1. What is scan conversion?

A major task of the display processor is digitizing a picture definition given in an

application program into a set of pixel-intensity values for storage in the frame
buffer. This digitization process is called scan conversion
2. Write the properties of video display devices?
Properties of video display devices are persistence, resolution, and aspect ratio
3. What is rasterization?
The process of determining the appropriate pixels for representing picture or
graphics object is known as rasterization
4. Define Computer graphics.
Computer graphics remains one of the most existing and rapidly growing
computer fields. Computer graphics maybe defined as a pictorial representation
or graphicalrepresentation of objects in a computer.
5. Name any four input devices
Four input devices are keyboard, mouse, image scanners, and trackball.
6. Write the two techniques for producing color displays with a CRT?
Beam penetration method, shadow mask method
7. What is vertical retrace of the electron beam?
In raster scan display, at the end of one frame, the electron beam returns to the
left top corner of the screen to startthe next frame
8. Short notes on video controller?
Video controller is used to control the operation of the display device. A fixed
area of the system is reserved forthe frame buffer, and the video controller is
given direct access to the frame buffer memory
9. What is bitmap?
Some system has only one bit per pixel; the frame buffer is often referred to as
bitmap.
10. Differentiate plasma panel display and thin film electroluminescent display?
In plasma panel display, the region between two glass plates is filled with neon
gas. In thin film electroluminescent display, the region between two glasses
plates are filled with phosphor, such as zinc sulphide doped with manganese.
11. What is resolution?
The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT
is referred to as the resolution.
12. What is horizontal retrace of the electron beam?
In raster scan display, the electron beam return to the left of the screen after
refreshing each scan line, is called horizontal retrace of the electron beam.
13. What is filament?
In the CRT, heat is applied to the cathode by directing a current through a coil
of wire, is called filament
14. What is pixmap?
Some system has multiple bits per pixel, the frame buffer is often referred to as
pixmap.
15. Write the types of clipping?
Point clipping, line clipping, area clipping, text clipping and curve clipping.
16. What is meant by scan code?
When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the keyboardcontroller places a code
carry to the key pressed into a partof the memory called as the keyboard buffer.
This code iscalled as the scan code.
17. List out the merits and demerits of Penetrationtechniques?
The merits and demerits of the Penetration techniques areas follows. It is an
inexpensive technique. It has only four colors. The quality of the picture is not
good when it is comparedto other techniques. It can display color scans in
monitors. Poor limitation etc.
18. List out the merits and demerits of DVST?
The merits and demerits of direct view storage tubes[DVST] are as follows. It
has a flat screen. Refreshing of screen is not required. Selective or part erasing
of screen is not possible. It has poor contras tPerformance is inferior to the
refresh CRT.
19. What do you mean by emissive and non-emissive displays?
The emissive display converts electrical energy into light energy. The plasma
panels, thin film electro-luminescent displays are the examples. The Non-
emissive are optical effects to convert the sunlight or light from any other source
to graphic form. Liquid crystal display is an example
20. List out the merits and demerits of Plasma panel display?
Merits. Refreshing is not required. Produce a very steady image free of Flicker.
Less bulky than a CRT. Demerits. Poor resolution of up to 60 d.p.i. It requires
complex addressing and wiring. It is costlier than CRT.
21. What is persistence?
The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay one tenth of its
original intensity is called as persistence.
22. What is Aspect ratio?
The ratio of vertical points to the horizontal points necessary to produce length
of lines in both directions ofthe screen is called the Aspect ratio. Usually the
aspect ratio is ¾.
23. What is the difference between impact and non-impact printers?
Impact printer press formed character faces against an inked ribbon on to the
paper. A line printer and dot-matrix printer are examples. On-impact printer and
plotters use Laser techniques, inkjet sprays, Xerographic process, electrostatic
methods and electro thermal methods to get images onto the papers. Examples
are: Inkjet/Laser printers.
24. Define pixel?
Pixel is shortened forms of picture element. Each screen point is referred to as
pixel or pel.
25. What is frame buffer?
Picture definition is stored in a memory area called frame buffer or refresh
buffer.
26. Where the video controller is used?
A special purpose processor, which is used to control the operation of the
display device, is known as video controller or display controller.
27. What is run length encoding?
Run length encoding is a compression technique used to store the intensity
values in the frame buffer, which stores each scan line as a set of integer pairs.
One number each pair indicates an intensity value, and second number
specifies the number of adjacent pixels on the scan line that are to have that
intensity value.
28. What is point in the computer graphics system?
The point is a most basic graphical element & is completely defined by a pair of
user coordinates (x, y).
29. Write short notes on lines?
A line is of infinite extent can be defined by an angle ofslope q and one point on
the line P=P(x,y). This can also be defined as y=mx+C where C is the
Yintercept.
30. Define Circle?
Circle is defined by its center xc, yc and its radius in user coordinate units. The
equation of the circle is (x-xc) + (yyc)= r2.
31. What are the various attributes of a line?
The line type, width and color are the attributes of the line. The line type include
solid line, dashed lines, and dotted lines.
32. What is antialiasing?
The process of adjusting intensities of the pixels along the line to minimize the
effect of aliasing is called antialiasing.
33. What is Transformation?
Transformation is the process of introducing changes in the shape size and
orientation of the object using scaling rotation reflection shearing & translation
etc.
34. What is translation?
Translation is the process of changing the position of an object in a straight-line
path from one coordinate location to another. Every point (x , y) in the object
must under go a displacement to (x|,y|). the transformation is:x| = x + tx ; y| =
y+ty
35. What is rotation?
A 2-D rotation is done by repositioning the coordinates along a circular path, in
the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given
by:X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q + f).
36. What is scaling?
A 2-D rotation is done by repositioning the coordinates along a circular path, in
the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given
by:X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q + f).
37. What is shearing?
The shearing transformation actually slants the object along the X direction or
 the Y direction as required. ie; this transformation slants the shape of an object
along required plane.
38. What is reflection?
The reflection is actually the transformation that produces a mirror image of an
object. For this use some angles and lines of reflection.
39. What are the two classifications of shear transformation?
X shear, y shear
40. A point (4,3) is rotated counter clockwise by an angle of45°. Find the rotation
matrix and the resultant point
41. What are different types of polygons? Give ex
42. Explain how to draw polygon?
43. How to check the type of polygon?
44. Explain scan line algo in details
45. Explain different methods to fill polygon
46. List different methods to test whether a point is inside a polygon and explain
these methods
47. Explain different character generation methods
48. What is windowing, clipping and its application
49. What is use of transformations?
50. What are different transformations?
51. What is importance of removing hidden surfaces?
52. What are curves and fractals? How to implement them?
53. Explain color models
54. What is need for segmentation in computer graphics?
55. What is pixel?
56. How to enter in graphics mode?
57. What is the use of ‘initgraph’ function?
58. Explain the ‘initgraph’ parameters.
59. What is the use of ‘closegraph()’?
60. Which function is used for displaying pixel onto screen?
61. How to get color of pixel with coordinates (x,y)?
62. What BGI stands for?
63. What is inheritance?
64. Define access specifiers?
65. What is derived class?
66. Explain types of inheritance.
67. What is ceil and floor function?
68. What are the advantages of DDA line drawing algorithm?
69. What are the advantages of Brenham’s line drawing algorithm?
70. What is condition for gentle slope line?
71. What is condition for steep slope?
72. What is equation for error term?
73. When value of Y coordinate is changed?
74. What is equation for decision variable?
75. What is initial value of decision variable in Bresenham’s circle drawing
algorithm?
76. What is meaning of condition while(x<y)?
77. How octant symmetry is used for drawing circle?
78. What is parametric form of circle equation?
79. When horizontal point is selected and when diagonal point is selected?