2) the subjects, topics and subtopics being examined or assessed evaluated.
AMC1 ATCO.B.025(b) Unit competence scheme
Air traffic services providers should apply a process by which the hours worked by each licence holder
exercising the privileges of his or her unit endorsement working in sectors, group of sectors and/or
working positions in the ATC unit are properly recorded. Such a process could have an automatic or a
manual recording system. In the case of a manual recording system, the air traffic services provider
should verify that the entries in the roster and the number of hours provided to the competent
authority are the same.
ATCO.B.030 Language proficiency endorsement

[…]
(d) Notwithstanding point (c), extended level (level five) of the language proficiency rating scale set
out in Appendix 1 of Annex I may be required by the air navigation traffic services provider,
where the operational circumstances of the particular rating or endorsement warrant a higher
level of language proficiency for imperative reasons of safety. Such a requirement shall be non-
discriminatory, proportionate, transparent, and objectively justified by the air navigation traffic
services provider wishing to apply the higher level of proficiency and shall be approved by the
competent authority.
[…]
ATCO.B.035 Validity of language proficiency endorsement

[…]
(c) Language proficiency endorsements shall be revalidated following successful completion of the
language proficiency assessment taking place within three months immediately preceding their
expiry date. In such cases the new validity period shall be counted from that expiry date.
[…]
ATCO.B.040 Assessment of language proficiency

[…]
(b) Language testing organisations assessment bodies shall comply with the requirements
established by the competent authorities according to ATCO.AR.A.010.
[…]
AMC4 ATCO.B.040 Assessment of language proficiency

CRITERIA FOR THE ACCEPTABILITY OF LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT BODIES
(a) A language assessment body should provide clear information about its organisation and its
relationships with other organisations.
(b) If a language assessment body is also an air traffic controller training organisation, there should
be a clear and documented separation between the two activities.
(c) The language assessment body should employ a sufficient number of qualified interlocutors and
language proficiency assessors to administer the required tests.
(d) The assessment documentation should include at least the following:
(1) assessment objectives;
(2) assessment layout, timescale, technologies used, assessment samples, voice samples;
(3) assessment criteria and standards (at least for the operational, extended and expert
levels of the rating scale in Appendix 1 to Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2015/340);
(4) documentation demonstrating the assessment validity, relevance and reliability for the
operational, and extended and expert levels;
(5) documentation demonstrating the assessment validity, relevance and reliability for the
expert level;
(65) procedures to ensure that language assessments are standardised within the language
assessment body and in the ATC community;
(76) assessment procedures and responsibilities, such as:
— preparation of individual assessment;
— administration: location(s), identity check and invigilation, assessment discipline,
confidentiality/security;
— reporting and documentation provided to the competent authority and/or to the
applicant, including sample certificate; and
— retention of documents and records.
(87) The assessment documentation and records should be kept for a period of time
determined by the competent authority and made available to the competent authority
upon request.
ATCO.B.045 Language training

(a) Air navigation traffic services providers shall make available language training to maintain the
required level of language proficiency of air traffic controllers to:
[…]
Rationale — ATCO.B.025 and AMC and GM to ATCO.B.025

The changes to ATCO.B.025 and the associated AMC and GM have been done as follows:
— Number of hours: Shortening to 6 months instead of 1 year is for a better distribution of the
hours during a period of time without big gaps in the middle of the counting period.
— Clarification regarding the evaluations to be applied for the refresher and conversion training.
— Alignment with the terminology used for the CBTA principles; for example, in GM1
ATCO.B.025(a)(5) the terminology has been changed, talking about performance instead of
skills, and performance criteria instead of performance objectives’ topics. Examples of former
performance objectives’ topics have been deleted as these are covered by the adapted
competency model.
— Introduction of the evaluation in the case of refresher and conversion training as well the
possibility that either instructors or assessors would be able to carry out evaluations.
— Input received from the standardisation visits regarding the way hours on operational
position are recorded triggered the changes to the ATCO.B.025(b).
— Addressing the record-keeping process required by the unit competence scheme to include
evaluations and any other records pertinent to the processes from the scheme.
— Transformation of GM1 ATCO.B.025 (a)(3) in AMC to better clarify how the hours shall be
counted per unit endorsement and associated rating. As well, for a unit endorsement that
includes sectors or working positions, the number of hours should be distributed to cover
those in a fair manner.
— In GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) the continuous assessment is recommended as it allows for better
evaluation of the competencies required for the validation of the unit endorsement.
SUBPART C – REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUCTORS AND

ASSESSORS
SECTION 1 – INSTRUCTORS
ATCO.C.001 Theoretical instructors
(a) Theoretical training shall only be carried out by appropriately qualified instructors.
(b) A theoretical instructor is appropriately qualified if he/she he or she:
(1) holds an air traffic controller licence and/or holds a professional qualification appropriate
to the subject being taught and/or has demonstrated adequate knowledge and
experience to the training organisation;
(2) has demonstrated instructional skills to the training organisation.
AMC1 ATCO.C.001(b)(2) Theoretical instructors
INSTRUCTIONAL SKILLS FOR THEORETICAL INSTRUCTORS

A satisfactory demonstration of instructional skills for theoretical instructors should establish
competence at least in the following areas:
(a) lesson objectives are defined and communicated;
(b) subject questions are fully answered;
(c) visual teaching aids and, where applicable, management of technical platforms for remote
learning (hardware, software) are used appropriately;
(d) participants are engaged in the learning process and facilitating skills are used appropriately
when using a technical platform (e.g. continuous audio and visual contact, etc.);
(d)(e) language is unambiguous;
(e) (f) the lesson is correctly summarised; and
(f) (g) lesson objectives are fulfilled.
Rationale — ATCO.C.001 and AMC ATCO.C.001

Issue encountered with the translation. In some languages ‘and/or’ translates to only ‘or’. Proposal
to delete to ensure more clarity.
Holding an ATCO licence does not automatically imply an appropriate knowledge with the taught
subjects. Proposal to delete.
The proposed changes are linked to the introduction of the virtual training methods. Deleting the
notion visual is to enlarge the scope of teaching methods that could be used.
ATCO.C.010 On-the-job training instructor (OJTI) privileges

[…]
(b) Holders of an OJTI endorsement shall only exercise the privileges of the endorsement if they
have:
(1) exercised for at least two years the privilege of the rating they will instruct in;
(2) exercised for an immediately preceding period of at least six months the privilege of the
valid unit endorsement, in which instruction will be given;
(3) practised instructional skills in those procedures in which it is intended to provide
instruction.
[…]
GM1 ATCO.C.010(b)(2) On-the-job training instructor (OJTI)

privileges
The 6-month period for exercising the privileges of the valid unit endorsement could include any
holiday or days off the ATCO is entitled to, but should exclude situations included in ATCO.A.015 and
ATCO.B.025(a) (2), (3) and (14).
ATCO.C.015 Application for on-the-job training instructor

endorsement
Applicants for the issue of an OJTI endorsement shall:

(a) hold an air traffic controller licence with a valid unit endorsement;
(b) have exercised the privileges of an air traffic controller licence for a period of at least 2 years
immediately preceding the application. This period can be shortened to not less than 1 year by
the competent authority when requested by the training organisation; and
(c) within the 12 months preceding the application, have successfully completed a practical
instructional techniques course during which the required knowledge and pedagogical skills are
taught and have been appropriately assessed on the required competence, as set out in
ATCO.D.090.
ATCO.C.020 Validity of on-the-job training instructor endorsement
(a) The OJTI endorsement shall be valid for a period of 3 years.

(b) The OJTI endorsement may be revalidated by successfully completing refresher training on
practical instructional techniques skills during its validity, provided that the requirement of
ATCO.C.015(a) is met.
(c) If the OJTI endorsement has expired, provided that the requirement of ATCO.C.015(a) is met, it
may be renewed if, within the 12 months preceding the application for renewal, the OJTI
endorsement holder has:
(1) received refresher training on practical instructional techniques skills; and
(2) successfully passing a practical instructor competence assessment.
(d) In the case of first issue and renewal, the period of validity of the OJTI endorsement shall start
not later than 30 days from the date on which the assessment has been successfully completed.
(e) If the requirement of ATCO.C.015(a) is not met, the OJTI endorsement may be exchanged for
an STDI endorsement, provided that compliance with the requirements of ATCO.C.040(b) and
(c) is ensured.
AMC1 ATCO.C.020(b) Validity of the on-the-job training instructor

endorsement
The period between two succeeding refresher courses on practical instructional techniques should
not exceed 3 years. For the first revalidation, the refresher training should be undertaken during the
last 2 years of the validity of the endorsement.
GM1 ATCO.C.020(b) Validity of on-the-job training instructor

endorsement
REVALIDATION
(a) Successful completion of the refresher training in practical instructional skills techniques is
concluded with an evaluation of the competence against established performance criteria. may
be verified by several means, for example by:
(1) dedicated or continuous assessment;
(2) peer assessment; or
(3) demonstration of the practical instructional skills.
(b) The verification should be undertaken following the completion of the refresher training.
ATCO.C.025 Temporary OJTI authorisation
(a) When compliance with the requirements provided for in ATCO.C.010(b)(2) is not possible, the
competent authority may grant temporary OJTI authorisation based on a safety analysis
presented by the air navigation traffic services provider.
[…]
GM1 ATCO.C.025(a) Temporary OJTI authorisation

EXCEPTIONAL SITUATIONS
Exceptional situations for which it may be considered not to be possible to comply with
ATCO.C.010(b)(2) for the purpose of the valid unit endorsement experience, and, therefore, a
temporary OJTI authorisation may be granted, are the following:
(a) establishment of a new ATC unit or new sector for the air navigation traffic services provider;
(b) the continuity of the existing service is endangered due to the non-availability of personnel as
a consequence of a change in the air navigation traffic services provider at the ATC unit;
(c) new rating or rating endorsement put into operation at an ATC unit;
(d) re-opening of a temporary ATC unit.
Rationale — GM1 ATCO.C.010(b)(2), ATCO.C.015, ATCO.C.020, AMC and GM to ATCO.C.020 and

GM1 ATCO.C.025(a)
The changes proposed in this section address the following:
— Alignment of the terminology used for the CBTA concept;
— Clarification on the duration between two OJTI refresher courses, including the distribution
of the refresher training for the purpose of the first revalidation;
— The privileges to provide OJTI are linked with the exercise of 6 months of the valid unit
endorsement. The possibility to exercise the valid unit endorsement should exclude the
situations when provisional inability or longer periods of time of off-duty could appear, while
planned days off and holidays should not be taken into account for fulfilling the unit
competence scheme requirements.
AMC1 ATCO.C.030(b)(2) Synthetic training device instructor (STDI)

privileges
DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT OPERATIONAL PRACTICES
For STDIs holding an ATCO licence with a valid unit endorsement, the demonstration of knowledge of
current operational practices should be achieved during the refresher training in accordance with the
unit competence scheme. For STDIs not holding a valid unit endorsement, the demonstration of
knowledge of current operational practices should be achieved by other means.
ATCO.C.035 Application for synthetic training device instructor

endorsement
Applicants for the issue of an STDI endorsement shall:

(a) have exercised the privileges of an air traffic controller licence in any rating for at least 2 years.
This period can be shortened to not less than 1 year by the competent authority when
requested by the training organisation; and
(b) within the 12 months preceding the application, have successfully completed a practical
instructional techniques course during which the required knowledge and pedagogical skills are
taught using theoretical and practical methods and have been appropriately assessed on the
required competence, as set out in ATCO.D.090.
ATCO.C.040 Validity of synthetic training device instructor

endorsement
(a) The STDI endorsement shall be valid for a period of 3 years.

(b) The STDI endorsement may be revalidated by successfully completing refresher training on
practical instructional techniques skills and on current operational practices during its validity
period. In addition, for STDIs not holding a valid unit endorsement, knowledge on the current
operational practices shall be ensured.
(c) If the STDI endorsement has expired, it may be renewed by if, within the 12 months preceding
the application for renewal, the STDI endorsement holder has:
(1) received refresher training on practical instructional techniques. In addition, for STDIs not
holding a valid unit endorsement, knowledge on the current operational practices shall
be ensured skills and on current operational practices; and
(2) successfully passed a practical instructor competence assessment.
within the 12 months preceding the application for renewal.
(d) In the case of first issue and renewal, the period of validity of the STDI endorsement shall start
not later than 30 days from the date on which the assessment has been successfully completed.
AMC1 ATCO.C.040(b) Validity of the synthetic training device

instructor endorsement
The period between two succeeding refresher courses on practical instructional techniques should
not exceed 3 years. For the first revalidation, the refresher training should be undertaken during the
last 2 years of the validity of the endorsement.
GM1 ATCO.C.040(b);(c) Validity of synthetic training device

instructor endorsement
REVALIDATION AND RENEWAL

(a) Successful completion of the refresher training in practical instructional techniques skills and
current operational practices is concluded with an evaluation of the competence against
established performance criteria. The evaluation can include: may be verified by several means,
for example by:
(1) dedicated or continuous assessment; or
(3) demonstration of practical instructional skills.
(b) Current operational practices may be refreshed by transitional and pre-on-the-job training.
(c) The verification should be undertaken following the completion of the refresher training.
GM1 ATCO.C.040(d) Validity of synthetic training device instructor

endorsement
For STDIs not holding a valid unit endorsement, knowledge on current operational practices may be
achieved by various activities agreed between the training organisation and the competent authority,
such as:
(a) practice of ATCO skills on synthetic training devices; or
(b) real-time validation (as ATCO) of synthetic training device exercises; or
(c) familiarisation visits to operational units; or
(d) attending professional conferences; or
(e) attending presentations on new operational techniques, controller tools and airspace
modernisations organised by operational units.
Rationale — AMC1 ATCO.C.030(b)(2), ATCO.C.035, ATCO.C.040, AMC1 ATCO.C.040(b), GM1
ATCO.C.040(b);(c) and GM1 ATCO.C.040(d)
— Alignment with the terminology used for the CBTA concept;
— Clarification on the duration between two STDI refresher courses, including the distribution
of the refresher training for the purpose of the first revalidation;
— Better explanations for the STDI with no valid unit endorsement on how to manage
demonstration of current operational practices.
ATCO.C.045 Assessor privileges
(a) A person shall only carry out assessments when he or she holds an assessor endorsement.
(b) Holders of an assessor endorsement are authorised to carry out assessments:
(1) during initial training for the issue of a student air traffic controller licence or for the issue
of a new rating and/or rating endorsement, if applicable;
(2) of previous competence for the purpose of ATCO.B.001(d), ATCO.B.005(e) and
ATCO.B.010(b);
(3) of student air traffic controllers for the issue of a unit endorsement and rating
endorsement(s), if applicable;
(4) of air traffic controllers for the issue of a unit endorsement and rating endorsement(s), if
applicable, as well as for revalidation and renewal of a unit endorsement;
(5) of applicant practical instructors or applicant assessors when compliance with the
requirements of points (d)(2) to (4) is ensured.
(c) Holders of an assessor endorsement shall only exercise the privileges of the endorsement if
they have:
(1) at least 2 years’ experience in the rating and rating endorsement(s) they will assess; and
(2) demonstrated knowledge of current operational practices.
(d) In addition to the requirements set out in point (c), holders of an assessor endorsement shall
only exercise the privileges of the endorsement:
(1) for assessments leading to the issue, revalidation and renewal of a unit endorsement, if
they also hold the unit endorsement associated with the assessment and have exercised
the privileges of that endorsement for an immediately preceding period of at least 1 year;
(2) for assessing the competence of an applicant for the issue or renewal of an STDI
endorsement, if they hold an STDI or OJTI endorsement and have exercised the privileges
of an STDI or OJTI endorsement for at least 3 years;
(3) for assessing the competence of an applicant for the issue or renewal of an OJTI
endorsement, if they hold an OJTI endorsement and have exercised the privileges of that
an OJTI endorsement for at least 3 years;
(4) for assessing the competence of an applicant for the issue or renewal of an assessor
endorsement, if they have exercised the privileges of the assessor endorsement for at
least 3 years.
(e) When assessing for the purpose of issue and renewal of a unit endorsement, and for ensuring
supervision on the operational working position, the assessor shall also hold an OJTI
endorsement, or an OJTI holding the valid unit endorsement associated with the assessment
shall be present.
AMC1 ATCO.C.045(c)(2) Assessor privileges
DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT OPERATIONAL PRACTICES

For assessors holding an ATCO licence with a valid unit endorsement, The the demonstration of
knowledge of current operational practices may be achieved during the refresher training in
accordance with the unit competence scheme. For assessors not holding a valid unit endorsement,
the demonstration of knowledge of current operational practices may be achieved by other means.
by establishing familiarity with current environment and operational procedures.
ATCO.C.055 Application for assessor endorsement
Applicants for the issue of an assessor endorsement shall:

(a) have exercised the privileges of an air traffic controller licence for at least 2 years; and
(b) within the 12 months preceding the application have successfully completed an assessor course
during which the required knowledge and skills are taught using theoretical and practical
methods, and have been appropriately assessed on the required competence, as set out in
ATCO.D.095.
ATCO.C.060 Validity of assessor endorsement
(a) The assessor endorsement shall be valid for a period of 3 years.

(b) The assessor endorsement may be revalidated by successfully completing a refresher training
on assessment skills techniques and on current operational practices during its validity period.
In addition, for assessors not holding a valid unit endorsement, knowledge on the current
operational practices shall be ensured.
(c) If the assessor endorsement has expired, it may be renewed if, within the 12 months preceding
the application for renewal, the assessor endorsement holder has:
(1) received refresher training on assessment skills techniques. In addition, for assessors not
holding a valid unit endorsement, knowledge on the current operational practices shall
be ensured and on current operational practices; and
(2) successfully passed an assessor competence assessment.
(d) In the case of first issue and renewal, the period of validity of the assessor endorsement shall
start not later than 30 days from the date on which the assessment has been successfully
completed.
AMC1 ATCO.C.060(b) Validity of the assessor endorsement
The period between two succeeding refresher courses on assessment techniques should not exceed
3 years. For the first revalidation, the refresher training should be undertaken during the last 2 years
of the validity of the endorsement.
GM1 ATCO.C.060(b);(c) Validity of assessor endorsement

REVALIDATION AND RENEWAL
(a) Successful completion of the refresher training in assessment skills techniques and current
operational practices is concluded with an evaluation of the competence against established
performance criteria. The evaluation can include: may be verified by several means, for example
by:
(1) dedicated or continuous assessment; or
(3) demonstration of practical instructional assessment skills.
(b) Current operational practices may be refreshed by transitional and pre-on-the-job training.
(c) The verification should be undertaken following the completion of the refresher training.
AMC1 ATCO.C.060(e) Validity of the assessor endorsement

For assessors not holding a valid unit endorsement, knowledge on current operational practices may
be achieved by various activities agreed between the training organisation and the competent
authority, such as:
(a) practice of ATCO skills on synthetic training devices; or
(b) real-time validation (as ATCO) of synthetic training device exercises; or
(c) familiarisation visits to operational units; or
(d) attending professional conferences; or
(e) attending presentations on new operational techniques, controller tools and airspace
modernisations organised by operational units.
ATCO.C.065 Temporary assessor authorisation
(a) When the requirement provided for in ATCO.C.045(d)(1) cannot be met, the competent
authority may authorise holders of an assessor endorsement issued in accordance with
ATCO.C.055 to carry out assessments referred to in ATCO.C.045(b)(3) and (4) to cover
exceptional situations or to ensure the independence of the assessment, provided that the
holder of the assessor endorsement shall also holds a unit endorsement with the associated
rating and, if applicable, rating endorsement, relevant to the assessment for an immediately
preceding period of at least one year the requirements set out in points (b) and (c) are met.
(b) For the purpose of covering exceptional situations, the holder of the assessor endorsement shall
also hold a unit endorsement with the associated rating and, if applicable, rating endorsement,
relevant to the assessment for an immediately preceding period of at least one year. Tthe
authorisation shall be limited to the assessments necessary to cover exceptional situations and
shall not exceed one year or the validity of the assessor endorsement issued in accordance with
ATCO.C.055, whichever occurs sooner.
(c) For the purpose of ensuring the independence of the assessment for reasons of recurrent
nature the holder of the assessor endorsement shall also hold a unit endorsement with the
associated rating and, if applicable, rating endorsement, relevant to the assessment for an
immediately preceding period of at least one year. Tthe validity of the authorisation shall be
determined by the competent authority but shall not exceed the validity of the assessor
endorsement issued in accordance with ATCO.C.055.
(d) For issuing a temporary assessor authorisation Ffor the reasons referred to in points (b) and (c),
the competent authority may grant a temporary assessor authorisation require based on a
safety analysis to be presented by the air navigation traffic services provider.
GM1 ATCO.C.065(b) Temporary assessor authorisation

EXCEPTIONAL SITUATIONS
Exceptional situations for which it may be considered not to be possible to comply with
ATCO.C.045(d)(1) for the purpose of the unit endorsement experience, and, therefore, a temporary
assessor authorisation may be granted, are the following:
(a) establishment of a new ATC unit or new sector for the air navigation traffic services provider;
(b) the continuity of the existing service is endangered due to the non-availability of personnel as
a consequence of a change in the air navigation traffic services provider at the ATC unit;
(c) new rating or rating endorsement put into operation at an ATC unit;
(d) re-opening of a temporary ATC unit.
Rationale — ATCO.C.045, AMC1 ATCO.C.045(c)(2), ATCO.C.055, ATCO.C.060, AMC1

ATCO.C.060(b), GM1 ATCO.C.060(b);(c), AMC1 ATCO.C.060(e) and GM1 ATCO.C.065(b)
— Alignment with the terminology used for the CBTA principles;
— Clarification on the duration between two assessor refresher courses, including the
distribution of the refresher training for the purpose of the first revalidation;
— Introduction of more flexibility for using experienced assessors without the valid STDI and
OJTI endorsement for the purposes of issuing and renewing STDI and OJTI endorsements;
— Clarification on how to manage demonstration of current operational practices for assessors

with no valid unit endorsement;
— In ATCO.C.065 the wording for the safety analysis for temporary assessor authorisation has
been aligned with the wording used for temporary OJTI authorisation (ATCO.C.025).
SUBPART D – AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER TRAINING
SECTION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
ATCO.D.001 Objectives of air traffic controller training
Air traffic controller training shall cover the entirety of theoretical courses, practical exercises,
including simulation, and on-the-job training required in order to acquire and maintain the skills
competencies to deliver safe, orderly and expeditious air traffic control services.
ATCO.D.003 Principles of competency-based training and

assessment
(a) Training organisations shall follow competency-based training and assessment principles when
developing training plans and courses for all phases of training.
(b) When doing so, the training organisations shall ensure that:
(1) there is an explicit link between competencies and training, required performance, and
assessment;
(2) trainees successfully demonstrate competency by meeting the associated competency
standard;
(3) evidence of competent performance is valid and reliable;
(4) instructors’ and assessors’ judgements are calibrated to achieve a high degree of inter-
rater reliability; and
(5) the assessment of competencies is based on multiple observations across multiple
contexts confirmed with the dedicated or continuous assessment report.
(c) To be considered competent, an individual shall demonstrate an integrated performance of all
the required competencies to a specified standard.
GM1 ATCO.D.003 Principles of competency-based training and

assessment
Further information can be found in ICAO ‘Procedures for Air Navigation Services’, Third edition, 2020
(ICAO Doc 9868) and in ‘Manual on Air Traffic Controller Competency-based Training and Assessment’
first edition, 2017 (ICAO Doc 10056).
Rationale ATCO.D.003
A new point ATCO.D.003 has been added to cover the general principles of competency-based training
and assessment as defined in ICAO Doc 9868. Principles specific to unit training are covered in
ATCO.D.043.
GM has been added to make reference to ICAO Doc 9868 and ICAO Doc 10056 for further information.
ATCO.D.005 Types of air traffic controller training
(a) Air traffic controller training shall consist of the following types:
(1) initial training, leading to the issue of a student air traffic controller licence or to the issue
of an additional rating and, if applicable, rating endorsement, providing:
(i) ‘basic training’ : theoretical and practical training designed to impart
fundamental knowledge and practical skills related to basic
operational procedures and to prepare the student for rating
training;
(ii) ‘rating : theoretical and practical training designed to impart
training’ knowledge and practical skills related to a specific rating and,
if applicable, to rating endorsement;
[…]
GM1 ATCO.D.005(a)(2)(ii) Types of air traffic controller training

ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
(a) On-the-job training may be supplemented for pedagogical reasons by theoretical instructions
and computer-based training, part-task trainers or any type of simulators aiming at increasing
knowledge, understanding and application of local procedures.
(b) Hours accumulated using these training tools and methods during this phase cannot be counted
towards the minimum duration of on-the-job training established in accordance with
AMC1 ATCO.D.055(b)(6), with the exception of training for procedures unlikely to be
encountered in the operational environment during the training.
Rationale ATCO.D.005; GM1 ATCO.D.005(a)(2)(ii)
The phrase ‘and to prepare the student for rating training’ has been added to clarify that this is one of
the purposes of basic training.
GM1 ATCO.D.005(a)(2)(ii) has been moved to GM1 ATCO.D.060(a)(2).
ATCO.D.010 Composition of initial training
(a) Initial training, intended for an applicant for a student air traffic controller licence or for the
issue of an additional rating and/or, if applicable, rating endorsement, shall consist of:
(1) basic training, comprising all the following subjects, topics and subtopics contained in
Appendix 2 to Annex I;:
SUBJECT 1: AVIATION LAW
SUBJECT 2: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
SUBJECT 3: METEOROLOGY
SUBJECT 4: NAVIGATION
SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT
SUBJECT 6: HUMAN FACTORS
SUBJECT 7: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT; and
(2) rating training, comprising the subjects, topics and subtopics of at least one of the
following:
(i) Aerodrome Control Rating — ADC, defined in Appendix 3 to Annex I;
SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT
SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT
SUBJECT 9: ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
SUBJECT 10: AERODROMES;
(ii) Approach Control Procedural Rating — APP, defined in Appendix 4 to Annex I;
SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT
SUBJECT 10: AERODROMES;

(iii) Area Control Procedural Rating — ACP, defined in Appendix 5 to Annex I;
SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT
(iv) Approach Control Surveillance Rating — APS, defined in Appendix 6 to Annex I;
SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT
SUBJECT 10: AERODROMES
(v) Area Control Surveillance Rating — ACS, defined in Appendix 7 to Annex I.
SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT
(b) Training intended for an additional rating shall consist of the subjects, topics and subtopics
applicable to at least one of the ratings established in point (a)(2).
(c) Training intended for the reactivation of a rating following a not successful assessment of
previous competence according to ATCO.B.010(b) shall be tailored according to the result of
that assessment.
(d) Training intended for a rating endorsement shall consist of subjects, topics and subtopics
developed by the training organisation and approved as part of the training course.
(e) Basic and/or rating training may be complemented with subjects, topics and subtopics that are
additional or specific to the functional airspace block (FAB) or to the national environment.
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training

BASIC TRAINING —TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training

AERODROME CONTROL RATING (ADC) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training

APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (APP) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING
OBJECTIVES
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training

AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (ACP) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training

APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (APS) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING
OBJECTIVES
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training

AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (ACS) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
[…]
The topics and subtopics have been moved from the implementing rule (IR) level to AMC to allow a
quicker update of the training content. The subjects have been kept in the IR as these are not foreseen
to change frequently. The subjects have been included here in ATCO.D.010 instead of the former
Appendix 2 to Annex I, which has been deleted.
Subject ‘INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE’ has been removed as compulsory element from all syllabi
based on the feedback from stakeholders. A recommendation to include this subject in each of the
training courses has however been kept in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) and in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i)-
(v).
The AMC concerned are presented at the end of this document.
ATCO.D.015 Initial training plan
An initial training plan shall be established by the training organisation and approved by the
competent authority. It shall contain at least:
[…]
(g) processes for examinations and assessments according to ATCO.D.025 and ATCO.D.035, as well
as performance objectives according to ATCO.D.030 and ATCO.D.040;
[…]
The references to performance objectives, which were to be defined by the training organisation, have
been deleted because these will be replaced by the adapted competency framework as defined in
ATCO.D.025 and ATCO.D.035 and the related AMC. The cross references have been updated.
GM1 ATCO.D.020(d) Basic and rating training courses

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OF INITIAL TRAINING
The certificate of completion may take any form and title and may cover multiple candidates.
Rationale GM1 ATCO.D.020(d)
The GM is proposed to be deleted in order to avoid potential data protection issues when issuing
training completion certificates.
ATCO.D.025 Basic training examinations and assessment
(a) Basic training courses shall include theoretical examination(s) and assessment(s).
(b) A pass in theoretical examination(s) shall be awarded to an applicant a candidate achieving a
minimum of 75 % of the marks allocated to that examination.
(c) The following competencies shall be assessed: Assessment(s) of performance objectives as
listed in ATCO.D.030 shall be conducted on a part-task trainer or a simulator.
— Situational awareness: comprehend the current operational situation and appreciate
future events;
— Traffic and capacity management: maintain a safe and orderly traffic flow;
— Separation and conflict resolution: respond to potential traffic conflicts and maintain
separation;
— Communication: perform communication effectively in STD environment;
— Coordination: apply the available means for coordination in STD environment;
— Self-management: demonstrate personal attributes that improve performance;
— Teamwork: operate as a team member and contribute to a positive working environment.
(d) Assessment(s) shall be conducted on a part-task trainer or a simulator.
(de) A pass in assessment(s) shall be awarded to an applicant a candidate who consistently
demonstrates the competencies defined in (c) above required performance as listed in
ATCO.D.030 and shows the behaviour required for safe provision of the air traffic control
service.
AMC1 ATCO.D.025(c)(d) Basic training examinations and

assessment
REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR BASIC TRAINING
Assessments should be based on the competencies defined in ATCO.D.025(c) and the following
associated observable behaviours (the competencies and their definitions are repeated for the
convenience of the reader):
Competency for BASIC training and definition Observable behaviours for BASIC training
1. Situational awareness OB 1.1 Monitors traffic in own area of responsibility
Comprehend the current operational situation
and appreciate future events OB 1.2 Checks and uses available tools to scan and comprehend
operational situations
OB 1.3 Processes the information acquired from monitoring and scanning
to maintain situational awareness
2. Traffic and capacity management OB 2.1 Uses prescribed procedures
Maintain a safe and orderly traffic flow
OB 2.2 Issues appropriate clearances, instructions and traffic information
in a timely manner
Competency for BASIC training and definition Observable behaviours for BASIC training
OB 2.3 Uses basic techniques to safely manage the traffic (e.g.
identification, vectoring, traffic sequencing, assigning levels)
3. Separation and conflict resolution OB 3.1 Identifies potential traffic conflicts
Respond to potential traffic conflicts and
maintain separation OB 3.2 Chooses the appropriate separation method
OB 3.3 Applies appropriate separation methods and spacing
OB 3.4 Issues clearances and instructions that ensure that separation is

maintained
OB 3.5 Monitors the execution of separation actions
4. Communication OB 4.1 Speaks clearly, accurately and concisely

Perform communication effectively in STD
environment OB 4.2 Uses standard radiotelephony phraseology, when prescribed
OB 4.3 Verifies accuracy of read backs and corrects as necessary
5. Coordination OB 5.1 Recognises the need for coordination

Apply the available means for coordination in
STD environment OB 5.2 Applies prescribed coordination procedures
OB 5.3 Uses clear, concise terminology for verbal coordination and

standard ATS message formats for non-verbal
6. Self-management OB 6.1 Acts responsibly when detecting and resolving errors in own
Demonstrate personal attributes that improve performance
performance
OB 6.2 Maintains an active involvement in self learning and self-
development
7. Teamwork OB 7.1 Performs duty and actions in a manner that fosters a team
Operate as a team member and contribute to a environment
positive working environment
OB 7.2 Demonstrates consideration and tolerance for other people
OB 7.3 Uses both positive and negative feedback constructively and

objectively
AMC1 ATCO.D.025(c);(e) Basic training examinations and

assessment
BASIC TRAINING — REQUIRED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
The training organisation should establish the level of performance that is defined as acceptable when
assessing whether competency for the successful completion of basic training has been achieved
(competency standard) and the specific environment in which performance should be demonstrated
(conditions).
Rationale ATCO.D.025 and associated AMC

In point (c), performance objectives have been replaced by relevant competencies and the related
observable behaviours. The requirement to conduct the assessments in a part-task trainer or
simulator has been separated to a new point (d) to align with the provisions for rating training
examinations and assessment. In point (e), the reference to a need to show the behaviour required
for safe provision of air traffic control service has been deleted because it is covered by the
competency model.
The experts of the rulemaking group agreed that not all ICAO competencies apply for the basic training
considering the not very long practical part of the training. ‘Management of non-routine situations’,
‘Problem solving and decision making’ and ‘Workload management’ have been therefore not included
in the adapted competency model. In addition, the wording of the definitions of the selected
competencies has been modified to better fit basic training. For example, ‘Coordination: Apply the
available means for coordination in STD environment’ has been used instead of the ICAO definition
‘Coordination – Manage coordination between personnel in operational positions’.
A limited set of observable behaviours (OBs) for the selected competences that was considered
applicable for basic training has been included in the related AMC1 ATCO.D.025(c)(e). Combining some
of the ICAO OBs and changing the wording for them was considered necessary in many cases. This was
partly since some of the verbs used by ICAO do not appear on the list of action verbs used in the initial
training content or were of a taxonomy level that was considered too high for basic training. For
example, ICAO OBs ‘Coordinates in a timely manner’ (‘coordinate’ does not appear on the list of action
verbs) and ‘Selects coordination method based on circumstances and prescribed procedures’ (‘select’
is a level 5 action verb) are combined into ‘Applies prescribed coordination measures’. All action verbs
in the adapted model are at max taxonomy level 3 and the competencies and OBs are adapted to what
the students are trained for during basic training.
The definition of competency standards and conditions for basic training is left to the training
organisations according to AMC2 ATCO.D.025(c)(e). Further harmonisation is ensured at the rating
training level.
ATCO.D.030 Basic training performance objectives
Assessment(s) shall include evaluation of the following performance objectives:

(a) checking and using the working position equipment;
(b) developing and maintaining situational awareness by monitoring traffic and identifying aircraft
when applicable;
(c) monitoring and updating flight data display(s);
(d) maintaining a continuous listening watch on the appropriate frequency;
(e) issuing appropriate clearances, instructions and information to traffic;
(f) using approved phraseology;
(g) communicating effectively;
(h) applying separation;
(i) applying coordination as necessary;
(j) applying the prescribed procedures for the simulated airspace;
(k) detecting potential conflicts between aircraft;

(l) appreciating priority of actions;
(m) choosing appropriate separation methods.
The basic training performance objectives have been removed as they have now been replaced by the
competencies and observable behaviours in ATCO.D.025.
ATCO.D.035 Rating training examinations and assessment
(a) Rating training courses shall include theoretical examination(s) and assessment(s).
(b) A pass in theoretical examination(s) shall be awarded to an applicant achieving a minimum of
75 % of the marks allocated to that examination.
(c) The following competencies shall be assessed: Assessment(s) shall be based on the rating
training performance objectives described in ATCO.D.040.
(1) Situational awareness — comprehend the current operational situation and anticipate
future events;
(2) Traffic and capacity management — ensure a safe, orderly and efficient traffic flow, and
provide essential information on environment and potentially hazardous situations;
(3) Separation and conflict resolution — manage potential traffic conflicts and maintain
separation;
(4) Communication —communicate effectively in all operational situations;
(5) Coordination — manage coordination between personnel in operational positions and
with other affected stakeholders;
(6) Management of non-routine situations — detect and respond to emergency and unusual
situations related to aircraft operations and manage degraded modes of ATS operation;
(7) Problem-solving and decision-making — find and implement solutions for identified
threats and associated undesired states;
(8) Self-management — demonstrate personal attributes that improve performance and
maintain an active involvement in self learning and self-development;
(9) Workload management — use available resources to prioritise and perform tasks in an
efficient and timely manner;
(10) Teamwork — collaborate actively to achieve a common goal.
(d) Assessment(s) shall be conducted on a simulator.
(e) A pass in assessment(s) shall be awarded to an applicant who consistently demonstrates the
achievement of required levels of performance for the required competencies defined in (c)
above described in ATCO.D.040 and shows the behaviour required for safe provision of the air
traffic control service.
AMC1 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and

assessment
REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR RATING TRAINING
Assessments should be based on the competencies defined in ATCO.D.035(c) and the following
associated observable behaviours (the competencies and their definitions are repeated for the
convenience of the reader):
Competency and definition Observable behaviours
1. Situational awareness OB 1.1 Monitors air traffic in own area of responsibility and nearby airspace
Comprehend the current
OB 1.2 Monitors the meteorological conditions that impact on own area of responsibility and
operational situation and
nearby airspace
anticipate future events
OB 1.3 Monitors the status of the ATC systems and equipment
OB 1.4 Monitors the operational circumstances in nearby sectors to anticipate impact on own
situation
OB 1.5 Acquires information from available surveillance and flight data systems,
meteorological data, electronic data displays and any other means available
OB 1.6 Analyses the actual situation based on information acquired from monitoring and
scanning
OB 1.7 Predicts the future operational situation

OB 1.8 Identifies potential threats (e.g. high traffic volumes, mountainous terrain, complex
airspace infrastructure, complex ATC procedures, adverse weather, unserviceable
navigational equipment, flight crew unfamiliar with airport or procedures)
OB 1.9 Verifies that information is accurate and correct when doubt exists
2. Traffic and capacity OB 2.1 Identifies situations that have the potential to become unsafe
management
Ensure a safe, orderly and OB 2.2 Uses a variety of techniques relevant to the rating to safely and effectively manage the
efficient traffic flow and traffic (e.g. speed control, vectoring, traffic sequencing, assigning climb/descent rate)
provide essential
information on environment
and potentially hazardous OB 2.3 Uses prescribed procedures
situations
OB 2.4 Issues clearances and instructions that take into account aircraft performance, terrain
obstacles, airspace constraints, weather and environmental impact
OB 2.5 Provides increased safety margins when deemed necessary
OB 2.6 Issues clearances and instructions that result in an efficient traffic flow
OB 2.7 Uses available tools to reduce delays and optimise flight profiles
OB 2.8 Issues information on the runway conditions, weather information, status of airspace,
aerodrome resources and status of facilities in a relevant, accurate and timely manner

OB 2.9 Issues hazard and safety alerts when necessary
OB 2.10 Issues traffic proximity information in a relevant, accurate and timely manner
3. Separation and conflict OB 3.1 Detects potential traffic conflicts

resolution
Manage potential traffic OB 3.2 Selects the appropriate separation method
conflicts and maintain
separation
OB 3.3 Applies appropriate separation and spacing
OB 3.4 Issues clearances and instructions to ensure that separation is maintained
OB 3.5 Issues clearances and instructions to resolve conflicts
OB 3.6 Monitors the execution of separation actions
OB 3.7 Adjusts control actions, when necessary, to maintain separation
OB 3.8 Initiates corrective action to restore appropriate separation as soon as possible if below
minima
OB 3.9 Resolves conflicts through coordination with adjacent sectors or units
4. Communication OB 4.1 Selects communication mode (e.g. radio, telephone, system) that takes into account
Communicate effectively in the requirements of the situation, including speed, accuracy and level of detail of the
all operational situations communication
OB 4.2 Speaks clearly, accurately and concisely
OB 4.3 Uses standard radiotelephony phraseology, when prescribed
OB 4.4 Uses plain language when standardised phraseology does not exist or the situation
warrants it
OB 4.5 Verifies accuracy of read backs and corrects as necessary
OB 4.6 Adjusts verbal communication techniques to suit the situation (e.g. rate of speech, use
of phonetic alphabet for clarity, words twice, simple language)
OB 4.7 Communicates relevant concerns and intentions
5. Coordination OB 5.1 Identifies the need for coordination

Manage coordination
between personnel in OB 5.2 Coordinates with personnel in other operational positions and other stakeholders, in a
operational positions and timely manner
with other affected
stakeholders OB 5.3 Selects coordination mode (e.g. telephone, system, radio) based on circumstances,
including urgency of coordination, status of facilities and prescribed procedures
OB 5.4 Coordinates the movement, control, transfer of control and changes of previously
coordinated data for flights using the prescribed coordination procedures
OB 5.5 Coordinates changes of status of operational facilities (e.g. equipment, systems,

functions) and status of airspace and aerodrome resources

OB 5.6 Uses standard ATS message formats and protocol for non-verbal coordination
OB 5.7 Conducts effective briefings during position handover
6. Management of OB 6.1 Identifies, from the information available, the possibility of an emergency or unusual
nonroutine situations situation developing
Detect and respond to
emergency and unusual OB 6.2 Verifies the nature of the emergency where ambiguity exists
situations related to
aircraft operations and OB 6.3 Prioritises actions based on the urgency of the situation
manage degraded modes of
ATS operation
OB 6.4 Provides the most appropriate type(s) of assistance
OB 6.5 Identifies that ATS systems and/or equipment have degraded
OB 6.6 Assesses the impact of the degradation on operations
OB 6.7 Uses prescribed procedures for degraded mode of operation
7. Problem-solving and OB 7.1 Uses appropriate tools to assist in determining possible solutions to a problem
decision-making
Find and implement OB 7.2 Ensures safe and efficient solution to a problem
solutions for identified
OB 7.3 Organises tasks in an appropriate order of priorities
threats and associated
undesired states
OB 7.4 Applies an appropriate mitigation strategy for the threats identified (e.g. increased
vertical separation in case of CAT, go around if RWY is blocked, etc.)
8. Self-management OB 8.1 Accepts responsibility for own performance (e.g. detecting and resolving own errors,
Demonstrate personal etc.)
attributes that improve
OB 8.2 Demonstrates active listening by asking relevant questions and providing feedback.
performance and maintain
an active involvement in self
OB 8.3 Evaluates the effectiveness of actions and feedback for improving performance
learning and self-
development
OB 8.4 Maintains self-control in changing and/or adverse situations
9. Workload management OB 9.1 Manages tasks effectively in response to current and future workload
Use available resources to
prioritise and perform tasks OB 9.2 Manages interruptions and distractions effectively
in an efficient and
timely manner OB 9.3 Delegates tasks when necessary to reduce workload
OB 9.4 Integrates the provided assistance, when necessary
OB 9.5 Adjusts the pace of work according to workload
OB 9.6 Uses the automated capabilities of ATS equipment to improve efficiency, when
available

10. Teamwork OB 10.1 Provides both positive and negative feedback constructively
Collaborates actively to
achieve a common goal OB 10.2 Responds objectively to both positive and negative feedback
OB 10.3 Demonstrates consideration and tolerance for other people
OB 10.4 Ensures that actions and duties are carried out in a manner that fosters a team
environment
OB 10.5 Responds appropriately to the needs of others

assessment
AERODROME CONTROL RATING — REQUIRED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
The level of performance that is defined as acceptable when assessing whether or not competency
for the issue of an ADC rating has been achieved (competency standard) and the specific environment
in which performance should be demonstrated (conditions) are as follows:
Conditions ADC
At the end of the training the learner will be able to consistently demonstrate, without any assistance or prompts
from the instructor/assessor, an integrated performance of all the competencies under the following conditions:
Simulated aerodrome The configuration of the aerodrome should reflect the complexity values given in
control services the traffic levels and complexity section below.
environment (minimum of
ADC sector provides aerodrome control service to aerodrome traffic operating
180° aerodrome
within the aerodrome control zone (CTR) with a single instrument runway and a
simulator)
minimum of three taxiways connected to the runway on both sides.
There should be an approach sector and/or an adjacent area control unit above and
around the airport (CTR) that will enable management and coordination of arriving
and departing aircraft with the different performance specifications.
The CTR is Class D or C airspace.
With the following traffic 1. mostly IFR traffic with occasional VFR flights and special VFR flights in different
levels and complexity weather conditions (IMC/VMC, visibility, wind, etc.)
(defined for the example 2. mix of arrivals, departures and other aerodrome traffic (e.g. overflights/circuit
CTR of approximate traffic/vehicles, etc.)
dimensions of 5 nm radius
from GND to 2 500 ft.) 3. heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, light training aircraft and
helicopters
4. all levels of traffic with the minimum of 24 aircraft per 45 minutes for the
assessed exercise and should ideally not exceed 10 aircraft on frequency
simultaneously
5. at least 5 aircraft/vehicles will generate actions at the same time
6. some conflicts/actions to be resolved simultaneously
7. traffic should include arriving and departing aircraft with the different wake
turbulence and performance specifications; integration of aircraft in/through
the aerodrome traffic circuit from the entry points and visual holdings;
management of aircraft and vehicles on the manoeuvring area
The assessed exercises — IFR missed approach

should include one of the — runway incursion
following example non-
routine situations: — aborted take-off
— blocked taxiway
— any other non-routine situation
Working position Aerodrome controller provides all aerodrome control services from one working
configuration position
With the use of the — Reconfigurable communication panels

following tools and — Aerodrome lighting panel
equipment:
— Support information (e.g. maps, weather, airspace reservation, etc.) and the
navigation equipment status system
— Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list
— Situation display so that trainee can monitor the position of aircraft inbound to
the aerodrome
Standards ADC
The students will be able to demonstrate an integrated performance of all the competencies following the
procedures and standards described in:
(a) Regulation (EU) No 923/2012; Regulation (EU) 2017/373; Regulation (EU) No 376/2014;
(b) ADC Simulator Local Operating Procedures.

assessment
APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING — REQUIRED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
for the issue of an APP rating has been achieved (competency standard) and the specific environment
Conditions APP
Simulated approach The dimensions of the simulated sector should reflect the complexity values given
procedural control in the traffic levels and complexity section below.
services environment
APP sector provides approach procedural control services to traffic operating within
the approach control area (CTA) and should include integration of inbound and
outbound traffic with use of instrument procedures.
There should be at least one airport (CTR) below the approach sector and an
adjacent area control unit that will enable management and coordination of arriving
The approach sector should be notified as Class C or D airspace. The airspace below
the approach CTA sector outside (around) CTR is classified as uncontrolled G
airspace.
With the following traffic a) mostly IFR traffic with occasional VFR flights
levels and complexity b) mix of arrivals, departures and at least one overflight
(defined for the example
airspace of approximate c) heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, light aircraft
dimensions of 60 nm x d) all levels of traffic with the minimum of 9 aircraft per 45 minutes for the
60 nm from 300 m assessed exercise and should ideally not exceed 4 aircraft on frequency
GND/MSL - FL145) simultaneously
e) at least 2 aircraft will generate actions at the same time
f) some actions to be executed simultaneously
g) traffic conflicts should include inbound and outbound aircraft with the different
performance specifications requiring coordination and the use of procedural
separations and should include at least two successive departures and/or
arrivals
The assessed exercises a) Weather change

should include one of the b) Request for RWY change
routine situations: c) Diversion with no emergency
d) IFR missed approach
e) any other non-routine situation appropriate to procedural environment
Working position The Executive Controller provides all services from a single working position
configuration
With the use of at least the a) Voice communication panel
following tools and b) Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list
equipment:
c) Support information (e.g. maps, weather, airspace reservation, aircraft
progress visualisation aid, etc.) and the navigation equipment status system
Standards APP
The learners will be able to demonstrate an integrated performance of all the competencies following the
1. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012; Regulation (EU) 2017/373; Regulation (EU) No 376/2014;
2. APP Simulator Local Operating Procedures.

assessment
AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING — REQUIRED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
for the issue of an ACP rating has been achieved (competency standard) and the specific environment
Conditions ACP
Simulated area control The dimensions of the simulated sector should reflect the complexity values given
procedural services in the traffic levels and complexity section below.
environment
ACP sector provides area control procedural services to traffic operating within the
control area and should include bi-directional ATS route and crossing ATS routes.
There should be at least one airport and one local airfield below the ACP sector and
other airports in the adjacent sectors that will require integration of arriving and
departing aircraft with the different performance specifications.
The training airspace should be notified as Class C airspace and above FL195 the
sector could be notified as Class A airspace. The airspace below the CTA sector
outside the approach sector is classified as uncontrolled G airspace.
With the following traffic 2.1 mostly IFR traffic with occasional VFR flights or military jets
levels and complexity 2.2 mix of overflights, arrivals, departures
airspace of approximate 2.3 heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, business jets, military jets, light
dimensions of 120 nm x aircraft
130 nm from minimum 2.4 all levels of traffic with the minimum of 12 aircraft per 45 minutes for the
level(s)/ – FL275) assessed exercise and should ideally not exceed 4 aircraft on frequency
simultaneously
2.5 at least 3 aircraft will generate actions at the same time
2.6 some conflicts/actions to be resolved/executed simultaneously
2.7 traffic conflicts should be managed by the use of coordination and procedural
control separations/techniques
The assessed exercises 1. level change requests due to turbulence

should include one of the 2. diversion with the METAR request (no emergency)
routine situations: 3. any other non-routine situation appropriate to procedural environment
configuration
With the use of at least (1) Voice communication panel
the following tools and (2) Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list
equipment:
(3) Support information system (e.g. maps, weather, airspace reservation, aircraft
progress visualisation aid, etc.) and the navigation equipment status system
Standards ACP

2. ACP Simulator Local Operating Procedures.

assessment
APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING — REQUIRED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
for the issue of an APS rating has been achieved (competency standard) and the specific environment
Conditions APS
Simulated approach The dimensions of the simulated sector should reflect the complexity values given
control surveillance in the traffic levels and complexity section below.
services environment APS sector provides approach control surveillance services to traffic operating
within the approach control area (CTA) and should include integration of arriving
and departing traffic via ATS routes, holding pattern(s), STARs and SIDs.
There should be at least one major airport (CTR) below the approach sector and an
adjacent area control unit that will enable management and coordination of arriving
The approach sector should be notified as Class C airspace. The airspace below the
approach CTA sector outside (around) CTR is classified as uncontrolled G airspace.
With the following traffic a) mostly IFR traffic with occasional VFR flights
levels and complexity b) mix of arrivals, departures and some overflights, VFRs or military jets
airspace of approximate c) heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, light training aircraft
dimensions of 50 nm x d) all levels of traffic with the minimum of 20 aircraft per 45 minutes for the
50 nm from 300 m assessed exercise and should ideally not exceed 8 aircraft on frequency
GND/MSL - FL145) simultaneously
e) at least 5 aircraft will generate actions at the same time
f) some conflicts/actions to be resolved simultaneously
g) traffic conflicts should include inbound and outbound aircraft with the different
wake turbulence and performance specifications requiring the use of vectoring,
sequencing, holding and speed control techniques to assist approach,
separation and coordination; integration of aircraft approaching from un-
controlled airspace
The assessed exercises a) weather avoidance

should include one of the b) level change requests
routine situations: c) IFR missed approach
d) ILS failure
e) Activation of TSA/TRA (e.g. paragliding activities)
f) navigation assistance to an aircraft
g) any other non-routine situation
configuration
With the use of the 1. Multilateral SSR radar system (with Mode S)
following tools and 2. Reconfigurable communication panels
equipment:
3. OLDI
4. STCA and/or MTCA systems
5. Support information (e.g. maps, weather, airspace reservation, etc.) and the
navigation equipment status system
6. Flight data processing system
7. Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list
Standards APS
2. APS Simulator Local Operating Procedures.

assessment
AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING — REQUIRED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
for the issue of an ACS rating has been achieved (competency standard) and the specific environment
Conditions ACS
Simulated area control The dimensions of the simulated sector should reflect the complexity values given
surveillance services in the traffic levels and complexity section below. ACS sector’s vertical limits should
environment enable the application of both the upper and low level flights (outside the approach
environment).
ACS sector provides area control surveillance services to traffic operating within the
control area and should include bi-directional ATS route and crossing ATS routes.
There should be at least one major airport and one local airfield below the ACS
sector and other airports in the adjacent sectors that will require integration of
arriving and departing aircraft with the different performance specifications.
The training airspace should be notified as Class C airspace and above FL195 the
sector could be notified as Class A airspace. The airspace below the CTA sector
outside the approach sector is classified as uncontrolled G airspace.
The CTA is designated RVSM airspace between FL290 and FL410. All aircraft
operating between FL290 and FL410 inclusive must be RVSM equipped.
With the following traffic (1) mostly IFR traffic with occasional VFR flights
levels and complexity (2) mix of overflights, arrivals, departures and joining VFRs or military jets
airspace of approximate (3) heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, business jets, military jets, light
dimensions of 120 nm x training aircraft
130 nm from FL95/FL145 (4) all levels of traffic with the minimum of 28 aircraft per 45 minutes for the
– FL660) assessed exercise and should ideally not exceed 12 aircraft on frequency
simultaneously
(5) at least 6 aircraft will generate actions at the same time
(6) some conflicts to be resolved simultaneously
(7) traffic conflicts should include aircraft on same and opposite tracks, the split
situations to enable climb/descent, crossing conflicts on a bi-directional airway
that crosses other airways, converging exit conflicts and integration of
arrivals/departures with the different wake turbulence and performance
specifications, requiring the use of speed control techniques to assist
separation, including at least one fast aircraft following a slower one
The assessed exercises 1. weather avoidance

should include one of the 2. level change requests due to turbulence
routine situations: 3. level bust TCAS RA
4. diversion with the METAR request (no emergency)
5. unplanned activation of TSA/TRA;
6. any other non-routine situation
Working position The Executive Controller and Planner provide all services from two adjacent
configuration positions in identical configuration.
With the use of the (1) Multilateral SSR radar system (with Mode S)
following tools and (2) Reconfigurable communication panels
equipment:
(3) OLDI
(4) STCA and/or MTCA systems
(5) Support information system (e.g. maps, weather, airspace reservation, etc.)
(6) Flight data processing systems
(7) Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list
Standards ACS
2. ACS Simulator Local Operating Procedures.
In point (c), performance objectives have been replaced by competencies. In point (e), the reference
to a need to show the behaviour required for safe provision of air traffic control service has been
deleted because it is covered by the competency model.
The adapted competency model for ratings includes all 10 ICAO competencies. The definitions of the
competencies are the same as ICAO definitions, except for the definition for ‘Teamwork’. A reduced
number of observable behaviours (OBs) is presented in AMC 2-6 ATCO.D.035(c)(e). Similar to basic
training, some ICAO OBs for rating training have been considered too complex and not supported by
the current training syllabus. Therefore, some OBs have been combined, some reworded and some
not selected.
AMC 2-6 ATCO.D.035(c)(e) propose the harmonised conditions (a specific environment in which
performance will be demonstrated) and standards (a level of performance that is defined as
acceptable when assessing whether competency has been achieved). These have been developed for
each of the ratings considering the initial training content with the purpose of ensuring a more
harmonised level of the students at the time of the student ATCO licence issue.
The conditions were defined by training experts from EUROCONTROL and the rulemaking group. The
traffic levels are based on the figures received from EUROCONTROL. In this statistic the average ACS
sector capacity of 230 sectors in Europe was 40 aircraft per hour and the maximum 62. It was
considered that for complex and dense traffic situations a slightly higher figure than the average
should be used. The calculation is therefore based on 48 aircraft per hour. 80 % of this traffic was
considered appropriate for the final assessments as the assessment situation as such creates
additional stress and as the assessments also include a non-routine situation. The number was further
reduced to take into account the proposed length of the exercise being 45 minutes. This resulted in a
minimum of 28 aircraft in a 45-minute exercise. The figures for other ratings were derived in a similar
manner.
The figure above as well as other conditions on traffic levels and complexity presented are established
in relation to an example airspace. The dimension of the example airspace was therefore included and
a requirement that ‘the dimensions of simulated sector should reflect the complexity values given in
the traffic levels and complexity section’ was added to highlight that the traffic levels would need to
be adjusted if a smaller or bigger airspace would be used.
ATCO.D.040 Rating training performance objectives
(a) Rating training performance objectives and performance objective tasks shall be defined for
each rating training course.
(b) Rating training performance objectives shall require an applicant to:
(1) demonstrate the ability to manage air traffic in a manner that ensures safe, orderly and
expeditious services; and
(2) handle complex and dense traffic situations.
(c) In addition to point (b), rating training performance objectives for Aerodrome Control (ADC)
rating shall ensure that applicants:
(1) manage the workload and provide air traffic services within a defined aerodrome area of
responsibility; and
(2) apply aerodrome control techniques and operational procedures to aerodrome traffic.
(d) In addition to point (b), rating training performance objectives for the Approach Control
Procedural (APP) rating shall ensure that applicants:
(1) manage the workload and provide air traffic services within a defined approach control
area of responsibility; and
(2) apply procedural approach control, planning techniques and operational procedures to
arriving, holding, departing and transiting traffic.
(e) In addition to point (b), rating training performance objectives for the Approach Control
Surveillance (APS) rating shall ensure that applicants:
(1) manage the workload and provide air traffic services within a defined approach control
area of responsibility; and
(2) apply approach surveillance control, planning techniques and operational procedures to
arriving, holding, departing and transiting traffic.
(f) In addition to point (b), rating training performance objectives for the Area Control Procedural
(ACP) rating shall ensure that applicants:
(1) manage the workload and provide air traffic services within a defined area control area
of responsibility; and
(2) apply procedural area control, planning techniques and operational procedures to area
traffic.
(g) In addition to point (b), rating training performance objectives for the Area Control Surveillance
(ACS) rating shall ensure that applicants:
(1) manage the workload and provide air traffic services within a defined area control area
of responsibility; and
(2) apply area surveillance control, planning techniques and operational procedures to area
traffic.
AMC1 ATCO.D.040 Rating training performance objectives
GENERAL
Training organisations should define the detailed performance objectives for each rating training
course, as well as the training scenario.
GM1 ATCO.D.040 Rating training performance objectives

ED Decision 2015/010/R
GENERAL
A list of performance objectives tasks can be found in Eurocontrol’s document ‘ATCO Rating Training
Performance Objectives’, Edition 1.0, dated 14.12.2010.
ATCO.D.040 and the related AMC and GM have been deleted because the adapted competency model
replaces the former performance objectives.
SECTION 3 – UNIT TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
ATCO.D.043 Principles of competency-based training and

assessment for unit training
When developing training plans and courses for unit training, training organisations shall, in addition
to what is foreseen in ATCO.D.003, ensure that:
(a) relevant competencies are clearly defined;
(b) competencies are formulated in a way that ensures that they can be trained for, observed and
assessed consistently in a wide variety of work; and
(c) clear performance criteria are established for assessing competence.
AMC1 ATCO.D.043(a) Principles of competency-based training and

RELEVANT COMPETENCIES FOR UNIT TRAINING
To train and assess the capacity of an individual to perform at the standard expected in the ATC unit,
the training organisation should develop an adapted competency model suitable for the specific local
environment using as a minimum the competencies for rating training, as defined in ATCO.D.035(c).
The adapted competency model should reflect the ATS unit’s specific local environment and
requirements. The selection or adaptation of the associated observable behaviours should be based
on analysis of the specific environment considering the regulatory, operational, technical and
organisational requirements.
GM1 ATCO.D.043(a) Principles of competency-based training and

RELEVANT COMPETENCIES FOR UNIT TRAINING
Further guidance on observable behaviours for unit training can be found in ICAO ‘Procedures for Air
Navigation Services’, Third edition, 2020 (ICAO Doc 9868) and in ‘Manual on Air Traffic Controller
Competency-based Training and Assessment’ first edition, 2017 (ICAO Doc 10056).
A new point ATCO.D.043 has been added to cover the general principles of competency-based training
and assessment applicable for unit training, which are additional to the general principles covered in
ATCO.D.003.
ATCO.D.025 and ATCO.D.035 contain a harmonised adapted competency model for initial training. For
unit training, there will be local adaptation that is left to the training organisations. This is further
explained in AMC1 ATCO.D.043(a).
GM1 ATCO.D.043(a) provides reference to the ICAO Documents that can be helpful and that should
be considered when defining the adapted competency model for the unit.
AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(3) Composition of unit training
ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

(a) Training for all identified abnormal and emergency situations should primarily take place on
synthetic training devices.
(b) Training organisations should develop performance objectives for the abnormal and emergency
situation training.
(cb) Where a low safety risk for the ATC service provision has been identified and agreed by the
competent authority, training in abnormal and emergency situations may take place by means
other than synthetic training devices.
(dc) If the pre-on-the-job training phase is not provided, the abnormal and emergency situation
training should be scenario-based and as realistic as possible while maintaining operational
safety.
(ed) Checklists for abnormal and emergency situations used in operations should be made available
to the applicant and be available at all times during scenario training.
AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(4) Composition of unit training
HUMAN FACTORS
(a) Training organisations should train the applicant during unit training in team resource
management, fatigue management and stress management.
(b) Training organisations should develop performance objectives for team resource management
training.
(c) The team resource management training may also make use of synthetic training devices.
(db) Training organisations should develop training objectives for team resource management,
fatigue management and stress management training.
In AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(3), the obligation of training organisations to develop performance objectives
for abnormal and emergency situation training has been deleted because ‘performance objectives’
are not used anymore and because the content is included in competency ‘Management of non-
routine situations’, which the training organisations should cover in their adapted competency model.
For similar reasons the requirement to develop performance objectives for team resource
management training (covered by ‘teamwork’ competency) is deleted in AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(4).
Team resource management has been however added to the list of topics for which the unit training
organisations should develop training objectives. Additionally, former point (c) has been removed
because it has been considered to be of no added value.
ATCO.D.055 Unit training plan
(a) A unit training plan shall be established by the training organisation for each ATC unit and shall
be approved by the competent authority.
(b) The unit training plan shall contain at least:
[…]
(4) the process for the conduct of a the unit endorsement course(s);
[…]
AMC2 ATCO.D.055(b)(6) Composition of unit training

DURATION OF UNIT ENDORSEMENT COURSES
The duration of the unit endorsement course should refer to the number of hours that can be counted
as training, in order to distinguish them from the trainee’s overall working hours. The training
organisation should describe how to count these training hours (e.g. exclusion of low-traffic periods,
limitation of the number of night shift hours, determination by the instructor after the session, etc.).
AMC1 ATCO.D.055(b)(14) Unit training plan
DESIRABLE BEHAVIOURS FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
(a) Training organisations should establish desirable behaviours for the identified abnormal and
emergency situations and associate them with established procedures.
(b) Desirable behaviours of the applicants in case of abnormal or emergency situations may be of
technical or non-technical nature.
GM has been added to give further guidance on how the duration of training should be counted.
The AMC on desirable behaviours for abnormal and emergency situations is proposed to be deleted
because the same issue is covered by the requirement in ATCO.D.043 for the training organisations to
establish performance criteria.
ATCO.D.060 Unit endorsement course

[…]
(c) Unit endorsement courses shall define the syllabus in accordance with ATCO.D.045(c) and the
performance objectives required performance criteria in accordance with ATCO.D.0435(c), and
shall be conducted in accordance with the unit training plan.
[…]
GM1 ATCO.D.060(a)(2) Unit endorsement course

ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PHASE
(a) On-the-job training may be supplemented for pedagogical reasons by theoretical instructions
and computer-based training, as well as use of part-task trainers or any type of simulators
aiming at increasing knowledge, understanding and application of local procedures or
procedures unlikely to be encountered in the operational environment.
(b) Hours accumulated on approved synthetic training devices during this phase cannot be counted
towards the minimum duration of on-the-job training established in accordance with
AMC1 ATCO.D.055(b)(6), with the exception of training for procedures unlikely to be
encountered in the operational environment during the training.
GM1 ATCO.D.060(c) Unit endorsement course

COMPETENCIES AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA OBJECTIVES FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS PROVIDING
SERVICES TO AIRCRAFT CARRYING OUT FLIGHT TESTS
The competencies and performance criteria objectives for air traffic controllers providing air traffic
control services to aircraft carrying out flight tests should ensure that applicants manage the workload
and provide air traffic services and apply specific ATC procedures according to ATS.TR.160 of
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 laying down common requirements for
providers of air traffic management/air navigation services and other air traffic management network
functions and their oversight, to aircraft carrying out flight tests within a defined aerodrome, approach
control and/or area control area of responsibility.
Point (c) has been amended to reflect the changes related to introduction of the CBTA. In addition,
the link with the common requirements with regard to flight tests has been established in GM1
ATCO.D.060(c).
The text in GM1 ATCO.D.060(a)(2) is the same text as the one removed from GM1
ATCO.D.005(a)(2)(ii).
ATCO.D.070 Assessments during unit endorsement courses
(a) The applicant's final assessment shall be conducted in the operational environment under
normal operational conditions at least once at the end of the on-the-job training.
(b) When the unit endorsement course contains a pre-on-the-job training phase, the applicant's
skills shall be assessed evaluated on a synthetic training device at least at the end of this phase.
(c) Notwithstanding point (a), a synthetic training device may be used during a unit endorsement
assessment to demonstrate the application of trained procedures not encountered in the
operational environment during the assessment.
GM1 ATCO.D.070 Assessments during unit endorsement courses

(a) DEDICATED ASSESSMENTS
(1) A dedicated assessment should be carried out for the issue or renewal of a unit
endorsement.
(2) A dedicated assessment may consist of a single assessment or a series of assessments, as
detailed in the unit training plan. In the case of a single assessment, the evaluation
reports provided by the instructors should be built on multiple observations.
(3) To conduct a dedicated assessment, the assessor(s) should sit with the applicant with the
purpose of observing the quality and assessing the standard of work being carried out
and, if also acting as OJTI at the same time, of to maintaining a safe, orderly and
expeditious flow of air traffic.
(4) The applicant concerned should be briefed on the conduct of the assessment.
(5) For those situations where an applicant’s performance cannot be observed at the time of
the assessment (e.g. low-visibility operations, snow clearing, military activity, etc.), the
assessment may be supplemented by synthetic training device sessions and oral
examination.
(6) Dedicated assessments may also be conducted at any stage of training as detailed in the
unit training plan, where a more definitive measure of the progress is required, for
example after 50 hours of practical training.
[…]
(c) ORAL EXAMINATION
(1) The oral examination is used to test the understanding of applicable techniques and the
rules governing them, particularly of unit and national air traffic control procedures.
Scenario-type questioning allows the examiners assessors to gather additional evidence
of how an applicant would react in circumstances that are not observable, but are
nevertheless considered important to the overall operation at that ATC unit.
(2) The oral examination will give a clear indication that the applicant knows not only what
he/she he or she should be doing, but also why he/she he or she should be doing it. It
requires considerable skills and it should be undertaken in a way to ensure consistency

among individual examiners assessors.
Rationale — ATCO.D.070, GM1 ATCO.D.070

In ATCO.D.070(a), ‘at least once at the end of the on-the-job training’ has been deleted to
encourage multiple observations in the spirit of CBTA principles. Instead, the word ‘final’ has been
added to indicate that not all assessments throughout the entire unit training do necessarily need
to take place in an operational environment. ‘Final’ assessment is considered to cover all
assessment types (including continuous assessment).
In ATCO.D.070(a), ‘assessed’ has been replaced by ‘evaluated’ due to the fact that this does not
generate an entry in the licence, and the assessment shall be performed at the end of the unit
endorsement course.
In addition, a reference to allow dedicated assessment based on multiple observations has been
added to single assessments.
SECTION 4 – CONTINUATION TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
ATCO.D.075 Continuation training
Continuation training shall consist of refresher and, when relevant, conversion training courses and
shall be provided according to the requirements contained in the unit competence scheme according
to ATCO.B.025.
ATCO.D.080 Refresher training
(a) Refresher training course(s) shall be developed and provided by training organisations and
approved by the competent authority.
(b) Refresher training shall be designed to review, reinforce or enhance the existing knowledge and
practical performance skills of air traffic controllers to provide a safe, orderly and expeditious
flow of air traffic and shall contain at least:
(1) standard practices and procedures training, using approved phraseology and effective
communication;
(2) abnormal and emergency situations training, using approved phraseology and effective
communication; and
(3) human factors training.
(c) A syllabus including performance criteria and the associated evaluation methods shall be
defined for the refresher training course shall be defined, and where a subject refreshes skills
of air traffic controllers, performance objectives shall also be developed.
AMC1 ATCO.D.080 Refresher training

EXAMINATIONS AND EVALUATIONS ASSESSMENTS
Refresher training topics subjects should be examined or evaluated assessed using the processes
described in the unit competence scheme.
AMC1 ATCO.D.080(b)(1);(2) Refresher training

PHRASEOLOGY TRAINING
Training organisations should develop objectives for phraseology.
GM1 ATCO.D.080(c) Refresher training

SYLLABUS FOR REFRESHER TRAINING
The syllabus should include a clear description of the objectives and methods to be used for the
evaluation of practical skills and theoretical knowledge.
ATCO.D.085 Conversion training

(a) Conversion training course(s) shall be developed and provided by training organisations and
approved by the competent authority.
(b) Conversion training shall be designed to provide knowledge and skills appropriate to a change
in the operational environment and shall be provided by training organisations when the safety
assessment of the change concludes the need for such training.
(c) Conversion training courses shall include the determination of:
(1) the appropriate training method for and duration of the course, taking into account the
nature and extent of the change; and
(2) the examination or evaluation and/or assessments methods for the conversion training.
(d) Conversion training shall be provided before air traffic controllers exercise the privileges of their
licence in the changed operational environment.
GM1 ATCO.D.085(b) Conversion training

The need for conversion training is identified in the safety assessment of changes to the functional
system. Not all safety assessments may generate a need for conversion training.
Conversion training includes, but is not limited to, cases where a change modifies the:
— way ATCOs operate and use equipment;
— operations manuals, according to ATM/ANS.OR.B.035 of Regulation (EU) 2017/373), that are
used by ATCOs;
— formal interfaces, according to ATM/ANS.OR.B.005(f) of Regulation (EU) 2017/373, affecting
ATCOs.
Care should be taken when training operational staff before the change is operational, as the training
may change the behaviour of the operational staff when they interact with the existing functional
system before any other part of the change is made.
AMC1 ATCO.D.085(c)(2) Conversion training

EVALUATIONS
Conversion training should be evaluated using the processes described in the unit competence
scheme.
Rationale — ATCO.D.075, ATCO.D.080, AMC1 to ATCO.D.080, AMC1 ATCO.D.080(b)(1);(2), GM1

ATCO.D.080(c), ATCO.D.085, GM1 ATCO.D.085(b), AMC1 ATCO.D.085(c)(3)
The changes proposed in this section are due to introduction of evaluations as a replacement for
the assessments. In addition, the link with Regulation (EU) 2017/373 regarding the changes to
functional system and conversion training is reflected now in the AMC/GM material.
All other proposed changes are to reflect the CBTA terminology.

AMC1 ATCO.D.080(b)(1);(2) has been deleted because the content of the refresher training is based
on the content of the unit endorsement courses/unit training. During this training, phraseology is
used in conjunction with standard operating practices and abnormal and emergency situations
under the competency ‘Communication’ for which performance criteria have been developed;
therefore, there is a duplication in AMC1 ATCO.D.080(b)(1);(2).
SECTION 5 – TRAINING OF INSTRUCTORS AND ASSESSORS
ATCO.D.087 Principles for competency-based training and

assessment for practical instructors and assessors
(a) The training for practical instructors and assessors in a competency-based environment shall
ensure that they:
(1) fully understand the principles of competency-based training and assessment;
(2) have detailed knowledge of the adapted competency model and the processes for
assessing competence.
(b) In a competency-based environment, a practical instructor shall:
(1) instruct on the basis of the training plan and associated training materials;
(2) understand the merits of, and provide timely and continuous feedback on, trainee
performance;
(3) use the adapted competency model to diagnose the root cause(s) of performance
difficulties;
(4) recognise the challenges associated with instructing and diagnosing deficiencies in the
cognitive processes;
(5) manage issues related to attitude.
(c) In a competency-based environment, the assessor shall:
(1) gather evidence of competent performance through practical observations (and any
associated interviews);
(2) analyse all the evidence to determine if the trainees’ performance demonstrates that
they have acquired or maintained the competencies detailed in the adapted competency
model;
(3) be able to assess an integrated performance and, at the same time, evaluate the
performance of separate competencies;
(4) conduct assessment(s) by gathering evidence of competent performance;
(5) debrief the trainees in a manner that will aid their progress.
AMC2 ATCO.D.090(a)(1) Training of practical instructors
REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR PRACTICAL INSTRUCTORS

Assessments should be based on the following competencies and the associated observable
behaviours.
Competency for practical instructors and Observable behaviours

definition
1. Situational awareness OB 1.1 Monitors the operational situation while instructing
Comprehend current operational situation,
anticipate future events and the impact of the OB 1.2 Monitors the impact of the students’ actions on the traffic
students’ performance on the operation situation
(Note: ‘Students’ should be understood as the
OB 1.3 Demonstrates understanding of the situation based on the
persons undertaking training)
analysis of the students’ actions and behaviours
OB 1.4 Monitors the students’ actions continuously
OB 1.5 Monitors the students’ behaviour for physical signs of cognitive

overload, fatigue or acute stress.
OB 1.6 Demonstrates the ability to predict the future operation situation
(based on the student’s/trainee’s decisions/planning)
OB 1.7 Identifies potentially hazardous situations (e.g. separation,
consequences of adverse weather, capacity overload, emergency and
urgency)
2. Safety and efficiency management OB 2.1 Prioritises safety above teaching the students
Ensure safety and efficiency of the operation
during training OB 2.2 Takes action to ensure that safety is never compromised (e.g.
correct errors, take over control)
OB 2.3 Intervenes in a timely manner to maintain an orderly flow of
traffic, when appropriate, and to ensure that safety is not compromised
OB 2.4 Ensures that traffic efficiency is maintained, including impact on
adjacent sectors/units
OB 2.5 Manages own and the students’ workload to ensure safe and
efficient operations (e.g. sector splitting, increased spacing, adapting
instructional techniques)
3. Mentoring OB 3.1 Develops a rapport (positive professional relationship) with the
Support the students’ integration into the students and provides encouragement and support
professional environment by mentoring,
OB 3.2 Promotes positive working relationships
advising, guiding and creating a positive
learning experience OB 3.3 Encourages a positive approach to learning
OB 3.4 Demonstrates empathy and understanding, recognising situations

when extra support is required
OB 3.5 Encourages students to self-reflect to identify strengths and
weaknesses and areas for improvement
OB 3.6 Encourages students to look for positive learning experiences
from each training session, even those that did not go well
OB 3.7 Encourages students to extract maximum training value from any
feedback, including negative points and appreciate ownership and
responsibility for the training outcome
OB 3.8 Appreciate ownership and responsibility for the training outcome
OB 3.9 Encourages students to ask questions as part of the overall

learning experience
OB 3.10 Helps students to build and maintain confidence through
encouragement and motivation

definition
OB 3.11 Ensures sufficient repetition of learning activities
OB 3.12 Ensures opportunities for increasing complexity
4. Teaching, instructing and coaching OB 4.1 Prepares for each training session and briefs the students prior to
Provide instruction and facilitates learning in taking over the operational position
the operational and synthetic training
OB 4.2 Ensures the students understand goals for the session and the
environment
expected performance standards
OB 4.3 Ensures the students understand the operational situation prior
to assuming control
OB 4.4 Maintains appropriate seating position and proximity to the
students
OB 4.5 Uses targeted training techniques to enable learning (e.g. talk
aloud problem-solving techniques, demonstration, immediate bad habit
correction, students’ involvement, questioning techniques)
OB 4.6 Adapts training techniques and style to meet the needs of the
students
OB 4.7 Ensures appropriate timing of teaching opportunities
OB 4.8 Understands students’ behaviours and responds appropriately

(e.g. stress, under confidence, over-confidence)
OB 4.9 Encourages the students to make decisions appropriate to their
level of competence and experience
OB 4.10 Understands the students’ intended actions and plans (e.g. using
questioning techniques) and encourages the students to develop
problem-solving abilities
OB 4.11 Keeps an appropriate attitude when taking control from the
students in the circumstances dictating this type of intervention
OB 4.12 Provides constructive and balanced feedback in a timely and
appropriate manner
OB 4.13 Debriefs the students to review the performance emphasising
positive actions and development areas
OB 4.14 Helps the students to develop strategies for improvement to
overcome any gaps in competencies

definition
5. Communication OB 5.1 Listens actively.
Communicate effectively with the students in
verbal, non-verbal and written form OB 5.2 Encourages constructive discussion about the students’
performance
OB 5.3 Speaks clearly, accurately and in a calm and measured manner
OB 5.4 Adjusts speech techniques to suit the operational and/or

instructional situation (e.g. conveys a sense of urgency, speaks calmly)
OB 5.5 Adapts the content of communication to the needs of the
students (e.g. does not overload with too much information)
OB 5.6 Explains complex situations clearly (e.g. traffic situations,
application of procedures, management of emergencies)
OB 5.7 Explains cognitive strategies clearly (e.g. how to analyse
situations, prioritise, select a course of action, distribute attention)
OB 5.8 Interacts and asks questions in a way that does not distract a
student from current tasks
OB 5.9 Asks questions that are valid, relevant and unambiguous
OB 5.9 Delivers difficult messages with tact and sensitivity
OB 5.10 Writes objective and comprehensive reports on the students’

performance, including recommendations for improvement
OB 5.11 Ensures the reports are made in accordance with training
procedures (e.g. formative).
6. Assessment OB 6.1 Gathers factual evidence of the students’ performance against the
Evaluate the performance of the students for objectives
the purposes of enabling learning, monitoring
OB 6.2 Gathers factual evidence for all the required competencies
progress and/or determining whether
competence has been achieved OB 6.3 Evaluates the students’ performance in relation to the
(Note: Assessment does not relate to the competencies and previously set goals and performance standards
current definition inserted in the Regulation,
but to the formative assessments to be OB 6.4 Analyses poor performance to determine underlying reasons,
conducted during the training.) when appropriate
OB 6.5 Determines remedial actions required to address deficiencies in
performance, when appropriate
OB 6.6 Determines whether the evidence gathered supports a decision
that a students is competent
OB 6.7 Applies consistent standards when evaluating performance
7. Collaboration OB 7.1 Gathers relevant information in advance for the purpose of
Collaborate with relevant parties to facilitate a tailoring the training approach and of maximising productivity of the
robust training experience for the students training session (e.g. from the training organisation, human resources
department, previous training reports)
OB 7.2 Co-ordinates with the students and other parties for the purposes
of tailoring the training approach
OB 7.3 Asks for help when a student needs additional support in training,
when required (e.g. from an experienced OJTI or OJTI team, additional
practice on simulator, counselling)

definition
OB 7.4 Contributes information on the students’ progress to the training
team
8. Self-assessment OB 8.1 Remains open to feedback
Improve teaching, instructional and coaching
capabilities through self-assessment OB 8.2 Improves performance based on accurate and balanced feedback
OB 8.3 Improves performance through self-evaluation of the

effectiveness of actions
OB 8.4 Maintains self-control in challenging training situations
OB 8.5 Responds as needed to deal with the demands of challenging

training situations
9. Ethics and integrity OB 9.1 Treats the students respectfully, fairly and objectively
Demonstrate openness, respect and fairness
towards the students, and consider the OB 9.2 Answers questions truthfully without embellishment or attempt
consequences when making a decision or taking to cover up a lack of knowledge
action OB 9.3 Maintains privacy and confidentiality when appropriate
OB 9.4 Manages professional relationships with appropriate role

boundaries
OB 9.5 Acts with integrity
AMC1 ATCO.D.095(a)(1) Training of assessors
REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR ASSESSORS

Competency for assessors and definition Observable behaviours
1. Situational awareness OB 1.1 Understands the current and future operational situation
Comprehend current and future operational
situation and the impact of the OB 1.2 Uses information obtained from monitoring and scanning into the
ATCO’s/student’s performance on the operation overall picture
OB 1.3 Monitors and analyses the impact of the ATCO’s/student’s actions
on the traffic situation, continuously
OB 1.4 Identifies potentially hazardous situations (e.g. separation with
other aircraft, objects, airspace and ground, consequences of adverse
weather, capacity overload, emergency and urgency) including the
ATCO’s/student’s behaviour (e.g. cognitive overload, unsafe actions)
2. Safety management OB 2.1 Prioritises safety above the conduct of the assessment.
Ensure the safety of the operations is
maintained during the assessment OB 2.2 Prioritises safety-related actions above other performance
objectives
OB 2.3 Identifies situations that have the potential to become unsafe
OB 2.4 Monitors the traffic levels, complexity and workload on a position

to verify that the assessment is conducted under normal operational
conditions
OB 2.5 Takes action to ensure that the assessment is conducted under
normal operational conditions

3. Preparation and briefing OB 3.1 Collects information necessary for the regular conduct of the
Obtain information relevant for the assessment (e.g. local rules and procedures, a position, predicted traffic,
assessment, inform the ATCO/student of time, weather situation, equipment status, planned activities in the
expected standards, and check the airspace)
ATCO’s/student’s readiness to perform
OB 3.2 Appreciates the reason for the assessment (e.g. training,
assessment of competence) and the background of the assessed
ATCO/student and prepares accordingly
OB 3.3 Communicates the performance criteria and relevant procedures
prescribed for the assessment
OB 3.4 Establishes a rapport (positive professional relationship) with the
ATCO/student
OB 3.5 Informs the ATCO/student about the expected standards (e.g.
competency units, objectives), conditions (e.g. the position, traffic
levels), the conduct of the assessment (e.g. taking notes, actions in case
of an emergency or an unusual situation.
OB 3.6 Informs the ATCO/student of who is responsible for safety
OB 3.7 Informs the ATCO/student about the right to appeal
OB 3.8 Checks with the ATCO/student whether they are fit for duty and
ready to perform
OB 3.9 Ensures that the ATCO/student is aware of the implications of the
assessment result
OB 3.10 Appreciates the ATCO’s/student’s expectations and opinions and
encourages open communication
4. Assessment OB 4.1 Acts as unobtrusively as possible
Evaluate the ATCO’s/student’s performance to
determine whether the ATCO competence or OB 4.2 Maintains appropriate seating position and proximity to the
required level of performance in training has ATCO/student
been achieved OB 4.3 Collects evidence for all required competencies that can be
reliably attributed to the assessed ATCO/student
OB 4.4 Assesses performance against the defined performance criteria
leading to a decision of the assessment
OB 4.5 Ensures that the assessment is conducted according to the
relevant local operational procedures
OB 4.6 Ensures that real-time notes are taken
OB 4.7 Collects evidence through the use of the appropriate questioning

techniques during the assessment, when required
OB 4.8 Applies consistent standards when assessing performance
5. Decision-making OB 5.1 Uses the notes to reconstruct major occurrences during the
Ensure that the judgements and decisions assessment.
promote objectivity and safety and fully comply
OB 5.2 Maintains impartiality, neutrality and objectivity regardless of the
with the regulations and rules
outcome of decisions
OB 5.5 Ensures discretion and confidentiality and decides what
information can be disclosed and when

OB 5.6 Seeks advice if unsure prior to making difficult and sensitive
decisions
OB 5.7 Takes into account the existing rules and operating procedures
when determining the assessment result
6. Debriefing OB 6.1 Provides comprehensive debrief to review the performance
Provide objective feedback on student/ ATCO against the performance criteria/objectives, emphasising positive
performance actions, areas to work on and strategies for improvement
OB 6.2 Recognises and responds appropriately to the behaviour of the
assessed ATCO/student (e.g. stress, under confidence, over-confidence)
OB 6.3 Informs the assessed ATCO/student of the assessment result
clearly and unambiguously
7. Communication OB 7.1 Listens actively during the full process of assessment
Communication techniques to effectively
communicate verbally, non-verbally and in OB 7.2 Speaks clearly, accurately and in a calm and measured manner
written form OB 7.3 Adjusts speech techniques (use of voice modulation) to suit the
situation
OB 7.4 Adapts the content of the communication to the person under
assessment (e.g. does not overload or confuse)
OB 7.5 Explains in a clear manner complex situations (e.g. traffic
situations, application of procedures, management of emergencies plan,
prioritisation)
OB 7.6 Asks questions that are valid, relevant and unambiguous
OB 7.7 Delivers difficult messages with tact and sensitivity
OB 7.8 Ensures the reports are written objectively and comprehensively
with integrity and confidentiality
OB 7.9 Ensures that the reports are complete including all facts that are
relevant for decision-making
8.Collaboration and Teamwork OB 8.1 Treats the assessed person respectfully, fairly and objectively
Integrate as a functional team member and
collaborate with the aim of conducting the OB 8.2 Shows respect, tolerance for other people involved in the conduct
assessment of the assessment
9.Self-assessment and Continuous OB 9.1 Responds objectively to both positive and negative feedback
development
Demonstrate personal attributes that improve OB 9.2 Improves performance through self-evaluation of the
performance, maintain self-awareness and effectiveness of actions
active involvement in learning and self- OB 9.3 Takes responsibility for own actions and self-corrects own errors.
development
OB 9.4 Maintains self-control in challenging situations
10.Ethics and integrity OB 10.1 Evaluates gathered evidence for its relevance, validity, reliability,
Demonstrate openness, respect and fairness sufficiency and authenticity and ensures appropriate secure storage
towards colleagues and students and consider
OB 10.2 Answers questions honestly without covering up a lack of
the consequences of actions
knowledge
OB 10.3 Maintains privacy and confidentiality
OB 10.4 Acts with objectivity and professional integrity
AMC2 ATCO.D.090(a)(1) Training of practical instructors
ASSESSMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR PRACTICAL INSTRUCTORS
A successful assessment of instructional techniques for practical instructors should establish

competence at least in the following areas:
(a) regulatory impact on air traffic controller training;
(b) human factors impact on air traffic controller training;
(c) determination of the background and experience of the person undertaking training;
(d) determination of the current level of ability of the person undertaking training;
(e) conduct of a pre-session briefing;
(f) planning and conduct of the training session;
(g) demonstration and explanation of the tasks;
(h) monitoring of the training session;
(i) management of interventions correctly, including error correction;
(j) evaluation of the performance of the person undertaking training;
(k) debrief of the person undertaking training;
(l) furnishing of written reports on the performance of the person undertaking training;
(m) taking appropriate follow-up action towards resolving training problems;
(n) techniques of pausing clocks; and
(o) knowledge of technical facilities/environment.
AMC1 ATCO.D.095(a)(1) Training of assessors
ASSESSOR TRAINING COURSE

A successful assessment for the purpose of the assessor training course should establish competence
at least in the following areas of assessment knowledge and techniques:
(a) regulatory environment and legal obligations;
(b) types of assessment and their application;
(c) performance objectives constituting air traffic controller competence;
(d) conditions of assessments to create reliable results;
(e) processing of assessments and administrative procedures;
(f) giving verbal feedback and writing assessment reports;
(g) vested interests and code of conduct;
(h) accurately assessing competence against the performance objectives;
(i) developing a good questioning technique and designing questions appropriate to the
assessment.
Rationale — ATCO.D.087, AMC2 ATCO.D.090(a)(1), AMC1 ATCO.D.095(a)(1)

The changes proposed in this section are the first substantial changes to introduce the concept of
the CBTA for the instructors’ and assessor’s training. This led to the introduction of ATCO.D.087 and
subsequent AMC material to introduce the CBTA principles for the instructors and assessors and to
propose the competencies and observable behaviours similar to the ATCO training from ICAO Doc
9868. Additionally, AMC2 ATCO.D.090(a)(1) and AMC1 ATCO.D.095(a)(1) have been replaced.
APPENDIX 2 OF ANNEX I
BASIC TRAINING
(Reference: Annex I — Annex I (Part ATCO), Subpart D, Section 2, point ATCO.D.010(a)(1))
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC INTRB 1 - COURSE MANAGEMENT
Subtopic INTRB 1.1 - Course introduction
Subtopic INTRB 1.2 - Course administration
Subtopic INTRB 1.3 - Study material and training documentation
TOPIC INTRB 2 - INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE
Subtopic INTRB 2.1 - Course content, methodology and organisation
Subtopic INTRB 2.2 - Training ethos
Subtopic INTRB 2.3 - Assessment process
TOPIC INTRB 3 - INTRODUCTION TO THE ATCO’S FUTURE
Subtopic INTRB 3.1 - Job prospects

TOPIC LAWB 1 - INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION LAW
Subtopic LAWB 1.1 - Relevance of aviation law
TOPIC LAWB 2 - INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
Subtopic LAWB 2.1 - ICAO
Subtopic LAWB 2.2 - European and other agencies

Subtopic LAWB 2.3 - Aviation associations
TOPIC LAWB 3 - NATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
Subtopic LAWB 3.1 - National authorities
Subtopic LAWB 3.2 - National legislative procedures
Subtopic LAWB 3.3 - Competent authority
Subtopic LAWB 3.4 - National aviation associations
TOPIC LAWB 4 - ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Subtopic LAWB 4.1 - Safety regulation
Subtopic LAWB 4.2 - Safety management system
TOPIC LAWB 5 - RULES AND REGULATIONS
Subtopic LAWB 5.1 - Units of measurement
Subtopic LAWB 5.2 - ATCO licensing/certification
Subtopic LAWB 5.3 - Overview of ANS
Subtopic LAWB 5.4 - Overview of ATS
Subtopic LAWB 5.5 - Overview of aeronautical information management (AIM)
Subtopic LAWB 5.6 - Rules of the air
Subtopic LAWB 5.7 - Airspace and ATS routes
Subtopic LAWB 5.8 - Flight plan
Subtopic LAWB 5.9 - Aerodromes
Subtopic LAWB 5.10 - Holding procedures for IFR flights
Subtopic LAWB 5.11 - Holding procedures for VFR flights

TOPIC ATMB 1 - AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Subtopic ATMB 1.1 - Application of units of measurement
Subtopic ATMB 1.2 - Air traffic control (ATC) service
Subtopic ATMB 1.3 - Flight information service (FIS)
Subtopic ATMB 1.4 - Alerting service
Subtopic ATMB 1.5 - Air traffic advisory service
Subtopic ATMB 1.6 - ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management
Subtopic ATMB 1.7 - Airspace management (ASM)
TOPIC ATMB 2 - ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION
Subtopic ATMB 2.1 - Altimetry

Subtopic ATMB 2.2 - Transition level
Subtopic ATMB 2.3 - Level allocation
TOPIC ATMB 3 - RADIOTELEPHONY (RTF)
Subtopic ATMB 3.1 - RTF general operating procedures
TOPIC ATMB 4 - ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS
Subtopic ATMB 4.1 - Type and content of ATC clearances
Subtopic ATMB 4.2 - ATC instructions
TOPIC ATMB 5 - COORDINATION
Subtopic ATMB 5.1 - Principles, types and content of coordination
Subtopic ATMB 5.2 - Necessity for coordination
Subtopic ATMB 5.3 - Means of coordination
TOPIC ATMB 6 - DATA DISPLAY
Subtopic ATMB 6.1 - Data extraction
Subtopic ATMB 6.2 - Data management
TOPIC ATMB 7 - SEPARATIONS
Subtopic ATMB 7.1 - Vertical separation and procedures
Subtopic ATMB 7.2 - Horizontal separation and procedures
Subtopic ATMB 7.3 - Visual separation
Subtopic ATMB 7.4 - Aerodrome separation and procedures
Subtopic ATMB 7.5 - Separation based on ATS surveillance systems
Subtopic ATMB 7.6 - Wake turbulence separation
TOPIC ATMB 8 - AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS
Subtopic ATMB 8.1 - Airborne safety nets
Subtopic ATMB 8.2 - Ground-based safety nets
TOPIC ATMB 9 - BASIC PRACTICAL SKILLS
Subtopic ATMB 9.1 - Traffic management process
Subtopic ATMB 9.2 - Basic practical skills applicable to all ratings
Subtopic ATMB 9.3 - Basic practical skills applicable to aerodrome
Subtopic ATMB 9.4 - Basic practical skills applicable to surveillance
TOPIC METB 1 - INTRODUCTION TO METEOROLOGY
Subtopic METB 1.1 - Application of units of measurement

Subtopic METB 1.2 - Aviation and meteorology
Subtopic METB 1.3 - Organisation of meteorological service
TOPIC METB 2 - ATMOSPHERE
Subtopic METB 2.1 - Composition and structure
Subtopic METB 2.2 - Standard atmosphere
Subtopic METB 2.3 - Heat and temperature
Subtopic METB 2.4 - Water in the atmosphere
Subtopic METB 2.5 - Air pressure
TOPIC METB 3 - ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
Subtopic METB 3.1 - General air circulation
Subtopic METB 3.2 - Air masses and frontal systems
Subtopic METB 3.3 - Mesoscale systems
Subtopic METB 3.4 - Wind
TOPIC METB 4 - METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA
Subtopic METB 4.1 - Clouds
Subtopic METB 4.2 - Types of precipitation
Subtopic METB 4.3 - Visibility
Subtopic METB 4.4 - Meteorological hazards
TOPIC METB 5 - METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION FOR AVIATION
Subtopic METB 5.1 - Messages and reports
TOPIC NAVB 1 - INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION
Subtopic NAVB 1.1 - Application of units of measurement
Subtopic NAVB 1.2 - Purpose and use of navigation
TOPIC NAVB 2 - THE EARTH
Subtopic NAVB 2.1 - Place and movement of the Earth
Subtopic NAVB 2.2 - System of coordinates, direction and distance
Subtopic NAVB 2.3 - Magnetism
TOPIC NAVB 3 - MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
Subtopic NAVB 3.1 - Maps and charts used in aviation
TOPIC NAVB 4 - NAVIGATIONAL BASICS
Subtopic NAVB 4.1 - Influence of wind

Subtopic NAVB 4.2 - Speed
Subtopic NAVB 4.3 - Visual navigation
Subtopic NAVB 4.4 - Navigational aspects of flight planning
TOPIC NAVB 5 - INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION
Subtopic NAVB 5.1 - Ground-based systems
Subtopic NAVB 5.2 - Inertial navigation systems
Subtopic NAVB 5.3 - Satellite-based systems
Subtopic NAVB 5.4 - Instrument approach procedures
TOPIC NAVB 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION
Subtopic NAVB 6.1 - Principles and benefits of area navigation
Subtopic NAVB 6.2 - Introduction to PBN
Subtopic NAVB 6.3 - PBN applications
TOPIC NAVB 7 - DEVELOPMENTS IN NAVIGATION
Subtopic NAVB 7.1 - Future developments
SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT
TOPIC ACFTB 1 - INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT
Subtopic ACFTB 1.1 - Application of units of measurement
Subtopic ACFTB 1.2 - Aviation and aircraft
TOPIC ACFTB 2 - PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT
Subtopic ACFTB 2.1 - Forces acting on aircraft
Subtopic ACFTB 2.2 - Structural components and control of an aircraft
Subtopic ACFTB 2.3 - Flight envelope
TOPIC ACFTB 3 - AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES
Subtopic ACFTB 3.1 - Aircraft categories
Subtopic ACFTB 3.2 - Wake turbulence categories
Subtopic ACFTB 3.3 - ICAO approach categories
Subtopic ACFTB 3.4 - Environmental categories
TOPIC ACFTB 4 - AIRCRAFT DATA
Subtopic ACFTB 4.1 - Recognition
Subtopic ACFTB 4.2 - Performance data
TOPIC ACFTB 5 - AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Subtopic ACFTB 5.1 - Piston engines

Subtopic ACFTB 5.2 - Jet engines
Subtopic ACFTB 5.3 - Turboprop engines
Subtopic ACFTB 5.4 - Electric engines
Subtopic ACFTB 5.5 - Sources of energy used in aviation
TOPIC ACFTB 6 - AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS
Subtopic ACFTB 6.1 - Flight instruments
Subtopic ACFTB 6.2 - Navigational instruments
Subtopic ACFTB 6.3 - Engine instruments
Subtopic ACFTB 6.4 - Aircraft elements and systems
TOPIC ACFTB 7 - FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE
Subtopic ACFTB 7.1 - Take-off factors
Subtopic ACFTB 7.2 - Climb factors
Subtopic ACFTB 7.3 - Cruise factors
Subtopic ACFTB 7.4 - Descent and initial approach factors
Subtopic ACFTB 7.5 - Final approach and landing factors
Subtopic ACFTB 7.6 - Economic factors
Subtopic ACFTB 7.7 - Environmental factors

TOPIC HUMB 1 - INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PERFORMANCE
Subtopic HUMB 1.1 - Relevance of human factors for ATC
TOPIC HUMB 2 – HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Subtopic HUMB 2.1 – Fitness for duty
Subtopic HUMB 2.2 – Stress and fatigue
Subtopic HUMB 2.3 – Substance use and responsibility
TOPIC HUMB 3 - HUMAN PERFORMANCE
Subtopic HUMB 3.1 - Individual behaviour
Subtopic HUMB 3.2 - Safety culture and professional conduct
TOPIC HUMB 4 – HUMAN ERROR
Subtopic HUMB 4.1 - Definition of human error
Subtopic HUMB 4.2 - Classification of human error
TOPIC HUMB 5 – TEAMWORK
Subtopic HUMB 5.1 – Teamwork and team roles

TOPIC HUMB 6 - COMMUNICATION
Subtopic HUMB 6.1 - Communication in ATC
Subtopic HUMB 6.2 - Communication modes

TOPIC EQPSB 1 - ATC EQUIPMENT
Subtopic EQPSB 1.1 - Main types of ATC equipment
TOPIC EQPSB 2 - RADIO
Subtopic EQPSB 2.1 - Radio theory
Subtopic EQPSB 2.2 - Direction finding
TOPIC EQPSB 3 - COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Subtopic EQPSB 3.1 - Radio communications
Subtopic EQPSB 3.2 - Voice communication between ATS units/positions and others
Subtopic EQPSB 3.3 - Data link communications
Subtopic EQPSB 3.4 - Airline communications
TOPIC EQPSB 4 - INTRODUCTION TO SURVEILLANCE
Subtopic EQPSB 4.1 - Surveillance concept in ATS
TOPIC EQPSB 5 - RADAR
Subtopic EQPSB 5.1 - Principles of radar
Subtopic EQPSB 5.2 - Primary radar
Subtopic EQPSB 5.3 - Secondary radar
Subtopic EQPSB 5.4 - Use of radars
TOPIC EQPSB 6 - AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE
Subtopic EQPSB 6.1 - Principles of automatic dependent surveillance
Subtopic EQPSB 6.2 - Use of automatic dependent surveillance
TOPIC EQPSB 7 - MULTILATERATION
Subtopic EQPSB 7.1 - Principles of multilateration
Subtopic EQPSB 7.2 - Use of multilateration
TOPIC EQPSB 8 - DATA PROCESSING
Subtopic EQPSB 8.1 - Surveillance data networking
Subtopic EQPSB 8.2 - Working principles of surveillance data networking
Subtopic EQPSB 8.3 – Flight data processing
TOPIC EQPSB 9 - FUTURE EQUIPMENT

Subtopic EQPSB 9.1 - New developments
TOPIC EQPSB 10 - AUTOMATION IN ATS
Subtopic EQPSB 10.1 - Principles of automation
Subtopic EQPSB 10.2 - Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)
Subtopic EQPSB 10.3 - Online data interchange
Subtopic EQPSB 10.4 - Systems used for the automatic dissemination of information
TOPIC EQPSB 11 - WORKING POSITIONS
Subtopic EQPSB 11.1 - Working position equipment
Subtopic EQPSB 11.2 - Aerodrome control
Subtopic EQPSB 11.3 - Approach control
Subtopic EQPSB 11.4 - Area control

TOPIC PENB 1 - FAMILIARISATION
Subtopic PENB 1.1 - ATS and aerodrome facilities
TOPIC PENB 2 - AIRSPACE USERS
Subtopic PENB 2.1 - Civil aviation
Subtopic PENB 2.2 - Military aviation
Subtopic PENB 2.3 - Expectations and requirements of pilots
TOPIC PENB 3 - CUSTOMER RELATIONS
Subtopic PENB 3.1 - ATS as a service provider
TOPIC PENB 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Subtopic PENB 4.1 - Environmental protection;
AERODROME CONTROL RATING (ADC)

(Reference: Annex I (PART ATCO), Subpart D, Section 2, point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i))
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC INTR 1 - COURSE MANAGEMENT
Subtopic INTR 1.1 - Course introduction
Subtopic INTR 1.2 - Course administration
Subtopic INTR 1.3 - Study material and training documentation
TOPIC INTR 2 - INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE
Subtopic INTR 2.1 - Course content and organisation
Subtopic INTR 2.2 - Training ethos
Subtopic INTR 2.3 - Assessment process

TOPIC LAW 1 - ATCO LICENSING/CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE
Subtopic LAW 1.1 - Privileges and conditions
TOPIC LAW 2 - RULES AND REGULATIONS
Subtopic LAW 2.1 - Reports
Subtopic LAW 2.2 - Airspace
TOPIC LAW 3 - ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Subtopic LAW 3.1 - Feedback process
Subtopic LAW 3.2 - Safety investigation
TOPIC ATM 1 - PROVISION OF SERVICES

Subtopic ATM 1.1 - Aerodrome control service
Subtopic ATM 1.2 - Flight information service (FIS)
Subtopic ATM 1.3 - Alerting service (ALRS)
Subtopic ATM 1.4 - ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management
TOPIC ATM 2 - COMMUNICATION
Subtopic ATM 2.1 - Effective communication
TOPIC ATM 3 - ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS
Subtopic ATM 3.1 - ATC clearances
Subtopic ATM 3.2 - ATC instructions
TOPIC ATM 4 - COORDINATION
Subtopic ATM 4.1 - Necessity for coordination
Subtopic ATM 4.2 - Tools and methods for coordination
Subtopic ATM 4.3 - Coordination procedures
TOPIC ATM 5 - ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION
Subtopic ATM 5.1 - Altimetry
Subtopic ATM 5.2 - Terrain clearance
TOPIC ATM 6 - SEPARATIONS
Subtopic ATM 6.1 - Separation between departing aircraft
Subtopic ATM 6.2 - Separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft
Subtopic ATM 6.3 - Separation of landing aircraft and preceding landing or departing aircraft
Subtopic ATM 6.4 - Time-based wake turbulence longitudinal separation
Subtopic ATM 6.5 - Reduced separation minima
TOPIC ATM 7 - AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS
Subtopic ATM 7.1 - Airborne safety nets
Subtopic ATM 7.2 - Ground-based safety nets
TOPIC ATM 8 - DATA DISPLAY
Subtopic ATM 8.1 - Data management
TOPIC ATM 9 - OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED)
Subtopic ATM 9.1 - Integrity of the operational environment
Subtopic ATM 9.2 - Verification of the currency of operational procedures
Subtopic ATM 9.3 - Handover-takeover
TOPIC ATM 10 - PROVISION OF AN AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE

Subtopic ATM 10.1 - Responsibility for the provision
Subtopic ATM 10.2 - Traffic management process
Subtopic ATM 10.3 - Aeronautical ground lights
Subtopic ATM 10.4 - Information to aircraft by the aerodrome control tower
Subtopic ATM 10.5 - Control of aerodrome traffic
Subtopic ATM 10.6 - Control of airborne traffic
Subtopic ATM 10.7 - Runway in use
Subtopic ATM 10.8 - Departing traffic
Subtopic ATM 10.9 - Arriving traffic
Subtopic ATM 10.10 - Special VFR operations
Subtopic ATM 10.11 - Low-visibility operations
Subtopic ATM 10.12 - Aerodrome control service with advanced system support
TOPIC MET 1 - METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA
Subtopic MET 1.1 - Meteorological phenomena
TOPIC MET 2 - SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Subtopic MET 2.1 - Meteorological instruments
Subtopic MET 2.2 - Other sources of meteorological data
TOPIC NAV 1 - MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
Subtopic NAV 1.1 - Maps and charts
TOPIC NAV 2 - INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION
Subtopic NAV 2.1 - Navigational systems
Subtopic NAV 2.2 - Stabilised approach
Subtopic NAV 2.3 - Instrument departures and arrivals
Subtopic NAV 2.4 - Satellite-based systems
Subtopic NAV 2.5 - PBN applications
SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT
TOPIC ACFT 1 - AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS
Subtopic ACFT 1.1 - Aircraft instruments
TOPIC ACFT 2 - AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES
Subtopic ACFT 2.1 - Wake turbulence
Subtopic ACFT 2.2 - Application of ICAO approach categories
TOPIC ACFT 3 - FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE
Subtopic ACFT 3.1 - Take-off factors
Subtopic ACFT 3.2 - Climb factors
Subtopic ACFT 3.3 - Final approach and landing factors
Subtopic ACFT 3.4 - Economic factors
Subtopic ACFT 3.5 - Environmental factors
TOPIC ACFT 4 - AIRCRAFT DATA
Subtopic ACFT 4.1 - Recognition of aircraft types
Subtopic ACFT 4.2 - Performance data

TOPIC HUM 1 – INFORMATION PROCESSING
Subtopic HUM 1.1 – Cognition and factors influencing it
Subtopic HUM 1.2 – Situational awareness
Subtopic HUM 1.3 – Decision-making
TOPIC HUM 2 - FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Subtopic HUM 2.1 - Fatigue
Subtopic HUM 2.2 – Stress
TOPIC HUM 3 – THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT
Subtopic HUM 3.1 – Threat and error management framework
Subtopic HUM 3.2 – Applied threat and error management
TOPIC HUM 4 – TEAMWORK
Subtopic HUM 4.1 – Benefits of teamwork
Subtopic HUM 4.2 – Conflict management
TOPIC HUM 5 – SYSTEM
Subtopic HUM 5.1 – Concept of systems in ATM/ANS
TOPIC HUM 6 – COMMUNICATION

Subtopic HUM 6.1 – Effective communication
Subtopic HUM 6.2 – Effective feedback

TOPIC EQPS 1 - VOICE COMMUNICATIONS
Subtopic EQPS 1.1 - Radio communications
Subtopic EQPS 1.2 - Other voice communications
TOPIC EQPS 2 - AUTOMATION IN ATS
Subtopic EQPS 2.1 - Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)
Subtopic EQPS 2.2 - Automatic data interchange
TOPIC EQPS 3 - CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION
Subtopic EQPS 3.1 - Operation and monitoring of equipment
Subtopic EQPS 3.2 - Situation displays and information systems
Subtopic EQPS 3.3 - Flight data systems
TOPIC EQPS 4 - FUTURE EQUIPMENT
Subtopic EQPS 4.1 - New developments
TOPIC EQPS 5 - EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION
Subtopic EQPS 5.1 - Reaction to limitations
Subtopic EQPS 5.2 - Communication equipment degradation
Subtopic EQPS 5.3 - Navigational equipment degradation

TOPIC PEN 1 - FAMILIARISATION
Subtopic PEN 1.1 - Study visit to an aerodrome
TOPIC PEN 2 - AIRSPACE USERS
Subtopic PEN 2.1 - Contributors to civil ATS operations
Subtopic PEN 2.2 - Contributors to military ATS operations
TOPIC PEN 3 - CUSTOMER RELATIONS
Subtopic PEN 3.1 - Provision of services and user requirements
TOPIC PEN 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Subtopic PEN 4.1 - Environmental protection

TOPIC ABES 1 - ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES)
Subtopic ABES 1.1 - Overview of ABES
TOPIC ABES 2 - SKILLS IMPROVEMENT
Subtopic ABES 2.1 - Communication effectiveness
Subtopic ABES 2.2 - Avoidance of mental overload
Subtopic ABES 2.3 - Air-ground cooperation
TOPIC ABES 3 - PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Subtopic ABES 3.1 - Application of procedures for ABES
Subtopic ABES 3.2 - Radio failure
Subtopic ABES 3.3 - Unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threat
Subtopic ABES 3.4 - Strayed or unidentified aircraft
Subtopic ABES 3.5 - Runway incursion
Subtopic ABES 3.6 - Interception of civil aircraft

TOPIC AGA 1 - AERODROME DATA, LAYOUT AND COORDINATION
Subtopic AGA 1.1 - Definitions
Subtopic AGA 1.2 - Coordination
TOPIC AGA 2 - MOVEMENT AREA
Subtopic AGA 2.1 - Movement area
Subtopic AGA 2.2 - Manoeuvring area
Subtopic AGA 2.3 - Runways
TOPIC AGA 3 - OBSTACLES
Subtopic AGA 3.1 - Obstacle-free airspace around aerodromes
TOPIC AGA 4 - MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
Subtopic AGA 4.1 – Location
APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (APP)

(Reference: Annex I (PART ATCO), Subpart D, Section 2, point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii))
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT



Subtopic ATM 1.1 - Air traffic control (ATC) service
Subtopic ATM 1.5 - Airspace management (ASM)
Subtopic ATM 6.1 - Vertical separation
Subtopic ATM 6.2 - Horizontal separation
Subtopic ATM 6.3 - Delegation of separation
TOPIC ATM 7 - AIRBORNE SAFETY NETS
TOPIC ATM 10 - PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE
Subtopic ATM 10.1 - Responsibility and processing of information

Subtopic ATM 10.2 - Approach control
Subtopic ATM 10.4 - Handling traffic
TOPIC ATM 11 - HOLDING
Subtopic ATM 11.1 - General holding procedures
Subtopic ATM 11.2 - Approaching aircraft
Subtopic MET 2.1 - Sources of meteorological information
Subtopic NAV 2.4 - Navigational assistance
SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT

Subtopic ACFT 3.2 - Cruise factors
Subtopic ACFT 3.3 - Descent and initial approach factors

TOPIC HUM 6 - COMMUNICATION



Subtopic PEN 1.1 - Study visit to an approach control unit

Subtopic ABES 2.3 – Air-ground cooperation

Subtopic ABES 3.5 – Diversions
Subtopic ABES 3.6 – Interception of civil aircraft

Subtopic AGA 4.1 - Location
AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (ACP)

(Reference: Annex I (PART ATCO), Subpart D, Section 2, point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii))
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT



Subtopic ATM 6.2 - Horizontal separation
TOPIC ATM 7 - AIRBORNE SAFETY NETS
Subtopic ATM 10.2 - Area control
Subtopic ATM 11.2 - Holding aircraft

SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT
Subtopic ACFT 3.3 - Descent factors





Subtopic PEN 1.1 - Study visit to an area control centre

Subtopic ABES 2.3 - Air-ground cooperation
Subtopic ABES 3.5 – Diversions
APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (APS)

(Reference: Annex I (PART ATCO), Subpart D, Section 2, point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv))
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT




Subtopic ATM 6.2 - Longitudinal separation in a surveillance environment
Subtopic ATM 6.3 - Delegation of separation
Subtopic ATM 6.4 - Wake turbulence distance-based separation
Subtopic ATM 6.5 - Separation based on ATS surveillance systems

Subtopic ATM 10.2 - ATS surveillance service
Subtopic ATM 10.5 - Control service with advanced system support
Subtopic ATM 11.2 - Approaching aircraft
Subtopic ATM 11.3 - Holding in a surveillance environment
TOPIC ATM 12 - IDENTIFICATION
Subtopic ATM 12.1 - Establishment of identification
Subtopic ATM 12.2 - Maintenance of identification
Subtopic ATM 12.3 - Loss of identity
Subtopic ATM 12.4 - Position information
Subtopic ATM 12.5 - Transfer of identity
SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT
Subtopic ACFT 3.3 - Descent and initial approach factors


Subtopic HUM 4.2 - Conflict management
TOPIC HUM 5 - SYSTEM

Subtopic EQPS 3.4 - Use of ATS surveillance system
Subtopic EQPS 3.5 - Advanced systems

Subtopic EQPS 5.4 - Surveillance equipment degradation
Subtopic EQPS 5.5 - ATC processing system degradation
SUBJECT 9 : PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Subtopic PEN 1.1 - Study visit to an approach control unit

Subtopic ABES 3.5 - Diversions
Subtopic ABES 3.6 - Transponder failure

Subtopic AGA 4.1 – Location
AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (ACS)

(Reference: Annex I (PART ATCO), Subpart D, Section 2, point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v))
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT




Subtopic ATM 6.2 - Longitudinal separation in a surveillance environment
Subtopic ATM 6.3 - Wake turbulence distance-based separation
Subtopic ATM 6.4 - Separation based on ATS surveillance systems
Subtopic ATM 10.2 - ATS surveillance service
Subtopic ATM 10.5 - Control service with advanced system support
Subtopic ATM 11.2 - Holding aircraft
Subtopic ATM 11.3 - Holding in a surveillance environment
TOPIC ATM 12 - IDENTIFICATION
Subtopic ATM 12.1 - Establishment of identification
Subtopic ATM 12.2 - Maintenance of identification
Subtopic ATM 12.3 - Loss of identity
Subtopic ATM 12.4 - Position information

Subtopic ATM 12.5 - Transfer of identity
SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT
Subtopic ACFT 3.3 - Descent factors

TOPIC HUM 6 –COMMUNICATION

Subtopic EQPS 3.4 - Use of ATS surveillance system
Subtopic EQPS 3.5 - Advanced systems

Subtopic EQPS 5.4 - Surveillance equipment degradation
Subtopic EQPS 5.5 - ATC processing system degradation

Subtopic PEN 1.1 - Study visit to an area control centre

Subtopic ABES 3.5 - Diversions

Subtopic ABES 3.6 - Transponder failure
Rationale Appendices 2-7 to Annex I

The Appendices have been removed because all subjects are now included in ATCO.D.010. The topics
and subtopics have been moved to AMC to allow faster updating of the initial training content in
accordance with the changes in the operational environment.
ANNEX III – PART ATCO.OR – REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR

TRAFFIC CONTROLLER TRAINING ORGANISATIONS
AND AERO-MEDICAL CENTRES
SUBPART C – MANAGEMENT OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER
TRAINING ORGANISATIONS
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.001(d) Management system of training

organisations
PERSONNEL
A training organisation should demonstrate that:
(a) a list of activities with relevant needed competence has been established;
(b) their personnel have the relevant competence needed to fulfil the activities they are required
to perform;
(c) their personnel maintain a level of competence through training as appropriate;
(d) their theoretical and practical instructors are qualified in accordance with Part ATCO, Subpart C
of this Regulation;
(e) their practical instructors either hold an OJTI endorsement or an STDI endorsement;
(f) their assessors hold an assessor endorsement; and
(g) their synthetic training device instructors and assessors demonstrate knowledge of and receive
refresher training in current operational practices. knowledge on the current operational
practices is ensured for their synthetic training device instructors and assessors if they are not
holders of an ATCO licence with a valid unit endorsement.
ATCO.OR.C.015 Facilities and equipment
(a) Training organisations shall have facilities allowing the performance and management of all
planned tasks and activities in accordance with this Regulation.
(b) The training organisation shall ensure that the synthetic training devices comply with the
applicable specifications and requirements appropriate to the task type of training provided
relevant to the rating and/or endorsement and are approved by the competent authority.
(c) During on-the-job training instruction, the training organisation shall ensure that the instructor
has exactly the same information as the person undertaking OJT and the means to intervene
immediately.
Rationale – ATCO.OR.C.015
The proposed amendment is to clarify that the STDs specifications and requirements shall be relevant
to the type of training (initial training, unit training, etc.) and to the rating or, in the case of instructor
and assessor training, to the endorsement.
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.015(a) Facilities and equipment
(a) General areas

A training organisation should have access to facilities that are appropriate to the size and scope
of the intended operations and training delivery, and provided in an environment conducive to
learning.
(b) Training areas
For training organisations providing theoretical training, the facilities should also include
sufficient suitably equipped classroom areas.
GM1 ATCO.OR.C.015(a) Facilities and equipment

(a) General areas
These facilities should include general areas, which consist of sufficient:
(1) office space for managerial and administrative as well as training staff;
(2) rooms space for study and testing, briefing, and debriefing;
(3) (digital) library facilities; and
(4) storage areas, including secure (digital) areas for training and personnel records.; and
(5) suitably equipped space for practical training.
(b) Training areas
For training organisations providing practical training, the facilities should also include
sufficient:
(1) rooms for briefing and debriefing; and
(2) suitably equipped rooms for practical training.
Rationale – AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.015(a) and GM1 ATCO.OR.C.015(a)
The proposed amendment is to provide more flexibility for the training organisations.
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.015(b) Facilities and equipment

SPECIFICATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC TRAINING DEVICES
(a) Synthetic training devices classifications

Synthetic training devices used for training should be classified according to one of the following
classifications:
(1) high-fidelity simulator (HI FI SIM)
A replica of controller working positions (CWPs) including all equipment (hardware,
software and connectivity) enabling full functioning/interaction of the CWP and their
environment. In the case of aerodrome training (ADC), it includes an out-of-the-tower
view.
(1) (2) simulator (SIM);
A device which presents the trainee with important features of the real situation and
reproduces operational conditions which enable the trainee to practise real-time tasks
directly.
(2) (3) part-task trainer (PTT).
A training device which allows the trainee to practise operational functions
independently from other functions.
The table below indicates the best usage for synthetic training devices
Initial Unit Continuation training Instructors and
training training (standard, emergency + assessors training
ABES, TRM, conversion
HI FI SIM x x
SIM x x x x
PTT x x
(b) Synthetic training device (STD) criteria

If an STD is used for training, it should be approved by the competent authority according to its
possible usage. as part of the course approval process for any training plan. Training
organisations should demonstrate how the STD will provide adequate support for the intended
training, in particular, how the STD will meet the stated objectives of the practical training
exercises and enable the performance objectives to be evaluated assessed to the level
determined in the training programme.
This demonstration and the related documentation should include the following relevant
criteria:
(1) the general environment, which should provide an environment in which STD exercises
may be run without undue interference from unrelated activities;
(2) the STD layout;
(3) the equipment provided;
(4) the display presentation, functionality, and updating of operational information;
(5) data displays, including strip displays, where appropriate;

(6) coordination facilities;
(7) aircraft performance characteristics, including the availability of manoeuvres, e.g.
holding or instrumental landing system (ILS) operation, required for a particular
simulation;
(8) the availability of real-time changes during an exercise;
(9) the processes by which the training organisation can be assured that staff associated with
the training conducted with the use of an STD are competent;
(10) the degree of realism of any voice recognition system associated with the STD; and
(11) where a simulator is an integral part of an operational ATC system, the processes by
which the training organisation is assured that interference between the simulated and
operational environments is prevented.
The extent to which the STD achieves the above criteria will be used to determine the
adequacy of the STD for the proposed use. As a general principle, the greater the degree
of replication of the operational position being represented, the greater the use will be
possible for any particular training.
(c) STD used for pre-on-the-job training
When an STD is used for pre-on-the-job training and the training time is counted as part of the
operational training, the STD classification should be a high-fidelity simulator a full-size replica
of a working position, including all equipment, and computer programmes necessary to
represent the full tasks associated with that position, including realistic wind at all levels to
facilitate SRA.
In the case of a working position at a tower unit, it includes an out-of-the-tower view.
Rationale – AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.015(b)

The proposed classification of synthetic training devices aligns with the Eurocontrol document
‘Simulations Facilities for Air Traffic Control Training’, Edition 1.0, dated 15 March 200014,
HUM.ET1.ST07.3000-REP-02.
Deleting the reference to pre-on-the-job training is to enable crediting of training hours accomplished
on a synthetic training device and thus to provide more flexibility to the training organisations.
AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.020(a);(b) Record keeping
Training organisations should maintain the following records:

(a) Records of persons undertaking training:
14 32916.pdf (skybrary.aero)
(1) personal information;

(2) details of training received including the starting date of the training, as well as the results
of the examinations, evaluations and assessments;
(3) detailed and regular progress report forms;
(4) certificate of completion of training courses.
(b) Records of instructors and assessors:
(1) personal information;
(2) qualification records;
(3) records of refresher training for instructors and assessors;
(4) assessment reports;
(5) instructional and/or assessment time records on time spent instructing, evaluating
and/or assessing.
Training organisations should submit training records and reports to the competent authority
as required.
ATCO.OR.D.001 Requirements for training courses and training

plans
Training organisations shall develop:

(a) training plans and training courses associated with to the type(s) of training provided in
accordance with the requirements set out in Annex I (Part ATCO), Subpart D;
(b) subjects, topics and subtopics for rating endorsements in accordance with the requirements
laid down in Annex I (Part ATCO);
(c) methods of assessment, evaluation and examination. assessments in accordance with
ATCO.D.090(a)(3) and ATCO.D.095(a)(3).
AMC1 ATCO.OR.D.001 Requirements for training courses and

training plans
CONTENT FOR TRAINING COURSES AND TRAINING PLANS
When training courses and plans are developed, the training organisations should ensure that the
ways of conducting the training are suitable for meeting the training objectives. The following points
(non-exhaustive list) should be taken into consideration:
(a) The planned way of conducting a course or elements thereof meet the
taxonomy/performance/competence requirements of the training objectives.
(b) Training aids (hardware, software and connectivity) are specified and available whenever
required for the chosen type of conduct.
(c) When STDs are used for distance learning, it has to be ensured that the training objectives are
met without on-site personal guidance.
(d) The training material and referenced bibliography should be made available to all students.
(e) Data protection, protection of intellectual property as well as information security
requirements are met.
(f) Appropriate procedures are established to ensure the integrity of evaluations.
GM1 ATCO.OR.D.001 Requirements for training courses and

training plans
A training organisation that intends to provide remote learning should:
(a) ensure that the hardware, software and connectivity are suitable for the training;
(b) continuously monitor attendance and progress of students;
(c) adapt the duration of lessons according to student learning capacity on synchronous distance
learning;
(d) provide the competent authority with access to the virtual environment;
(e) ensure that the staff is trained on remote training techniques;
(f) familiarise students with remote learning;
(g) develop detailed methods of remote evaluation, where applicable, ensuring the integrity of the
process;
(h) ensure data security and protection of data privacy.
Rationale —AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.001, ATCO.OR.C.015, AMC1 and GM1 to ATCO.OR.C.015(a), AMC1

ATCO.OR.C.015(b), AMC1 ATCO.OR.C.020(a),(b), ATCO.OR.D.001, AMC1 and GM1 to
ATCO.OR.D.001
The changes proposed in this section:
(1) are linked with the related changes in the previous sections;
(2) introduce and align the use of evaluations and assessments;
(3) clarify which facilities and equipment, especially for the synthetic training devices, should be
used in the training process including the remote learning;
(4) adapt the record-keeping process to be more accurate regarding the assessment and
evaluation for the instructors.
ANNEX II – PART ATCO.AR – REQUIREMENTS FOR

COMPETENT AUTHORITIES
SUBPART D – ISSUE, REVALIDATION, RENEWAL,
SUSPENSION AND REVOCATION OF LICENSES, RATINGS,
ENDORSEMENTS AND AUTHORISATIONS
GM1 ATCO.AR.D.001(d) Procedure for the issue, revalidation and

renewal of licences, ratings, endorsements and authorisations
UNIQUE DATE OF VALIDITY FOR ENDORSEMENTS
The procedure for establishing a unique date of validity for several endorsements should be applied
when requested by the air navigation traffic services provider or the applicant.
ATCO.AR.D.005 Revocation and suspension of licences, ratings and

endorsements
[…]
(d) In cases of suspension or revocation of licences, ratings and endorsements, the competent
authority shall notify in writing the licence holder and the relevant air navigation traffic services
provider of this decision, and inform the licence holder of his or her right of appeal in
accordance with the procedures established in ATCO.AR.A.010(m).
INITIAL TRAINING CONTENT

AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a) Composition of initial training
GENERAL
1. Structure of the basic and rating training syllabi
(a) The basic and rating training syllabi have been structured as follows:
(1) The syllabus is divided into subjects, which are divided into topics that are in turn
divided into subtopics. This structure serves the definition and classification of the
objectives. There can be one or several objectives linked to each subtopic.
(2) Objectives are assigned to a specific topic/subtopic which deals with the
knowledge and skills needed to accomplish the related subject.
(3) Subjects, topics and subtopics are contained in Appendices 2 to 7 to Annex I to
Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ATCO.D.010, and are repeated in:
— AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training — BASIC TRAINING
— TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES;
— AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training — AERODROME
CONTROL RATING (ADC) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING
OBJECTIVES;
— AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training — APPROACH
CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (APP) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND
TRAINING OBJECTIVES;
— AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training — AREA CONTROL
PROCEDURAL RATING (ACP) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND
TRAINING OBJECTIVES;
— AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training — APPROACH
CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (APS) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS
AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES;
— AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training — AREA CONTROL
SURVEILLANCE RATING (ACS) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND
TRAINING OBJECTIVES.
in order to provide the reader with a comprehensive and unique reference
document for the basic and each of the rating trainings. Topics, subtopics and
tTraining objectives are included in and form an integral part of each of the
aforementioned AMC.
[…]
Rationale AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)

Editorial changes introduced because of moving of subjects from the Appendices to ATCO.D.010 and
moving of topics and subtopics to AMC.
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training
BASIC TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
(a) The general principles that apply to this AMC are contained in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a).
(b) Basic training should contain the following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are
associated with the subjects, topics and subtopics contained in ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Appendix 2 to
Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 — Basic training.
Note: (c) Subjects, topics and subtopics from Appendix 2 to Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and do not
form part of it.
RECOMMENDED SUBJECT 10: INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

Subject ‘Introduction to the course’ with the following topics, subtopics and objectives is
recommended to be included in the course for better organisation of training.
[…]

[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
SUBJECT 65: AIRCRAFT
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training15
AERODROME CONTROL RATING (ADC) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
(b) The ATCO rating training Aerodrome Control Rating (ADC) should contain the following topics,
subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects, topics and subtopics
contained in ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Appendix 3 to Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340 — Aerodrome Control Rating -(ADC).
(c) Subjects, topics and subtopics from Appendix 3 to Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and
do not form part of it.

[…]

[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
15 The numbering presented in this document follows that presented in the draft AMC and GM as published for
information along with Opinion No 06/2022.
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training16
APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (APP) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING
OBJECTIVES
(b) The ATCO rating training Approach Control Procedural Rating (APP) should contain the following
topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects, topics and
subtopics contained in ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Appendix 3 to Annex I to Commission Regulation
(EU) 2015/340 — Approach Control Procedural Rating -(APP).
2015/340 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and

[…]

[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
16 The numbering presented in this document follows that presented in the draft AMC and GM as published for information
along with Opinion No 06/2022.
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training 17
AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL RATING (ACP) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
(b) The ATCO rating training Area Control Procedural Rating (ACP) should contain the following
subtopics contained in ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Appendix 3 to Annex I to Commission Regulation
(EU) 2015/340 — Approach Control Procedural Rating -(ACP).
2015/340 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and

[…]

[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training 18
APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (APS) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING
OBJECTIVES
(b) The ATCO rating training Approach Control Surveillance Rating (APS) should contain the
following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects, topics
and subtopics contained in ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Appendix 3 to Annex I to Commission
Regulation (EU) 2015/340 — Approach Control Surveillance Rating -(APS).
2015/340 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and

[…]

[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training19
AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE RATING (ACS) TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES
(b) The ATCO rating training Area Control Surveillance Rating (ACS) should contain the following
subtopics contained in ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Appendix 3 to Annex I to Commission Regulation
(EU) 2015/340 — Approach Control Surveillance Rating -(ACS).
Note: (c) Subjects, topics and subtopics from Appendix 3 to Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and

[…]

[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
Rationale AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) and AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i)-(v)
In AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1), AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i)-(v), similar editorial changes have been made.
In addition, subject ‘INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE’ has been changed to a ‘recommended subject’,
which also changes the numbering of the subjects that follow.
COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) …/...

of XXX
laying down detailed rules with regard to the acceptance of third-country certification of air traffic
controllers
[…]
Article 1
(1) Without prejudice to international agreements concluded between the European Union and a
third country in accordance with Article 68(1) (a) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, the competent
authority of a Member State may convert air traffic controller licences issued in compliance
with the requirements of ICAO Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention by a third country into a
student air traffic controller licence issued in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340, provided that the holder of such ICAO-compliant licence:
(a) is at least 18 years old;
(b) demonstrates compliance with the relevant requirements of Annex I (Part ATCO) to
Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340);
(c) holds a valid medical certificate according to point ATCO.AR.F.005 of Commission
Regulation (EU) 2015/340;
(d) has demonstrated an adequate level of language proficiency in accordance with the
requirements set out in ATCO.B.030 of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340.
(2) The competent authority that has received an application for the conversion referred to in
paragraph 1 shall request a training organisation that meets the requirements laid down in
Annex III (Part ATCO.OR) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 and is certified to provide
initial training for the purpose of issuing student air traffic controller licences in accordance with
Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 to assess the applicant’s compliance with the relevant
requirements of Annex I (Part ATCO) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 and submit a
conversion report to the competent authority.
(3) The conversion report shall:
(a) describe the scope of the privileges of the third-country air traffic controller licence
referred to in paragraph (1);
(b) indicate for which requirements of Annex I (Part ATCO) to Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340 credit is to be given;
(c) indicate the additional training, including the required examinations and assessments, to
be undertaken by the applicants; that training, including the required examinations and
assessments, must be conducted by a training organisation that meets the requirements
laid down in Annex III (Part ATCO.OR) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 and that
is certified to provide initial training for the purpose of issuing student air traffic controller
licences in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340;
(d) include a statement confirming that the compliance of the applicant with the training,
examination, and assessment requirements described in the national conversion report
can be considered as being equivalent to the successful completion of the initial training
required under Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 for the purpose of issuing a
student air traffic controller licence;
(e) include copies of all relevant supporting documentation, including copies of the relevant
third-country requirements and procedures, demonstrating how the training
organisation has established the elements listed in points (a) to (d) above.
(4) When satisfied that the requirements of Annex I (Part ATCO) to Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340 are complied with, the competent authority shall give credit to the applicant in
accordance with the conversion report referred to in paragraph (3) and issue a student ATCO
licence in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340.
4. Proposed actions to support implementation
4. Proposed actions to support implementation

EASA will consider the most appropriate method to support the implementation of this proposal by
applying one of the following actions, as appropriate:
— Focused communication for Advisory Body meeting(s) (MAB/SAB/TeB/TEC/COM) targeting the
Advisory Body members
— Dedicated thematic meetings or workshop sessions targeting industry stakeholders and NCAs
5. References
5. References
5.1. Related EU regulations

Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 of 20 February 2015 laying down technical requirements and
administrative procedures relating to air traffic controllers' licences and certificates pursuant to
Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, amending Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 and repealing Commission Regulation (EU) No 805/2011
(OJ L 63, 6.3.2015, p. 1)
5.2. Related EASA decisions

Executive Director Decision 2015/010/R of the Executive Director of the Agency of 13 March 2015
adopting Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material to Commission Regulation (EU)
2015/340
5.3. Other references

— Annex 1 ‘Personnel Licensing’ to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago
Convention)
— Regulation (EU) 2017/373
— ICAO Doc 9868 ‘Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Training’
— ICAO Doc 10056 ‘Manual on Air Traffic Controller Competency-based Training and Assessment’
6. Quality of the NPA
6. Quality of the NPA

To continuously improve the quality of its documents, EASA welcomes your feedback on the quality
of this NPA with regard to the following aspects:
6.1. The regulatory proposal is of technically good/high quality

Please choose one of the options below and place it as a comment in CRT; if you disagree or strongly disagree,
please provide a brief justification.
Fully agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly disagree
6.2. The text is clear, readable and understandable

6.3. The regulatory proposal is well substantiated

6.4. The regulatory proposal is fit for purpose (capable of achieving the objectives set)
6.5. The impact assessment (IA), as well as its qualitative and quantitative data, is of high
quality
6.6. The regulatory proposal applies the ‘better regulation’ principles[1]

6.7. Any other comments on the quality of this NPA (please specify)
Note: Your comments on Chapter 7 will be considered for internal quality assurance and management
purposes only and will not be published in the related CRD.
[1] For information and guidance, see:

− https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation-why-and-
how_en
how/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox_en
how/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox/better-regulation-toolbox_en

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European Union Aviation Safety Agency

Notice of Proposed Amendment 2023-02

Training the next generation of ATCOs

EASA rulemaking procedure milestones

Start Consultation Proposal to the Adoption by the Decision

10.8.2017 2.5.2023 2024/Q1 2024 2024

GM2 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) Unit competence scheme ....................................................................... 34

AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training ......................................................... 55

SUBJECT 2: AVIATION LAW ........................................................................................................... 91

1. About this NPA

1.1. How this NPA was developed

1.2. How to comment on this NPA

1.3. The next steps

2. In summary — why and what

2.1. Why we need to amend the rules — issue/rationale

2.1.1. Different performance levels of student ATCOs

2.1.2. Instructors and assessors

2.1.3. Virtual training

2.1.4. Acceptance of licences from third countries

2.1.5. ICAO and the CBTA

2.2. What we want to achieve — objectives

2.3. How we want to achieve it — overview of the proposed amendments

2.3.1. Different performance levels of student ATCOs

2.3.2. Instructors and assessors

2.3.3. Virtual training

— means of compliance for instructors involved in virtual training;

2.3.4. Acceptance of licences from third countries

2.4. Alignment with Regulation (EU) 2017/373

2.6.1. Facilitate the implementation of the CBTA

2.6.2. Impact of the CBTA on ATC initial training

2.6.3. Instructors and assessors

2.6.4. Virtual training

2.6.5. Acceptance of licences from third countries

2.8. Monitoring and evaluation

3. Proposed amendments and rationale in detail

GM1 Article 2(2) Compliance with the requirements and procedures

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER TRAINING ORGANISATION CERTIFICATION

— between aircraft, and

(9a) ‘evaluation’ means a determination by an instructor or assessor as to whether a person meets

GM1 Article 4(6) Definitions

Article 6 - Competent authority for the purposes

SUBPART A – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

ATCO.A.015 Exercise of the privileges of licences and provisional

SUBPART B – LICENCES, RATINGS AND ENDORSEMENTS

ATCO.B.001 Student air traffic controller licence

ATCO.B.005 Air traffic controller licence

ATCO.B.010 Air traffic controller ratings

ATCO.B.020 Unit endorsements

AMC1 ATCO.B.020(i)(3) Unit endorsements

PRACTICAL SKILLS ASSESSMENT FOR REVALIDATION OF EACH UNIT ENDORSEMENT

GM1 ATCO.B.020(k) Unit endorsements

Rationale — ATCO.B.001, ATCO.B005, ATCO.B.020

ATCO.B.025 Unit competence scheme

(1213) a procedure to ensure that practical instructors have practised instructional

AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(3) Unit competence scheme

AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5);(6);(9) Unit competence scheme

PROCESSES FOR ASSESSING COMPETENCE AND EXAMINING THEORETICAL KNOWLEGDE AND

GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) Unit competence scheme

GM2 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) Unit competence scheme